The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 135 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 1615 Apr 13. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 2877 May 18. The total duration of Saros series 135 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 1615 Apr 13 19:38:31 TD
Last Eclipse = 2877 May 18 12:53:08 TD
Duration of Saros 135 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 135 is composed of 71 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 135 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 31 | 43.7% |
| Partial | P | 17 | 23.9% |
| Total | T | 23 | 32.4% |
The 71 lunar eclipses in Saros 135 occur in the order of 9N 10P 23T 7P 22N which corresponds to:
9 Penumbral
10 Partial
23 Total
7 Partial
22 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 135 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: 2264 May 12 Duration = 01h46m13s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: 1957 Nov 07 Duration = 00h27m57s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1939 Oct 28 Duration = 03h23m22s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 2480 Sep 19 Duration = 00h46m50s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 2498 Sep 30 Duration = 04h42m27s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 1615 Apr 13 Duration = 00h55m38s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 135 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1939 Oct 28 Magnitude = 0.9877
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 2480 Sep 19 Magnitude = 0.0366
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 135 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -36 1615 Apr 13 19:38:31 100 -4759 Nb a- -1.5327 0.0399 -0.9488 55.6 - -
02 -35 1633 Apr 24 03:17:46 74 -4536 N a- -1.4852 0.1271 -0.8619 98.9 - -
03 -34 1651 May 05 10:48:41 47 -4313 N a- -1.4321 0.2249 -0.7647 130.8 - -
04 -33 1669 May 15 18:11:57 24 -4090 N h- -1.3734 0.3332 -0.6575 158.2 - -
05 -32 1687 May 27 01:28:13 10 -3867 N h- -1.3095 0.4512 -0.5410 182.7 - -
06 -31 1705 Jun 07 08:39:03 9 -3644 N h- -1.2419 0.5763 -0.4180 204.8 - -
07 -30 1723 Jun 18 15:45:35 10 -3421 N t- -1.1715 0.7068 -0.2902 224.8 - -
08 -29 1741 Jun 28 22:47:45 12 -3198 N t- -1.0981 0.8430 -0.1571 243.1 - -
09 -28 1759 Jul 10 05:48:57 14 -2975 N t- -1.0246 0.9797 -0.0240 259.5 - -
10 -27 1777 Jul 20 12:48:46 17 -2752 P t- -0.9508 1.1173 0.1093 274.3 75.8 -
11 -26 1795 Jul 31 19:50:34 15 -2529 P t- -0.8791 1.2513 0.2387 287.3 110.4 -
12 -25 1813 Aug 12 02:52:49 12 -2306 P t- -0.8085 1.3834 0.3655 299.0 134.5 -
13 -24 1831 Aug 23 09:59:56 7 -2083 P t- -0.7428 1.5067 0.4833 309.1 152.4 -
14 -23 1849 Sep 02 17:10:17 7 -1860 P t- -0.6806 1.6238 0.5945 317.9 166.6 -
15 -22 1867 Sep 14 00:26:27 3 -1637 P t- -0.6239 1.7309 0.6956 325.5 177.8 -
16 -21 1885 Sep 24 07:48:12 -6 -1414 P t- -0.5725 1.8284 0.7867 332.0 186.7 -
17 -20 1903 Oct 06 15:17:33 2 -1191 P t- -0.5280 1.9133 0.8654 337.5 193.7 -
18 -19 1921 Oct 16 22:53:59 22 -968 P t- -0.4902 1.9858 0.9317 342.1 199.1 -
19 -18 1939 Oct 28 06:36:43 24 -745 P t- -0.4581 2.0477 0.9877 346.1 203.4 -
20 -17 1957 Nov 07 14:27:30 32 -522 T t- -0.4332 2.0963 1.0305 349.3 206.5 27.9
21 -16 1975 Nov 18 22:24:12 46 -299 T p- -0.4134 2.1352 1.0642 352.1 209.0 40.2
22 -15 1993 Nov 29 06:27:06 60 -76 T p- -0.3994 2.1633 1.0876 354.4 210.8 46.7
23 -14 2011 Dec 10 14:32:56 68 147 T p- -0.3882 2.1860 1.1061 356.4 212.2 51.1
24 -13 2029 Dec 20 22:43:12 78 370 T p- -0.3811 2.2008 1.1174 358.0 213.3 53.7
25 -12 2048 Jan 01 06:53:55 91 593 T p- -0.3745 2.2141 1.1280 359.4 214.3 55.9
26 -11 2066 Jan 11 15:04:47 126 816 T p- -0.3687 2.2259 1.1378 360.7 215.2 57.9
27 -10 2084 Jan 22 23:13:00 166 1039 T p- -0.3610 2.2407 1.1513 362.0 216.3 60.5
28 -09 2102 Feb 03 07:18:21 207 1262 T p- -0.3514 2.2585 1.1686 363.2 217.5 63.6
29 -08 2120 Feb 14 15:17:20 251 1485 T p- -0.3371 2.2848 1.1950 364.6 219.1 67.9
30 -07 2138 Feb 24 23:09:56 297 1708 T p- -0.3178 2.3198 1.2306 366.1 221.1 73.1
31 -06 2156 Mar 07 06:54:14 341 1931 T p- -0.2922 2.3663 1.2782 367.7 223.5 79.0
32 -05 2174 Mar 18 14:30:50 381 2154 T- pp -0.2605 2.4236 1.3371 369.4 226.0 85.2
33 -04 2192 Mar 28 21:56:24 423 2377 T- pp -0.2202 2.4966 1.4120 371.1 228.8 91.6
34 -03 2210 Apr 10 05:13:49 467 2600 T- pp -0.1736 2.5812 1.4985 372.7 231.3 97.3
35 -02 2228 Apr 20 12:20:32 513 2823 T- pp -0.1184 2.6812 1.6007 374.0 233.6 102.1
36 -01 2246 May 01 19:20:11 561 3046 T- pp -0.0575 2.7920 1.7136 374.9 235.2 105.2
37 00 2264 May 12 02:08:52 611 3269 T+ pp 0.0121 2.8742 1.7979 375.2 235.8 106.2
38 01 2282 May 23 08:52:42 663 3492 T+ pp 0.0856 2.7385 1.6640 374.6 235.1 104.4
39 02 2300 Jun 03 15:28:06 717 3715 T+ pp 0.1655 2.5911 1.5183 373.1 232.8 99.0
40 03 2318 Jun 14 22:00:42 773 3938 T+ pp 0.2477 2.4395 1.3681 370.4 228.8 88.9
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 04 2336 Jun 25 04:27:14 832 4161 T -t 0.3347 2.2794 1.2090 366.4 222.5 71.0
42 05 2354 Jul 06 10:53:56 892 4384 T -t 0.4214 2.1198 1.0501 361.2 214.0 36.7
43 06 2372 Jul 16 17:18:29 955 4607 P -t 0.5095 1.9581 0.8887 354.5 202.8 -
44 07 2390 Jul 27 23:44:46 1019 4830 P -t 0.5961 1.7992 0.7298 346.7 188.9 -
45 08 2408 Aug 07 06:12:58 1086 5053 P -t 0.6809 1.6438 0.5740 337.6 171.8 -
46 09 2426 Aug 18 12:46:04 1155 5276 P -t 0.7614 1.4963 0.4258 327.5 151.4 -
47 10 2444 Aug 28 19:24:50 1226 5499 P -t 0.8375 1.3572 0.2857 316.7 126.5 -
48 11 2462 Sep 09 02:10:01 1298 5722 P -t 0.9084 1.2278 0.1551 305.3 94.9 -
49 12 2480 Sep 19 09:03:33 1373 5945 P -t 0.9726 1.1107 0.0366 293.8 46.8 -
50 13 2498 Sep 30 16:05:36 1450 6168 Nx -t 1.0300 1.0062 -0.0694 282.4 - -
51 14 2516 Oct 11 23:17:01 1530 6391 N -t 1.0802 0.9148 -0.1624 271.5 - -
52 15 2534 Oct 23 06:38:03 1611 6614 N -t 1.1230 0.8370 -0.2416 261.5 - -
53 16 2552 Nov 02 14:09:22 1694 6837 N -t 1.1581 0.7731 -0.3067 252.5 - -
54 17 2570 Nov 13 21:50:12 1779 7060 N -t 1.1859 0.7227 -0.3581 245.0 - -
55 18 2588 Nov 24 05:39:09 1867 7283 N -t 1.2078 0.6828 -0.3986 238.6 - -
56 19 2606 Dec 06 13:36:27 1956 7506 N -t 1.2234 0.6542 -0.4274 233.7 - -
57 20 2624 Dec 16 21:40:25 2048 7729 N -t 1.2345 0.6336 -0.4476 230.0 - -
58 21 2642 Dec 28 05:49:29 2141 7952 N -t 1.2419 0.6196 -0.4605 227.2 - -
59 22 2661 Jan 07 14:01:35 2237 8175 N -t 1.2474 0.6087 -0.4697 224.8 - -
60 23 2679 Jan 18 22:16:02 2335 8398 N -t 1.2515 0.5998 -0.4762 222.7 - -
61 24 2697 Jan 29 06:31:11 2435 8621 N -t 1.2559 0.5902 -0.4828 220.4 - -
62 25 2715 Feb 10 14:44:02 2536 8844 N -t 1.2626 0.5760 -0.4931 217.3 - -
63 26 2733 Feb 20 22:54:49 2640 9067 N -t 1.2716 0.5573 -0.5075 213.3 - -
64 27 2751 Mar 04 07:00:48 2746 9290 N -t 1.2850 0.5303 -0.5295 207.8 - -
65 28 2769 Mar 14 15:02:24 2855 9513 N -t 1.3025 0.4953 -0.5591 200.7 - -
66 29 2787 Mar 25 22:56:42 2965 9736 N -t 1.3267 0.4481 -0.6005 191.0 - -
67 30 2805 Apr 05 06:45:50 3077 9959 N -t 1.3557 0.3919 -0.6507 178.8 - -
68 31 2823 Apr 16 14:27:27 3191 10182 N -t 1.3911 0.3237 -0.7127 162.8 - -
69 32 2841 Apr 26 22:02:28 3308 10405 N -t 1.4326 0.2445 -0.7856 141.9 - -
70 33 2859 May 08 05:30:26 3426 10628 N -t 1.4800 0.1543 -0.8695 113.1 - -
71 34 2877 May 18 12:53:08 3547 10851 Ne -t 1.5321 0.0556 -0.9623 68.2 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
