The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 57 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on -0823 Apr 16. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 0475 Jun 05. The total duration of Saros series 57 is 1298.17 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -0823 Apr 16 20:28:26 TD
Last Eclipse = 0475 Jun 05 11:32:25 TD
Duration of Saros 57 = 1298.17 Years
Saros 57 is composed of 73 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 57 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 73 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 15 | 20.5% |
| Partial | P | 41 | 56.2% |
| Total | T | 17 | 23.3% |
The 73 lunar eclipses in Saros 57 occur in the order of 7N 19P 17T 22P 8N which corresponds to:
7 Penumbral
19 Partial
17 Total
22 Partial
8 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 57 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: -0192 Apr 30 Duration = 01h39m50s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: -0066 Jul 15 Duration = 00h15m16s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -0372 Jan 12 Duration = 03h11m43s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0331 Mar 10 Duration = 00h27m31s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: -0715 Jun 20 Duration = 04h25m00s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 0475 Jun 05 Duration = 00h30m28s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 57 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -0372 Jan 12 Magnitude = 0.9856
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0331 Mar 10 Magnitude = 0.0154
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 57 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -35 -0823 Apr 16 20:28:26 22229 -34913 Nb t- -1.5586 0.0252 -1.0287 48.4 - -
02 -34 -0805 Apr 28 03:05:52 21926 -34690 N t- -1.4784 0.1702 -0.8793 123.6 - -
03 -33 -0787 May 08 09:39:44 21626 -34467 N t- -1.3943 0.3225 -0.7230 167.1 - -
04 -32 -0769 May 19 16:13:44 21327 -34244 N t- -1.3088 0.4775 -0.5643 199.7 - -
05 -31 -0751 May 29 22:47:48 21031 -34021 N t- -1.2218 0.6354 -0.4032 226.1 - -
06 -30 -0733 Jun 10 05:25:27 20736 -33798 N t- -1.1364 0.7909 -0.2450 247.4 - -
07 -29 -0715 Jun 20 12:07:09 20444 -33575 N t- -1.0530 0.9428 -0.0909 265.0 - -
08 -28 -0697 Jul 01 18:53:48 20154 -33352 P t- -0.9722 1.0901 0.0581 279.5 57.0 -
09 -27 -0679 Jul 12 01:48:08 19866 -33129 P t- -0.8966 1.2283 0.1976 291.2 102.6 -
10 -26 -0661 Jul 23 08:49:45 19580 -32906 P h- -0.8258 1.3576 0.3279 300.7 129.3 -
11 -25 -0643 Aug 02 16:01:09 19296 -32683 P h- -0.7618 1.4748 0.4456 308.1 147.6 -
12 -24 -0625 Aug 13 23:20:50 19014 -32460 P h- -0.7037 1.5812 0.5524 313.9 161.0 -
13 -23 -0607 Aug 24 06:52:12 18734 -32237 P a- -0.6543 1.6717 0.6431 318.2 170.6 -
14 -22 -0589 Sep 04 14:32:47 18456 -32014 P a- -0.6118 1.7498 0.7212 321.3 177.8 -
15 -21 -0571 Sep 14 22:24:32 18181 -31791 P a- -0.5775 1.8126 0.7841 323.4 182.8 -
16 -20 -0553 Sep 26 06:25:23 17907 -31568 P a- -0.5500 1.8630 0.8346 324.7 186.4 -
17 -19 -0535 Oct 06 14:36:48 17636 -31345 P a- -0.5302 1.8992 0.8713 325.3 188.6 -
18 -18 -0517 Oct 17 22:55:30 17366 -31122 P a- -0.5160 1.9248 0.8977 325.3 190.0 -
19 -17 -0499 Oct 28 07:21:33 17093 -30899 P a- -0.5069 1.9409 0.9149 324.9 190.6 -
20 -16 -0481 Nov 08 15:53:00 16774 -30676 P a- -0.5015 1.9500 0.9256 324.1 190.8 -
21 -15 -0463 Nov 19 00:29:39 16464 -30453 P a- -0.4994 1.9529 0.9307 323.1 190.6 -
22 -14 -0445 Nov 30 09:07:28 16163 -30230 P a- -0.4976 1.9548 0.9353 322.0 190.4 -
23 -13 -0427 Dec 10 17:46:32 15869 -30007 P a- -0.4960 1.9560 0.9399 320.9 190.2 -
24 -12 -0409 Dec 22 02:23:37 15584 -29784 P a- -0.4921 1.9612 0.9490 319.9 190.3 -
25 -11 -0390 Jan 01 10:59:28 15306 -29561 P a- -0.4863 1.9696 0.9617 319.0 190.7 -
26 -10 -0372 Jan 12 19:29:05 15034 -29338 P a- -0.4747 1.9885 0.9856 318.4 191.7 -
27 -09 -0354 Jan 23 03:55:05 14769 -29115 T a- -0.4593 2.0140 1.0163 318.1 193.1 19.4
28 -08 -0336 Feb 03 12:13:02 14511 -28892 T a- -0.4366 2.0529 1.0606 318.2 195.2 36.9
29 -07 -0318 Feb 13 20:25:32 14258 -28669 T a- -0.4089 2.1009 1.1142 318.5 197.6 49.7
30 -06 -0300 Feb 25 04:28:32 14010 -28446 T a- -0.3726 2.1647 1.1837 319.1 200.6 61.6
31 -05 -0282 Mar 07 12:26:14 13768 -28223 T p- -0.3312 2.2378 1.2624 319.8 203.5 71.6
32 -04 -0264 Mar 17 20:15:16 13532 -28000 T p- -0.2819 2.3256 1.3555 320.6 206.5 80.6
33 -03 -0246 Mar 29 03:58:25 13300 -27777 T- p- -0.2270 2.4237 1.4588 321.3 209.1 88.1
34 -02 -0228 Apr 08 11:34:41 13073 -27554 T- p- -0.1658 2.5336 1.5733 321.8 211.3 93.9
35 -01 -0210 Apr 19 19:07:03 12850 -27331 T- pp -0.1008 2.6509 1.6948 321.9 212.8 97.8
36 00 -0192 Apr 30 02:35:01 12632 -27108 T- pp -0.0313 2.7766 1.8241 321.5 213.4 99.8
37 01 -0174 May 11 09:59:53 12418 -26885 T+ pp 0.0414 2.7565 1.8071 320.6 213.1 99.6
38 02 -0156 May 21 17:23:21 12208 -26662 T+ pp 0.1157 2.6190 1.6719 319.0 211.6 97.0
39 03 -0138 Jun 02 00:46:22 12001 -26439 T+ -p 0.1907 2.4804 1.5351 316.8 209.0 91.7
40 04 -0120 Jun 12 08:10:00 11799 -26216 T+ -p 0.2655 2.3426 1.3984 314.0 205.2 83.3
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 05 -0102 Jun 23 15:35:33 11600 -25993 T -p 0.3391 2.2073 1.2635 310.5 200.3 70.9
42 06 -0084 Jul 03 23:04:37 11404 -25770 T -a 0.4099 2.0775 1.1335 306.5 194.3 52.6
43 07 -0066 Jul 15 06:38:24 11211 -25547 T -a 0.4767 1.9554 1.0105 302.2 187.5 15.3
44 08 -0048 Jul 25 14:16:35 11021 -25324 P -a 0.5399 1.8403 0.8939 297.6 179.9 -
45 09 -0030 Aug 05 22:01:46 10834 -25101 P -a 0.5972 1.7361 0.7878 293.0 171.9 -
46 10 -0012 Aug 16 05:53:14 10649 -24878 P -a 0.6492 1.6418 0.6911 288.4 163.5 -
47 11 0006 Aug 27 13:53:00 10467 -24655 P -a 0.6944 1.5603 0.6069 284.1 155.3 -
48 12 0024 Sep 06 21:59:30 10287 -24432 P -a 0.7339 1.4893 0.5329 280.1 147.2 -
49 13 0042 Sep 18 06:15:02 10109 -24209 P -a 0.7659 1.4322 0.4727 276.8 139.9 -
50 14 0060 Sep 28 14:37:59 9932 -23986 P -a 0.7918 1.3862 0.4235 274.1 133.4 -
51 15 0078 Oct 09 23:08:40 9757 -23763 P -a 0.8115 1.3515 0.3859 272.0 128.1 -
52 16 0096 Oct 20 07:46:06 9583 -23540 P -a 0.8257 1.3270 0.3583 270.6 124.0 -
53 17 0114 Oct 31 16:29:23 9410 -23317 P -a 0.8354 1.3105 0.3393 269.8 121.1 -
54 18 0132 Nov 11 01:17:25 9238 -23094 P -a 0.8409 1.3016 0.3280 269.5 119.4 -
55 19 0150 Nov 22 10:07:33 9067 -22871 P -a 0.8449 1.2952 0.3198 269.4 118.1 -
56 20 0168 Dec 02 19:00:20 8896 -22648 P -a 0.8466 1.2928 0.3159 269.6 117.6 -
57 21 0186 Dec 14 03:52:26 8725 -22425 P -a 0.8493 1.2884 0.3105 269.7 116.8 -
58 22 0204 Dec 24 12:43:10 8554 -22202 P -a 0.8527 1.2824 0.3040 269.7 115.8 -
59 23 0223 Jan 04 21:29:18 8382 -21979 P -a 0.8598 1.2695 0.2909 269.1 113.7 -
60 24 0241 Jan 15 06:11:26 8211 -21756 P -a 0.8699 1.2507 0.2724 268.1 110.5 -
61 25 0259 Jan 26 14:46:56 8039 -21533 P -a 0.8855 1.2219 0.2441 266.3 105.2 -
62 26 0277 Feb 05 23:15:03 7866 -21310 P -a 0.9069 1.1823 0.2052 263.6 97.2 -
63 27 0295 Feb 17 07:34:50 7693 -21087 P -a 0.9350 1.1304 0.1541 259.7 85.0 -
64 28 0313 Feb 27 15:46:26 7518 -20864 P -a 0.9693 1.0669 0.0914 254.6 66.2 -
65 29 0331 Mar 10 23:48:46 7343 -20641 P -a 1.0110 0.9902 0.0154 247.8 27.5 -
66 30 0349 Mar 21 07:42:07 7167 -20418 N -a 1.0597 0.9005 -0.0739 239.2 - -
67 31 0367 Apr 01 15:26:47 6991 -20195 N -a 1.1151 0.7989 -0.1753 228.3 - -
68 32 0385 Apr 11 23:03:56 6813 -19972 N -a 1.1760 0.6872 -0.2872 214.7 - -
69 33 0403 Apr 23 06:32:23 6635 -19749 N -a 1.2433 0.5640 -0.4110 197.5 - -
70 34 0421 May 03 13:55:13 6457 -19526 N -a 1.3143 0.4343 -0.5420 176.1 - -
71 35 0439 May 14 21:11:34 6278 -19303 N -a 1.3895 0.2972 -0.6808 148.1 - -
72 36 0457 May 25 04:24:55 6100 -19080 N -a 1.4663 0.1575 -0.8229 109.6 - -
73 37 0475 Jun 05 11:32:25 5923 -18857 Ne -a 1.5465 0.0118 -0.9715 30.5 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
