The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 100 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 0439 Dec 06. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 1846 Apr 11. The total duration of Saros series 100 is 1406.35 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0439 Dec 06 18:28:44 TD
Last Eclipse = 1846 Apr 11 18:11:36 TD
Duration of Saros 100 = 1406.35 Years
Saros 100 is composed of 79 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 100 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 79 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 35 | 44.3% |
| Partial | P | 15 | 19.0% |
| Total | T | 29 | 36.7% |
The 79 lunar eclipses in Saros 100 occur in the order of 15N 7P 29T 8P 20N which corresponds to:
15 Penumbral
7 Partial
29 Total
8 Partial
20 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 100 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: 1215 Mar 17 Duration = 01h38m43s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: 0836 Jul 31 Duration = 00h21m44s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0818 Jul 21 Duration = 03h04m15s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1485 Aug 25 Duration = 00h30m08s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 0692 May 06 Duration = 04h04m59s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 0439 Dec 06 Duration = 00h22m33s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 100 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1359 Jun 11 Magnitude = 0.9228
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1485 Aug 25 Magnitude = 0.0183
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 100 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -42 0439 Dec 06 18:28:44 6273 -19296 N a- 1.5720 0.0057 -1.0584 22.5 - -
02 -41 0457 Dec 17 02:49:24 6095 -19073 N a- 1.5642 0.0185 -1.0423 40.5 - -
03 -40 0475 Dec 28 11:11:04 5917 -18850 N a- 1.5564 0.0307 -1.0262 51.9 - -
04 -39 0494 Jan 07 19:29:20 5741 -18627 N a- 1.5456 0.0483 -1.0041 64.8 - -
05 -38 0512 Jan 19 03:44:14 5564 -18404 N a- 1.5313 0.0719 -0.9753 78.5 - -
06 -37 0530 Jan 29 11:53:03 5388 -18181 N a- 1.5117 0.1050 -0.9366 94.2 - -
07 -36 0548 Feb 09 19:56:47 5212 -17958 N a- 1.4871 0.1472 -0.8884 110.7 - -
08 -35 0566 Feb 20 03:53:05 5039 -17735 N a- 1.4558 0.2014 -0.8280 128.2 - -
09 -34 0584 Mar 02 11:42:34 4866 -17512 N a- 1.4183 0.2671 -0.7558 146.1 - -
10 -33 0602 Mar 13 19:24:44 4695 -17289 N a- 1.3739 0.3452 -0.6711 164.1 - -
11 -32 0620 Mar 24 03:00:44 4525 -17066 N a- 1.3235 0.4345 -0.5755 181.7 - -
12 -31 0638 Apr 04 10:29:18 4356 -16843 N a- 1.2660 0.5368 -0.4669 199.1 - -
13 -30 0656 Apr 14 17:53:08 4190 -16620 N a- 1.2035 0.6485 -0.3492 215.5 - -
14 -29 0674 Apr 26 01:11:35 4025 -16397 N a- 1.1354 0.7707 -0.2214 231.0 - -
15 -28 0692 May 06 08:27:53 3861 -16174 N a- 1.0645 0.8982 -0.0888 245.0 - -
16 -27 0710 May 17 15:39:32 3700 -15951 P a- 0.9885 1.0352 0.0528 258.1 51.8 -
17 -26 0728 May 27 22:51:52 3542 -15728 P a- 0.9121 1.1733 0.1950 269.6 97.3 -
18 -25 0746 Jun 08 06:02:24 3386 -15505 P a- 0.8329 1.3169 0.3421 279.9 125.8 -
19 -24 0764 Jun 18 13:15:57 3232 -15282 P a- 0.7555 1.4575 0.4856 288.6 146.2 -
20 -23 0782 Jun 29 20:30:03 3082 -15059 P a- 0.6776 1.5993 0.6296 296.1 162.3 -
21 -22 0800 Jul 10 03:50:05 2934 -14836 P a- 0.6037 1.7340 0.7660 302.2 174.5 -
22 -21 0818 Jul 21 11:13:59 2790 -14613 P a- 0.5321 1.8649 0.8979 307.2 184.2 -
23 -20 0836 Jul 31 18:44:36 2650 -14390 T a- 0.4654 1.9871 1.0207 311.2 191.7 21.7
24 -19 0854 Aug 12 02:21:32 2513 -14167 T a- 0.4033 2.1010 1.1347 314.2 197.3 53.4
25 -18 0872 Aug 22 10:06:58 2380 -13944 T a- 0.3477 2.2031 1.2364 316.4 201.5 68.4
26 -17 0890 Sep 02 18:00:35 2251 -13721 T p- 0.2983 2.2942 1.3268 318.0 204.4 77.7
27 -16 0908 Sep 13 02:02:20 2126 -13498 T+ p- 0.2550 2.3741 1.4057 319.1 206.5 84.0
28 -15 0926 Sep 24 10:13:22 2006 -13275 T+ p- 0.2190 2.4406 1.4711 319.8 207.9 88.1
29 -14 0944 Oct 04 18:32:45 1890 -13052 T+ p- 0.1896 2.4952 1.5246 320.1 208.8 90.8
30 -13 0962 Oct 16 03:00:36 1778 -12829 T+ p- 0.1670 2.5372 1.5655 320.3 209.2 92.5
31 -12 0980 Oct 26 11:35:12 1671 -12606 T+ p- 0.1498 2.5694 1.5967 320.3 209.5 93.6
32 -11 0998 Nov 06 20:16:42 1569 -12383 T+ p- 0.1379 2.5915 1.6181 320.2 209.5 94.2
33 -10 1016 Nov 17 05:02:51 1471 -12160 T+ p- 0.1298 2.6066 1.6328 320.0 209.5 94.6
34 -09 1034 Nov 28 13:52:33 1378 -11937 T+ p- 0.1246 2.6161 1.6422 319.7 209.4 94.8
35 -08 1052 Dec 08 22:44:34 1289 -11714 T+ p- 0.1212 2.6221 1.6486 319.5 209.3 94.9
36 -07 1070 Dec 20 07:37:34 1205 -11491 T+ p- 0.1190 2.6258 1.6531 319.2 209.3 95.0
37 -06 1088 Dec 30 16:29:04 1126 -11268 T+ p- 0.1152 2.6321 1.6608 319.0 209.3 95.2
38 -05 1107 Jan 11 01:17:57 1051 -11045 T+ p- 0.1092 2.6423 1.6726 318.8 209.4 95.5
39 -04 1125 Jan 21 10:02:47 980 -10822 T+ p- 0.0998 2.6585 1.6908 318.6 209.6 96.0
40 -03 1143 Feb 01 18:43:18 913 -10599 T+ p- 0.0870 2.6808 1.7154 318.5 209.9 96.7
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 -02 1161 Feb 12 03:16:14 851 -10376 T+ p- 0.0677 2.7150 1.7521 318.5 210.2 97.4
42 -01 1179 Feb 23 11:43:09 792 -10153 T+ pp 0.0435 2.7581 1.7978 318.5 210.6 98.1
43 00 1197 Mar 05 20:01:37 737 -9930 T+ pp 0.0119 2.8148 1.8571 318.4 210.9 98.7
44 01 1215 Mar 17 04:13:33 686 -9707 T- pp -0.0249 2.7896 1.8344 318.3 211.1 98.7
45 02 1233 Mar 27 12:15:38 638 -9484 T- pp -0.0700 2.7058 1.7529 318.0 210.8 98.0
46 03 1251 Apr 07 20:11:51 593 -9261 T- -p -0.1198 2.6134 1.6625 317.5 210.1 96.0
47 04 1269 Apr 18 03:59:31 551 -9038 T- -p -0.1768 2.5079 1.5585 316.5 208.6 92.4
48 05 1287 Apr 29 11:41:31 512 -8815 T- -p -0.2383 2.3946 1.4463 315.0 206.3 86.5
49 06 1305 May 09 19:16:38 476 -8592 T -p -0.3054 2.2711 1.3234 312.8 202.8 77.1
50 07 1323 May 21 02:48:09 442 -8369 T -a -0.3753 2.1430 1.1953 310.0 198.0 62.6
51 08 1341 May 31 10:15:31 409 -8146 T -a -0.4482 2.0095 1.0612 306.4 191.6 36.5
52 09 1359 Jun 11 17:39:47 379 -7923 P -a -0.5233 1.8723 0.9228 301.9 183.5 -
53 10 1377 Jun 22 01:02:58 351 -7700 P -a -0.5989 1.7346 0.7831 296.5 173.5 -
54 11 1395 Jul 03 08:26:04 324 -7477 P -a -0.6743 1.5974 0.6434 290.2 161.2 -
55 12 1413 Jul 13 15:50:27 299 -7254 P -a -0.7479 1.4639 0.5068 283.2 146.5 -
56 13 1431 Jul 24 23:16:42 275 -7031 P -a -0.8195 1.3344 0.3735 275.4 128.6 -
57 14 1449 Aug 04 06:47:06 252 -6808 P -a -0.8872 1.2124 0.2473 267.0 106.8 -
58 15 1467 Aug 15 14:22:17 231 -6585 P -a -0.9504 1.0988 0.1289 258.4 78.6 -
59 16 1485 Aug 25 22:01:58 211 -6362 P -a -1.0093 0.9933 0.0183 249.4 30.1 -
60 17 1503 Sep 06 05:48:25 192 -6139 N -a -1.0620 0.8993 -0.0811 240.6 - -
61 18 1521 Sep 16 13:41:13 174 -5916 N -a -1.1087 0.8166 -0.1695 232.1 - -
62 19 1539 Sep 27 21:41:55 158 -5693 N -a -1.1485 0.7464 -0.2455 224.4 - -
63 20 1557 Oct 08 05:47:56 144 -5470 N -a -1.1834 0.6853 -0.3122 217.2 - -
64 21 1575 Oct 19 14:02:17 132 -5247 N -a -1.2107 0.6380 -0.3652 211.4 - -
65 22 1593 Nov 08 22:22:02 121 -5024 N -a -1.2329 0.6000 -0.4086 206.6 - -
66 23 1611 Nov 20 06:48:14 105 -4801 N -a -1.2493 0.5724 -0.4411 203.1 - -
67 24 1629 Nov 30 15:17:32 79 -4578 N -a -1.2625 0.5505 -0.4676 200.4 - -
68 25 1647 Dec 11 23:51:13 52 -4355 N -a -1.2717 0.5357 -0.4864 198.7 - -
69 26 1665 Dec 22 08:25:41 28 -4132 N -a -1.2796 0.5230 -0.5028 197.3 - -
70 27 1684 Jan 02 17:00:34 12 -3909 N -a -1.2865 0.5119 -0.5169 196.1 - -
71 28 1702 Jan 14 01:33:37 8 -3686 N -a -1.2943 0.4988 -0.5324 194.5 - -
72 29 1720 Jan 25 10:04:09 10 -3463 N -a -1.3033 0.4832 -0.5498 192.3 - -
73 30 1738 Feb 04 18:29:02 11 -3240 N -a -1.3164 0.4597 -0.5747 188.6 - -
74 31 1756 Feb 16 02:47:53 14 -3017 N -a -1.3339 0.4282 -0.6071 183.2 - -
75 32 1774 Feb 26 10:58:53 16 -2794 N -a -1.3568 0.3865 -0.6494 175.3 - -
76 33 1792 Mar 08 19:02:23 16 -2571 N -a -1.3848 0.3351 -0.7011 164.5 - -
77 34 1810 Mar 21 02:54:49 12 -2348 N -a -1.4209 0.2689 -0.7674 148.7 - -
78 35 1828 Mar 31 10:38:46 8 -2125 N -h -1.4630 0.1917 -0.8446 126.9 - -
79 36 1846 Apr 11 18:11:36 6 -1902 N -h -1.5131 0.0998 -0.9366 92.6 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
