The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 30 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on -1803 Jun 19. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on -0487 Aug 18. The total duration of Saros series 30 is 1316.20 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -1803 Jun 19 10:21:59 TD
Last Eclipse = -0487 Aug 18 11:37:33 TD
Duration of Saros 30 = 1316.20 Years
Saros 30 is composed of 74 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 30 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 74 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 28 | 37.8% |
| Partial | P | 17 | 23.0% |
| Total | T | 29 | 39.2% |
The 74 lunar eclipses in Saros 30 occur in the order of 20N 10P 29T 7P 8N which corresponds to:
20 Penumbral
10 Partial
29 Total
7 Partial
8 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 30 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: -1154 Jul 14 Duration = 01h39m01s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: -0757 Mar 09 Duration = 00h07m58s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -0739 Mar 20 Duration = 03h06m41s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -1442 Jan 22 Duration = 00h38m06s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: -0613 Jun 04 Duration = 04h15m48s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: -1803 Jun 19 Duration = 00h45m05s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 30 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -0739 Mar 20 Magnitude = 0.9035
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -1442 Jan 22 Magnitude = 0.0296
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 30 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -37 -1803 Jun 19 10:21:59 41790 -47032 Nb t- 1.5508 0.0236 -0.9987 45.1 - -
02 -36 -1785 Jun 30 17:19:23 41375 -46809 N h- 1.4759 0.1602 -0.8605 115.6 - -
03 -35 -1767 Jul 11 00:23:39 40962 -46586 N h- 1.4050 0.2898 -0.7299 153.1 - -
04 -34 -1749 Jul 22 07:37:06 40551 -46363 N h- 1.3400 0.4086 -0.6103 179.2 - -
05 -33 -1731 Aug 01 14:59:46 40142 -46140 N a- 1.2813 0.5161 -0.5023 198.6 - -
06 -32 -1713 Aug 12 22:33:22 39735 -45917 N a- 1.2304 0.6095 -0.4087 213.2 - -
07 -31 -1695 Aug 23 06:17:06 39330 -45694 N a- 1.1865 0.6899 -0.3282 224.2 - -
08 -30 -1677 Sep 03 14:10:47 38927 -45471 N a- 1.1499 0.7571 -0.2610 232.6 - -
09 -29 -1659 Sep 13 22:15:03 38527 -45248 N a- 1.1209 0.8102 -0.2077 238.5 - -
10 -28 -1641 Sep 25 06:28:36 38128 -45025 N a- 1.0987 0.8508 -0.1668 242.6 - -
11 -27 -1623 Oct 05 14:50:24 37731 -44802 N a- 1.0826 0.8801 -0.1369 245.2 - -
12 -26 -1605 Oct 16 23:19:22 37337 -44579 N a- 1.0716 0.8997 -0.1163 246.7 - -
13 -25 -1587 Oct 27 07:54:32 36944 -44356 N a- 1.0650 0.9110 -0.1035 247.1 - -
14 -24 -1569 Nov 07 16:33:55 36554 -44133 N a- 1.0613 0.9170 -0.0956 247.0 - -
15 -23 -1551 Nov 18 01:15:14 36166 -43910 N a- 1.0584 0.9210 -0.0891 246.6 - -
16 -22 -1533 Nov 29 09:57:55 35780 -43687 N a- 1.0561 0.9236 -0.0834 246.0 - -
17 -21 -1515 Dec 09 18:39:54 35395 -43464 N a- 1.0530 0.9274 -0.0759 245.6 - -
18 -20 -1497 Dec 21 03:18:40 35013 -43241 N a- 1.0466 0.9371 -0.0620 245.8 - -
19 -19 -1479 Dec 31 11:53:05 34633 -43018 N a- 1.0361 0.9541 -0.0406 246.7 - -
20 -18 -1460 Jan 11 20:22:09 34255 -42795 N a- 1.0210 0.9793 -0.0103 248.4 - -
21 -17 -1442 Jan 22 04:45:20 33880 -42572 P a- 1.0006 1.0141 0.0296 250.9 38.1 -
22 -16 -1424 Feb 02 13:00:08 33506 -42349 P a- 0.9731 1.0618 0.0827 254.5 63.1 -
23 -15 -1406 Feb 12 21:08:15 33134 -42126 P a- 0.9398 1.1203 0.1464 258.9 83.0 -
24 -14 -1388 Feb 24 05:07:51 32764 -41903 P a- 0.8989 1.1926 0.2241 264.1 101.4 -
25 -13 -1370 Mar 06 13:00:47 32397 -41680 P a- 0.8522 1.2757 0.3122 269.8 118.0 -
26 -12 -1352 Mar 16 20:45:21 32031 -41457 P a- 0.7983 1.3724 0.4136 275.9 133.5 -
27 -11 -1334 Mar 28 04:25:02 31668 -41234 P a- 0.7397 1.4776 0.5232 281.9 147.5 -
28 -10 -1316 Apr 07 11:58:29 31307 -41011 P a- 0.6755 1.5936 0.6430 288.0 160.2 -
29 -09 -1298 Apr 18 19:27:45 30947 -40788 P a- 0.6072 1.7172 0.7699 293.7 171.4 -
30 -08 -1280 Apr 29 02:53:40 30590 -40565 P a- 0.5355 1.8474 0.9027 298.9 181.3 -
31 -07 -1262 May 10 10:17:48 30235 -40342 T a- 0.4618 1.9817 1.0389 303.6 189.6 29.2
32 -06 -1244 May 20 17:41:12 29882 -40119 T a- 0.3872 2.1180 1.1765 307.6 196.4 59.7
33 -05 -1226 Jun 01 01:04:07 29531 -39896 T p- 0.3118 2.2560 1.3152 310.9 201.9 76.1
34 -04 -1208 Jun 11 08:29:33 29182 -39673 T+ p- 0.2382 2.3911 1.4502 313.4 205.9 86.6
35 -03 -1190 Jun 22 15:57:31 28835 -39450 T+ p- 0.1662 2.5236 1.5819 315.3 208.8 93.4
36 -02 -1172 Jul 02 23:29:34 28491 -39227 T+ pp 0.0978 2.6498 1.7068 316.5 210.5 97.3
37 -01 -1154 Jul 14 07:06:21 28148 -39004 T+ pp 0.0333 2.7691 1.8241 317.2 211.3 99.0
38 00 -1136 Jul 24 14:49:40 27807 -38781 T- pp -0.0257 2.7844 1.8369 317.5 211.2 99.0
39 01 -1118 Aug 04 22:39:39 27469 -38558 T- pp -0.0790 2.6880 1.7375 317.5 210.6 97.7
40 02 -1100 Aug 15 06:36:09 27132 -38335 T- -p -0.1269 2.6019 1.6481 317.2 209.6 95.4
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 03 -1082 Aug 26 14:41:10 26798 -38112 T- -p -0.1674 2.5293 1.5719 316.9 208.4 92.6
42 04 -1064 Sep 05 22:53:51 26465 -37889 T- -p -0.2013 2.4690 1.5079 316.7 207.1 89.5
43 05 -1046 Sep 17 07:15:14 26135 -37666 T- -p -0.2280 2.4220 1.4570 316.5 206.0 86.6
44 06 -1028 Sep 27 15:42:52 25807 -37443 T- -p -0.2493 2.3847 1.4161 316.5 205.0 84.0
45 07 -1010 Oct 09 00:18:52 25481 -37220 T- -p -0.2635 2.3604 1.3883 316.7 204.3 82.0
46 08 -0992 Oct 19 08:59:46 25157 -36997 T -p -0.2736 2.3435 1.3681 317.0 203.9 80.4
47 09 -0974 Oct 30 17:46:10 24835 -36774 T -p -0.2788 2.3354 1.3571 317.5 203.8 79.6
48 10 -0956 Nov 10 02:34:54 24515 -36551 T -p -0.2819 2.3309 1.3501 318.1 203.8 79.1
49 11 -0938 Nov 21 11:26:22 24197 -36328 T -p -0.2825 2.3310 1.3481 318.7 204.0 79.0
50 12 -0920 Dec 01 20:16:55 23881 -36105 T -p -0.2835 2.3299 1.3455 319.4 204.2 78.9
51 13 -0902 Dec 13 05:06:01 23568 -35882 T -p -0.2853 2.3272 1.3418 320.0 204.5 78.7
52 14 -0884 Dec 23 13:51:18 23256 -35659 T -p -0.2898 2.3192 1.3331 320.5 204.6 78.1
53 15 -0865 Jan 03 22:32:24 22947 -35436 T -p -0.2969 2.3062 1.3199 320.9 204.5 77.0
54 16 -0847 Jan 14 07:05:49 22639 -35213 T -p -0.3102 2.2817 1.2956 321.0 204.1 74.8
55 17 -0829 Jan 25 15:32:21 22334 -34990 T -p -0.3287 2.2477 1.2619 320.9 203.3 71.4
56 18 -0811 Feb 04 23:49:49 22030 -34767 T -p -0.3539 2.2012 1.2158 320.5 201.9 66.0
57 19 -0793 Feb 16 07:59:33 21729 -34544 T -a -0.3849 2.1440 1.1591 319.7 199.9 57.9
58 20 -0775 Feb 26 15:57:59 21430 -34321 T -a -0.4247 2.0709 1.0864 318.3 196.8 43.8
59 21 -0757 Mar 09 23:48:34 21133 -34098 T -a -0.4703 1.9871 1.0027 316.2 192.6 8.0
60 22 -0739 Mar 20 07:28:28 20838 -33875 P -a -0.5243 1.8880 0.9035 313.3 186.7 -
61 23 -0721 Mar 31 15:01:21 20545 -33652 P -a -0.5833 1.7799 0.7951 309.5 179.0 -
62 24 -0703 Apr 10 22:24:03 20254 -33429 P -a -0.6499 1.6582 0.6724 304.4 168.6 -
63 25 -0685 Apr 22 05:41:36 19965 -33206 P -a -0.7199 1.5305 0.5433 298.1 155.2 -
64 26 -0667 May 02 12:51:31 19678 -32983 P -a -0.7954 1.3929 0.4038 290.2 137.2 -
65 27 -0649 May 13 19:57:16 19394 -32760 P -a -0.8732 1.2514 0.2598 280.7 112.8 -
66 28 -0631 May 24 02:58:23 19111 -32537 P -a -0.9538 1.1051 0.1104 269.2 75.3 -
67 29 -0613 Jun 04 09:57:46 18831 -32314 N -a -1.0346 0.9586 -0.0397 255.8 - -
68 30 -0595 Jun 14 16:55:52 18552 -32091 N -a -1.1153 0.8128 -0.1898 240.2 - -
69 31 -0577 Jun 25 23:53:44 18276 -31868 N -a -1.1947 0.6695 -0.3379 222.2 - -
70 32 -0559 Jul 06 06:53:57 18001 -31645 N -h -1.2711 0.5320 -0.4807 201.7 - -
71 33 -0541 Jul 17 13:57:05 17729 -31422 N -h -1.3440 0.4010 -0.6174 178.2 - -
72 34 -0523 Jul 27 21:04:52 17459 -31199 N -h -1.4118 0.2796 -0.7448 151.2 - -
73 35 -0505 Aug 08 04:17:39 17191 -30976 N -h -1.4745 0.1678 -0.8629 118.9 - -
74 36 -0487 Aug 18 11:37:33 16883 -30753 N -h -1.5305 0.0684 -0.9689 76.9 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
