The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 110 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 0747 May 28. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 2027 Jul 18. The total duration of Saros series 110 is 1280.14 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0747 May 28 21:51:50 TD
Last Eclipse = 2027 Jul 18 16:04:09 TD
Duration of Saros 110 = 1280.14 Years
Saros 110 is composed of 72 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 110 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 72 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 16 | 22.2% |
| Partial | P | 43 | 59.7% |
| Total | T | 13 | 18.1% |
The 72 lunar eclipses in Saros 110 occur in the order of 8N 23P 13T 20P 8N which corresponds to:
8 Penumbral
23 Partial
13 Total
20 Partial
8 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 110 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: 1414 Jul 03 Duration = 01h43m08s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: 1306 Apr 29 Duration = 00h29m54s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1540 Sep 16 Duration = 03h22m22s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0891 Aug 23 Duration = 00h49m01s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 1901 May 03 Duration = 04h48m15s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 2027 Jul 18 Duration = 00h11m47s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 110 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1540 Sep 16 Magnitude = 0.9947
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 0891 Aug 23 Magnitude = 0.0513
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 110 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -37 0747 May 28 21:51:50 3377 -15493 Nb a- 1.5242 0.0320 -0.9101 47.7 - -
02 -36 0765 Jun 08 05:18:46 3224 -15270 N a- 1.4527 0.1626 -0.7784 106.1 - -
03 -35 0783 Jun 19 12:44:53 3074 -15047 N a- 1.3803 0.2953 -0.6453 141.1 - -
04 -34 0801 Jun 29 20:12:23 2926 -14824 N a- 1.3087 0.4267 -0.5141 167.5 - -
05 -33 0819 Jul 11 03:42:30 2782 -14601 N a- 1.2391 0.5550 -0.3868 188.6 - -
06 -32 0837 Jul 21 11:16:30 2642 -14378 N a- 1.1723 0.6782 -0.2651 206.0 - -
07 -31 0855 Aug 01 18:55:01 2506 -14155 N a- 1.1094 0.7948 -0.1506 220.5 - -
08 -30 0873 Aug 12 02:38:51 2373 -13932 N a- 1.0508 0.9036 -0.0444 232.7 - -
09 -29 0891 Aug 23 10:29:38 2244 -13709 P a- 0.9978 1.0023 0.0513 242.8 49.0 -
10 -28 0909 Sep 02 18:27:38 2120 -13486 P a- 0.9507 1.0904 0.1360 251.2 78.9 -
11 -27 0927 Sep 14 02:32:30 1999 -13263 P a- 0.9095 1.1678 0.2098 258.1 97.1 -
12 -26 0945 Sep 24 10:45:43 1884 -13040 P a- 0.8754 1.2324 0.2706 263.7 109.4 -
13 -25 0963 Oct 05 19:06:28 1772 -12817 P a- 0.8480 1.2846 0.3190 268.1 118.0 -
14 -24 0981 Oct 16 03:34:43 1666 -12594 P a- 0.8268 1.3253 0.3560 271.6 124.1 -
15 -23 0999 Oct 27 12:08:14 1563 -12371 P a- 0.8103 1.3574 0.3844 274.4 128.6 -
16 -22 1017 Nov 06 20:48:25 1466 -12148 P a- 0.7998 1.3784 0.4021 276.4 131.3 -
17 -21 1035 Nov 18 05:32:39 1373 -11925 P a- 0.7934 1.3918 0.4124 277.9 133.0 -
18 -20 1053 Nov 28 14:20:20 1285 -11702 P a- 0.7901 1.3991 0.4172 279.0 133.9 -
19 -19 1071 Dec 09 23:09:02 1201 -11479 P a- 0.7883 1.4035 0.4194 279.9 134.4 -
20 -18 1089 Dec 20 07:58:18 1122 -11256 P a- 0.7874 1.4060 0.4203 280.7 134.7 -
21 -17 1107 Dec 31 16:45:56 1047 -11033 P a- 0.7857 1.4097 0.4227 281.6 135.3 -
22 -16 1126 Jan 11 01:29:55 976 -10810 P a- 0.7818 1.4172 0.4296 282.7 136.5 -
23 -15 1144 Jan 22 10:09:46 910 -10587 P a- 0.7750 1.4299 0.4418 284.2 138.5 -
24 -14 1162 Feb 01 18:43:30 848 -10364 P a- 0.7638 1.4504 0.4622 286.2 141.6 -
25 -13 1180 Feb 13 03:10:08 789 -10141 P a- 0.7474 1.4805 0.4925 288.8 145.8 -
26 -12 1198 Feb 23 11:28:24 734 -9918 P a- 0.7245 1.5223 0.5345 292.1 151.3 -
27 -11 1216 Mar 05 19:38:20 683 -9695 P a- 0.6956 1.5752 0.5878 296.0 157.7 -
28 -10 1234 Mar 17 03:39:29 636 -9472 P a- 0.6601 1.6402 0.6531 300.5 165.0 -
29 -09 1252 Mar 27 11:30:34 591 -9249 P a- 0.6170 1.7193 0.7323 305.5 172.9 -
30 -08 1270 Apr 07 19:13:13 549 -9026 P a- 0.5674 1.8103 0.8231 310.8 181.1 -
31 -07 1288 Apr 18 02:46:56 510 -8803 P a- 0.5112 1.9137 0.9260 316.3 189.2 -
32 -06 1306 Apr 29 10:13:32 474 -8580 T a- 0.4499 2.0267 1.0381 321.7 196.9 29.9
33 -05 1324 May 09 17:31:33 440 -8357 T p- 0.3823 2.1514 1.1614 327.0 204.1 59.4
34 -04 1342 May 21 00:44:45 408 -8134 T p- 0.3114 2.2824 1.2905 331.8 210.3 76.6
35 -03 1360 May 31 07:51:57 378 -7911 T+ pp 0.2362 2.4218 1.4274 336.2 215.6 88.6
36 -02 1378 Jun 11 14:55:52 349 -7688 T+ pp 0.1591 2.5646 1.5673 339.8 219.6 96.7
37 -01 1396 Jun 21 21:56:41 323 -7465 T+ pp 0.0803 2.7111 1.7102 342.7 222.3 101.4
38 00 1414 Jul 03 04:57:15 298 -7242 T+ pp 0.0020 2.8567 1.8518 344.8 223.7 103.1
39 01 1432 Jul 13 11:58:17 274 -7019 T- pp -0.0751 2.7250 1.7154 346.1 223.7 101.9
40 02 1450 Jul 24 19:00:10 251 -6796 T- pp -0.1507 2.5888 1.5742 346.6 222.4 97.8
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 03 1468 Aug 04 02:06:04 230 -6573 T- -p -0.2221 2.4606 1.4404 346.4 220.0 90.8
42 04 1486 Aug 15 09:15:15 210 -6350 T -p -0.2900 2.3389 1.3130 345.7 216.5 80.5
43 05 1504 Aug 25 16:30:40 191 -6127 T -a -0.3518 2.2287 1.1966 344.6 212.3 66.5
44 06 1522 Sep 05 23:50:39 173 -5904 T -a -0.4089 2.1270 1.0887 343.1 207.4 46.4
45 07 1540 Sep 16 07:18:56 157 -5681 P -a -0.4584 2.0394 0.9947 341.6 202.4 -
46 08 1558 Sep 27 14:53:07 143 -5458 P -a -0.5022 1.9621 0.9112 340.1 197.2 -
47 09 1576 Oct 07 22:35:11 131 -5235 P -a -0.5385 1.8987 0.8417 338.9 192.4 -
48 10 1594 Oct 29 06:23:44 121 -5012 P -a -0.5687 1.8462 0.7833 337.9 188.0 -
49 11 1612 Nov 08 14:19:56 104 -4789 P -h -0.5915 1.8071 0.7387 337.3 184.5 -
50 12 1630 Nov 19 22:20:56 78 -4566 P -h -0.6100 1.7757 0.7024 336.9 181.4 -
51 13 1648 Nov 30 06:26:42 51 -4343 P -h -0.6238 1.7525 0.6748 336.9 179.0 -
52 14 1666 Dec 11 14:35:36 27 -4120 P -h -0.6344 1.7350 0.6536 337.0 177.2 -
53 15 1684 Dec 21 22:47:25 11 -3897 P -h -0.6415 1.7234 0.6389 337.4 176.0 -
54 16 1703 Jan 03 06:58:07 8 -3674 P -h -0.6493 1.7103 0.6236 337.6 174.7 -
55 17 1721 Jan 13 15:08:19 10 -3451 P -t -0.6568 1.6972 0.6089 337.6 173.4 -
56 18 1739 Jan 24 23:14:14 11 -3228 P -t -0.6674 1.6783 0.5892 337.2 171.5 -
57 19 1757 Feb 04 07:16:54 14 -3005 P -t -0.6801 1.6551 0.5658 336.5 169.0 -
58 20 1775 Feb 15 15:10:58 16 -2782 P -t -0.6990 1.6202 0.5314 334.8 165.0 -
59 21 1793 Feb 25 22:59:34 16 -2559 P -t -0.7218 1.5777 0.4899 332.5 159.7 -
60 22 1811 Mar 10 06:37:39 12 -2336 P -t -0.7527 1.5205 0.4340 329.0 151.9 -
61 23 1829 Mar 20 14:08:14 8 -2113 P -t -0.7891 1.4527 0.3680 324.5 141.5 -
62 24 1847 Mar 31 21:27:03 6 -1890 P -t -0.8345 1.3684 0.2856 318.2 126.4 -
63 25 1865 Apr 11 04:38:10 6 -1667 P -t -0.8856 1.2736 0.1929 310.4 105.4 -
64 26 1883 Apr 22 11:38:29 -6 -1444 P -t -0.9448 1.1639 0.0853 300.5 71.3 -
65 27 1901 May 03 18:30:38 -1 -1221 Nx -t -1.0101 1.0431 -0.0334 288.2 - -
66 28 1919 May 15 01:14:00 21 -998 N -t -1.0820 0.9103 -0.1644 273.1 - -
67 29 1937 May 25 07:51:34 24 -775 N -t -1.1581 0.7697 -0.3033 254.7 - -
68 30 1955 Jun 05 14:23:23 31 -552 N -t -1.2383 0.6218 -0.4498 232.3 - -
69 31 1973 Jun 15 20:50:41 44 -329 N -t -1.3216 0.4685 -0.6020 204.6 - -
70 32 1991 Jun 27 03:15:41 58 -106 N -t -1.4063 0.3126 -0.7572 169.5 - -
71 33 2009 Jul 07 09:39:43 66 117 N -t -1.4915 0.1562 -0.9133 121.5 - -
72 34 2027 Jul 18 16:04:09 76 340 Ne -t -1.5758 0.0014 -1.0680 11.8 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
