The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 10 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on -2454 Jun 17. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on -1138 Aug 15. The total duration of Saros series 10 is 1316.20 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -2454 Jun 17 21:32:06 TD
Last Eclipse = -1138 Aug 15 10:25:35 TD
Duration of Saros 10 = 1316.20 Years
Saros 10 is composed of 74 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 10 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 74 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 34 | 45.9% |
| Partial | P | 15 | 20.3% |
| Total | T | 25 | 33.8% |
The 74 lunar eclipses in Saros 10 occur in the order of 25N 7P 25T 8P 9N which corresponds to:
25 Penumbral
7 Partial
25 Total
8 Partial
9 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 10 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: -1787 Jul 22 Duration = 01h45m46s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: -1444 Feb 13 Duration = 00h35m04s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -1426 Feb 23 Duration = 03h26m10s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -2003 Mar 15 Duration = 01h09m08s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: -2021 Mar 04 Duration = 04h33m30s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: -2454 Jun 17 Duration = 00h51m55s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 10 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -1426 Feb 23 Magnitude = 0.9640
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -2003 Mar 15 Magnitude = 0.0857
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 10 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -37 -2454 Jun 17 21:32:06 58171 -55084 Nb a- 1.5270 0.0364 -0.9246 51.9 - -
02 -36 -2436 Jun 28 04:56:27 57681 -54861 N a- 1.4671 0.1486 -0.8171 104.2 - -
03 -35 -2418 Jul 09 12:25:28 57193 -54638 N a- 1.4116 0.2530 -0.7177 135.2 - -
04 -34 -2400 Jul 19 20:01:15 56707 -54415 N a- 1.3620 0.3469 -0.6294 157.5 - -
05 -33 -2382 Jul 31 03:41:55 56223 -54192 N a- 1.3168 0.4327 -0.5495 175.2 - -
06 -32 -2364 Aug 10 11:31:19 55741 -53969 N a- 1.2792 0.5048 -0.4835 188.7 - -
07 -31 -2346 Aug 21 19:27:03 55262 -53746 N a- 1.2471 0.5668 -0.4277 199.6 - -
08 -30 -2328 Sep 01 03:31:43 54784 -53523 N a- 1.2230 0.6142 -0.3864 207.7 - -
09 -29 -2310 Sep 12 11:42:19 54308 -53300 N a- 1.2042 0.6516 -0.3551 214.1 - -
10 -28 -2292 Sep 22 20:01:24 53835 -53077 N a- 1.1929 0.6753 -0.3372 218.4 - -
11 -27 -2274 Oct 04 04:25:22 53364 -52854 N a- 1.1863 0.6902 -0.3277 221.4 - -
12 -26 -2256 Oct 14 12:54:34 52894 -52631 N a- 1.1847 0.6956 -0.3271 223.0 - -
13 -25 -2238 Oct 25 21:26:36 52427 -52408 N a- 1.1860 0.6954 -0.3318 223.9 - -
14 -24 -2220 Nov 05 06:01:16 51962 -52185 N a- 1.1907 0.6886 -0.3423 223.8 - -
15 -23 -2202 Nov 16 14:34:57 51499 -51962 N a- 1.1951 0.6821 -0.3519 223.7 - -
16 -22 -2184 Nov 26 23:06:52 51038 -51739 N a- 1.1990 0.6762 -0.3603 223.7 - -
17 -21 -2166 Dec 08 07:34:50 50579 -51516 N a- 1.2007 0.6742 -0.3643 224.2 - -
18 -20 -2148 Dec 18 15:58:19 50122 -51293 N h- 1.1998 0.6765 -0.3633 225.3 - -
19 -19 -2130 Dec 30 00:13:25 49667 -51070 N h- 1.1930 0.6894 -0.3512 227.9 - -
20 -18 -2111 Jan 09 08:21:20 49214 -50847 N h- 1.1813 0.7111 -0.3300 231.7 - -
21 -17 -2093 Jan 20 16:18:40 48764 -50624 N h- 1.1619 0.7468 -0.2945 237.4 - -
22 -16 -2075 Jan 31 00:07:37 48315 -50401 N t- 1.1365 0.7933 -0.2479 244.3 - -
23 -15 -2057 Feb 11 07:43:51 47869 -50178 N t- 1.1020 0.8566 -0.1844 253.0 - -
24 -14 -2039 Feb 21 15:11:24 47424 -49955 N t- 1.0611 0.9316 -0.1094 262.7 - -
25 -13 -2021 Mar 04 22:26:47 46982 -49732 Nx t- 1.0113 1.0230 -0.0180 273.5 - -
26 -12 -2003 Mar 15 05:33:00 46542 -49509 P t- 0.9547 1.1268 0.0857 284.8 69.1 -
27 -11 -1985 Mar 26 12:28:30 46103 -49286 P t- 0.8902 1.2455 0.2037 296.5 105.2 -
28 -10 -1967 Apr 05 19:16:42 45667 -49063 P t- 0.8205 1.3738 0.3313 307.9 132.0 -
29 -09 -1949 Apr 17 01:57:10 45233 -48840 P t- 0.7453 1.5125 0.4687 319.0 154.2 -
30 -08 -1931 Apr 27 08:31:07 44801 -48617 P t- 0.6654 1.6599 0.6144 329.4 173.0 -
31 -07 -1913 May 08 15:00:57 44371 -48394 P t- 0.5828 1.8126 0.7649 338.9 188.7 -
32 -06 -1895 May 18 21:28:01 43943 -48171 P t- 0.4983 1.9690 0.9188 347.3 201.8 -
33 -05 -1877 May 30 03:54:06 43517 -47948 T t- 0.4136 2.1259 1.0727 354.5 212.3 43.3
34 -04 -1859 Jun 09 10:19:36 43094 -47725 T tp 0.3290 2.2828 1.2262 360.5 220.6 72.7
35 -03 -1841 Jun 20 16:48:26 42672 -47502 T+ pp 0.2475 2.4344 1.3739 365.3 226.8 88.7
36 -02 -1823 Jun 30 23:20:30 42253 -47279 T+ pp 0.1688 2.5808 1.5161 368.9 231.0 98.3
37 -01 -1805 Jul 12 05:57:54 41835 -47056 T+ pp 0.0949 2.7187 1.6497 371.6 233.6 103.6
38 00 -1787 Jul 22 12:41:32 41420 -46833 T+ pp 0.0264 2.8467 1.7731 373.3 234.8 105.8
39 01 -1769 Aug 02 19:33:51 41006 -46610 T- pp -0.0346 2.8339 1.7555 374.3 235.0 105.5
40 02 -1751 Aug 13 02:34:35 40595 -46387 T- pp -0.0887 2.7371 1.6540 374.8 234.3 103.6
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 03 -1733 Aug 24 09:43:25 40186 -46164 T- pp -0.1359 2.6529 1.5652 375.0 233.1 100.6
42 04 -1715 Sep 03 17:01:59 39779 -45941 T- pp -0.1749 2.5835 1.4915 374.9 231.7 96.9
43 05 -1697 Sep 15 00:29:36 39373 -45718 T- pp -0.2062 2.5280 1.4319 374.7 230.2 93.2
44 06 -1679 Sep 25 08:05:39 38970 -45495 T- pp -0.2305 2.4852 1.3856 374.5 228.9 89.7
45 07 -1661 Oct 06 15:49:22 38570 -45272 T- -p -0.2483 2.4541 1.3514 374.3 227.8 86.8
46 08 -1643 Oct 16 23:39:54 38171 -45049 T- -p -0.2606 2.4326 1.3277 374.1 226.9 84.5
47 09 -1625 Oct 28 07:36:18 37774 -44826 T- -p -0.2681 2.4198 1.3132 374.0 226.4 83.1
48 10 -1607 Nov 07 15:34:49 37379 -44603 T -p -0.2737 2.4098 1.3025 373.8 225.9 81.9
49 11 -1589 Nov 18 23:36:43 36987 -44380 T -p -0.2768 2.4041 1.2969 373.5 225.6 81.3
50 12 -1571 Nov 29 07:37:33 36596 -44157 T -p -0.2804 2.3970 1.2908 373.0 225.3 80.7
51 13 -1553 Dec 10 15:37:41 36207 -43934 T -p -0.2851 2.3874 1.2831 372.3 224.8 79.8
52 14 -1535 Dec 20 23:32:21 35821 -43711 T -p -0.2945 2.3689 1.2672 371.3 224.1 78.0
53 15 -1516 Jan 01 07:24:05 35437 -43488 T -p -0.3065 2.3450 1.2468 370.0 223.0 75.5
54 16 -1498 Jan 11 15:07:57 35054 -43265 T -p -0.3249 2.3093 1.2150 368.2 221.5 71.2
55 17 -1480 Jan 22 22:44:56 34674 -43042 T -p -0.3495 2.2619 1.1722 365.9 219.2 64.7
56 18 -1462 Feb 02 06:12:40 34296 -42819 T -t -0.3817 2.2003 1.1156 362.9 216.0 54.0
57 19 -1444 Feb 13 13:32:47 33920 -42596 T -t -0.4206 2.1262 1.0467 359.3 211.8 35.1
58 20 -1426 Feb 23 20:43:51 33546 -42373 P -t -0.4672 2.0380 0.9640 354.8 206.2 -
59 21 -1408 Mar 06 03:46:32 33174 -42150 P -t -0.5208 1.9368 0.8683 349.3 198.8 -
60 22 -1390 Mar 17 10:41:40 32804 -41927 P -t -0.5811 1.8235 0.7605 342.6 189.2 -
61 23 -1372 Mar 27 17:30:10 32436 -41704 P -t -0.6472 1.6995 0.6418 334.6 177.0 -
62 24 -1354 Apr 08 00:12:17 32071 -41481 P -t -0.7190 1.5653 0.5126 325.1 161.1 -
63 25 -1336 Apr 18 06:50:50 31707 -41258 P -t -0.7941 1.4251 0.3772 314.1 140.8 -
64 26 -1318 Apr 29 13:26:08 31345 -41035 P -t -0.8725 1.2789 0.2354 301.4 113.3 -
65 27 -1300 May 09 20:01:35 30986 -40812 P -t -0.9513 1.1323 0.0927 287.0 72.3 -
66 28 -1282 May 21 02:35:37 30629 -40589 N -t -1.0320 0.9824 -0.0537 270.6 - -
67 29 -1264 May 31 09:13:39 30273 -40366 N -t -1.1101 0.8376 -0.1955 252.7 - -
68 30 -1246 Jun 11 15:53:46 29920 -40143 N -t -1.1875 0.6944 -0.3362 232.5 - -
69 31 -1228 Jun 21 22:40:26 29569 -39920 N -t -1.2600 0.5602 -0.4683 210.8 - -
70 32 -1210 Jul 03 05:31:26 29220 -39697 N -t -1.3298 0.4315 -0.5955 186.6 - -
71 33 -1192 Jul 13 12:32:11 28873 -39474 N -t -1.3926 0.3156 -0.7102 160.7 - -
72 34 -1174 Jul 24 19:40:05 28528 -39251 N -t -1.4506 0.2089 -0.8162 131.6 - -
73 35 -1156 Aug 04 02:58:14 28185 -39028 N -t -1.5011 0.1159 -0.9087 98.5 - -
74 36 -1138 Aug 15 10:25:35 27844 -38805 Ne -h -1.5451 0.0351 -0.9893 54.4 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
