The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 49 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on -1217 Jun 21. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 0081 Aug 08. The total duration of Saros series 49 is 1298.17 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -1217 Jun 21 08:08:20 TD
Last Eclipse = 0081 Aug 08 09:29:38 TD
Duration of Saros 49 = 1298.17 Years
Saros 49 is composed of 73 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 49 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 73 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 30 | 41.1% |
| Partial | P | 16 | 21.9% |
| Total | T | 27 | 37.0% |
The 73 lunar eclipses in Saros 49 occur in the order of 22N 9P 27T 7P 8N which corresponds to:
22 Penumbral
9 Partial
27 Total
7 Partial
8 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 49 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: -0532 Aug 05 Duration = 01h42m24s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: -0658 May 22 Duration = 00h09m06s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -0171 Mar 10 Duration = 03h24m49s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -0820 Feb 15 Duration = 00h49m08s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: -0045 May 25 Duration = 04h47m44s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 0081 Aug 08 Duration = 00h47m17s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 49 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -0171 Mar 10 Magnitude = 0.9505
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -0820 Feb 15 Magnitude = 0.0503
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 49 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -38 -1217 Jun 21 08:08:20 29356 -39784 Nb a- -1.5092 0.0615 -0.8846 66.2 - -
02 -37 -1199 Jul 01 15:37:46 29008 -39561 N a- -1.4404 0.1879 -0.7586 114.2 - -
03 -36 -1181 Jul 12 23:13:29 28662 -39338 N a- -1.3764 0.3058 -0.6417 143.9 - -
04 -35 -1163 Jul 23 06:54:47 28318 -39115 N a- -1.3170 0.4155 -0.5334 166.0 - -
05 -34 -1145 Aug 03 14:44:08 27977 -38892 N a- -1.2640 0.5139 -0.4370 182.8 - -
06 -33 -1127 Aug 13 22:39:49 27637 -38669 N a- -1.2162 0.6027 -0.3505 196.2 - -
07 -32 -1109 Aug 25 06:44:53 27299 -38446 N a- -1.1763 0.6772 -0.2786 206.4 - -
08 -31 -1091 Sep 04 14:57:34 26964 -38223 N a- -1.1428 0.7402 -0.2185 214.5 - -
09 -30 -1073 Sep 15 23:18:50 26631 -38000 N a- -1.1164 0.7900 -0.1715 220.6 - -
10 -29 -1055 Sep 26 07:47:34 26299 -37777 N a- -1.0963 0.8283 -0.1361 225.2 - -
11 -28 -1037 Oct 07 16:23:52 25970 -37554 N a- -1.0824 0.8551 -0.1119 228.3 - -
12 -27 -1019 Oct 18 01:06:28 25643 -37331 N a- -1.0742 0.8715 -0.0980 230.3 - -
13 -26 -1001 Oct 29 09:53:14 25318 -37108 N a- -1.0694 0.8812 -0.0903 231.6 - -
14 -25 -0983 Nov 08 18:44:41 24995 -36885 N a- -1.0688 0.8833 -0.0899 232.0 - -
15 -24 -0965 Nov 20 03:37:47 24674 -36662 N a- -1.0693 0.8829 -0.0916 232.2 - -
16 -23 -0947 Nov 30 12:31:51 24355 -36439 N a- -1.0712 0.8798 -0.0955 232.2 - -
17 -22 -0929 Dec 11 21:23:23 24038 -36216 N a- -1.0713 0.8799 -0.0957 232.4 - -
18 -21 -0911 Dec 22 06:12:49 23724 -35993 N a- -1.0702 0.8819 -0.0936 232.9 - -
19 -20 -0892 Jan 02 14:57:15 23411 -35770 N a- -1.0652 0.8908 -0.0843 234.2 - -
20 -19 -0874 Jan 12 23:35:41 23100 -35547 N a- -1.0559 0.9075 -0.0669 236.3 - -
21 -18 -0856 Jan 24 08:06:42 22792 -35324 N a- -1.0410 0.9345 -0.0389 239.4 - -
22 -17 -0838 Feb 03 16:30:02 22485 -35101 N a- -1.0203 0.9718 -0.0005 243.6 - -
23 -16 -0820 Feb 15 00:44:20 22181 -34878 P a- -0.9929 1.0215 0.0503 248.8 49.1 -
24 -15 -0802 Feb 25 08:49:33 21879 -34655 P a- -0.9585 1.0842 0.1140 255.1 73.5 -
25 -14 -0784 Mar 07 16:45:43 21579 -34432 P a- -0.9172 1.1596 0.1902 262.2 94.1 -
26 -13 -0766 Mar 19 00:33:42 21280 -34209 P a- -0.8695 1.2467 0.2778 269.9 112.6 -
27 -12 -0748 Mar 29 08:12:08 20984 -33986 P a- -0.8147 1.3474 0.3786 278.1 129.9 -
28 -11 -0730 Apr 09 15:43:51 20690 -33763 P a- -0.7547 1.4576 0.4884 286.3 145.5 -
29 -10 -0712 Apr 19 23:08:01 20398 -33540 P a- -0.6893 1.5780 0.6079 294.6 159.8 -
30 -09 -0694 May 01 06:27:43 20109 -33317 P a- -0.6205 1.7050 0.7335 302.4 172.5 -
31 -08 -0676 May 11 13:40:13 19821 -33094 P a- -0.5465 1.8419 0.8683 310.0 184.0 -
32 -07 -0658 May 22 20:51:23 19535 -32871 T a- -0.4721 1.9797 1.0035 316.8 193.6 9.1
33 -06 -0640 Jun 02 03:58:32 19251 -32648 T p- -0.3953 2.1222 1.1427 323.0 201.9 55.9
34 -05 -0622 Jun 13 11:06:24 18970 -32425 T p- -0.3200 2.2624 1.2790 328.3 208.6 75.0
35 -04 -0604 Jun 23 18:12:41 18690 -32202 T- pp -0.2442 2.4038 1.4159 332.9 213.9 87.3
36 -03 -0586 Jul 05 01:22:56 18413 -31979 T- pp -0.1726 2.5376 1.5447 336.7 217.7 95.1
37 -02 -0568 Jul 15 08:34:55 18138 -31756 T- pp -0.1037 2.6669 1.6684 339.7 220.4 99.8
38 -01 -0550 Jul 26 15:51:20 17864 -31533 T- pp -0.0395 2.7876 1.7833 342.1 221.9 102.1
39 00 -0532 Aug 05 23:12:29 17593 -31310 T+ pp 0.0198 2.8270 1.8164 344.1 222.6 102.4
40 01 -0514 Aug 17 06:40:42 17324 -31087 T+ pp 0.0721 2.7342 1.7171 345.6 222.6 101.3
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 02 -0496 Aug 27 14:15:23 17042 -30864 T+ pp 0.1183 2.6529 1.6291 346.8 222.2 99.1
42 03 -0478 Sep 07 21:57:11 16724 -30641 T+ -p 0.1576 2.5841 1.5537 347.9 221.5 96.4
43 04 -0460 Sep 18 05:46:39 16416 -30418 T+ -p 0.1896 2.5288 1.4918 348.9 220.7 93.4
44 05 -0442 Sep 29 13:43:49 16116 -30195 T+ -p 0.2145 2.4862 1.4430 349.9 220.1 90.6
45 06 -0424 Oct 09 21:46:59 15824 -29972 T+ -p 0.2336 2.4541 1.4049 351.0 219.5 88.0
46 07 -0406 Oct 21 05:56:35 15540 -29749 T+ -p 0.2467 2.4328 1.3782 352.2 219.3 86.1
47 08 -0388 Oct 31 14:10:40 15263 -29526 T+ -p 0.2555 2.4192 1.3596 353.4 219.2 84.7
48 09 -0370 Nov 11 22:28:45 14992 -29303 T+ -p 0.2601 2.4129 1.3490 354.7 219.4 84.0
49 10 -0352 Nov 22 06:47:05 14728 -29080 T+ -p 0.2638 2.4079 1.3404 356.0 219.7 83.3
50 11 -0334 Dec 03 15:07:01 14471 -28857 T+ -p 0.2656 2.4062 1.3358 357.2 220.0 83.1
51 12 -0316 Dec 13 23:24:16 14218 -28634 T+ -p 0.2690 2.4009 1.3283 358.2 220.3 82.6
52 13 -0298 Dec 25 07:38:25 13972 -28411 T -p 0.2743 2.3920 1.3181 359.1 220.5 81.8
53 14 -0279 Jan 04 15:46:02 13731 -28188 T -p 0.2841 2.3743 1.2995 359.7 220.3 80.1
54 15 -0261 Jan 15 23:47:52 13495 -27965 T -p 0.2982 2.3487 1.2737 360.0 219.9 77.5
55 16 -0243 Jan 26 07:41:14 13264 -27742 T -p 0.3187 2.3109 1.2360 359.9 218.8 73.1
56 17 -0225 Feb 06 15:25:08 13037 -27519 T -t 0.3464 2.2597 1.1856 359.2 217.1 66.1
57 18 -0207 Feb 16 22:59:13 12816 -27296 T -t 0.3816 2.1946 1.1214 358.0 214.4 54.8
58 19 -0189 Feb 28 06:22:59 12598 -27073 T -t 0.4246 2.1152 1.0432 356.0 210.4 33.6
59 20 -0171 Mar 10 13:36:30 12384 -26850 P -t 0.4754 2.0213 0.9505 353.0 204.8 -
60 21 -0153 Mar 21 20:39:26 12175 -26627 P -t 0.5344 1.9124 0.8429 348.9 197.1 -
61 22 -0135 Apr 01 03:33:22 11969 -26404 P -t 0.6002 1.7911 0.7227 343.4 186.7 -
62 23 -0117 Apr 12 10:18:30 11767 -26181 P -t 0.6723 1.6583 0.5908 336.4 172.9 -
63 24 -0099 Apr 22 16:55:24 11569 -25958 P -t 0.7505 1.5145 0.4477 327.5 154.2 -
64 25 -0081 May 03 23:26:13 11373 -25735 P -t 0.8328 1.3633 0.2969 316.5 128.7 -
65 26 -0063 May 14 05:51:46 11181 -25512 P -t 0.9184 1.2063 0.1399 303.4 90.5 -
66 27 -0045 May 25 12:14:35 10992 -25289 Nx -t 1.0057 1.0463 -0.0204 287.7 - -
67 28 -0027 Jun 04 18:33:47 10805 -25066 N -t 1.0949 0.8829 -0.1846 269.1 - -
68 29 -0009 Jun 16 00:54:24 10621 -24843 N -t 1.1822 0.7233 -0.3452 247.7 - -
69 30 0009 Jun 26 07:15:25 10439 -24620 N -t 1.2681 0.5664 -0.5037 222.8 - -
70 31 0027 Jul 07 13:40:37 10259 -24397 N -t 1.3501 0.4167 -0.6551 194.0 - -
71 32 0045 Jul 17 20:09:29 10081 -24174 N -t 1.4287 0.2737 -0.8003 159.3 - -
72 33 0063 Jul 29 02:46:05 9905 -23951 N -t 1.5007 0.1426 -0.9336 116.4 - -
73 34 0081 Aug 08 09:29:38 9730 -23728 Ne -t 1.5667 0.0230 -1.0558 47.3 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
