The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 140 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 1597 Sep 25. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 2968 Jan 06. The total duration of Saros series 140 is 1370.29 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 1597 Sep 25 13:40:53 TD
Last Eclipse = 2968 Jan 06 21:40:03 TD
Duration of Saros 140 = 1370.29 Years
Saros 140 is composed of 77 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 140 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 77 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 34 | 44.2% |
| Partial | P | 15 | 19.5% |
| Total | T | 28 | 36.4% |
The 77 lunar eclipses in Saros 140 occur in the order of 20N 8P 28T 7P 14N which corresponds to:
20 Penumbral
8 Partial
28 Total
7 Partial
14 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 140 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: 2264 Nov 04 Duration = 01h38m36s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: 2102 Jul 30 Duration = 00h31m19s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 2607 Jun 02 Duration = 03h13m02s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1958 May 03 Duration = 00h21m02s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 2733 Aug 17 Duration = 04h20m49s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 2968 Jan 06 Duration = 00h36m57s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 140 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 2607 Jun 02 Magnitude = 0.9923
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 1958 May 03 Magnitude = 0.0092
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 140 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -37 1597 Sep 25 13:40:53 120 -4976 N a- 1.5117 0.0922 -0.9238 86.7 - -
02 -36 1615 Oct 06 21:30:17 100 -4753 N a- 1.4676 0.1730 -0.8429 117.5 - -
03 -35 1633 Oct 17 05:29:19 73 -4530 N a- 1.4306 0.2407 -0.7750 137.3 - -
04 -34 1651 Oct 28 13:37:37 46 -4307 N a- 1.4003 0.2963 -0.7192 151.1 - -
05 -33 1669 Nov 07 21:54:08 23 -4084 N a- 1.3760 0.3406 -0.6745 160.9 - -
06 -32 1687 Nov 19 06:18:50 10 -3861 N a- 1.3575 0.3742 -0.6401 167.6 - -
07 -31 1705 Nov 30 14:50:04 9 -3638 N a- 1.3439 0.3987 -0.6145 172.0 - -
08 -30 1723 Dec 11 23:25:51 10 -3415 N a- 1.3333 0.4173 -0.5944 175.2 - -
09 -29 1741 Dec 22 08:05:41 12 -3192 N a- 1.3256 0.4305 -0.5792 177.1 - -
10 -28 1760 Jan 02 16:47:25 14 -2969 N a- 1.3191 0.4411 -0.5661 178.6 - -
11 -27 1778 Jan 13 01:29:24 17 -2746 N a- 1.3124 0.4519 -0.5522 180.0 - -
12 -26 1796 Jan 24 10:09:20 15 -2523 N a- 1.3035 0.4664 -0.5341 182.0 - -
13 -25 1814 Feb 04 18:47:01 12 -2300 N a- 1.2926 0.4843 -0.5122 184.5 - -
14 -24 1832 Feb 16 03:20:41 7 -2077 N a- 1.2783 0.5083 -0.4838 188.0 - -
15 -23 1850 Feb 26 11:48:11 7 -1854 N a- 1.2587 0.5420 -0.4453 192.8 - -
16 -22 1868 Mar 08 20:09:48 3 -1631 N a- 1.2339 0.5850 -0.3975 198.9 - -
17 -21 1886 Mar 20 04:24:16 -6 -1408 N a- 1.2029 0.6393 -0.3381 206.1 - -
18 -20 1904 Mar 31 12:32:28 3 -1185 N a- 1.1665 0.7036 -0.2688 214.2 - -
19 -19 1922 Apr 11 20:32:12 23 -962 N a- 1.1228 0.7812 -0.1863 223.2 - -
20 -18 1940 Apr 22 04:26:25 25 -739 N a- 1.0741 0.8683 -0.0945 232.5 - -
21 -17 1958 May 03 12:13:29 32 -516 P a- 1.0188 0.9676 0.0092 242.2 21.0 -
22 -16 1976 May 13 19:55:08 47 -293 P a- 0.9585 1.0761 0.1217 251.8 75.4 -
23 -15 1994 May 25 03:31:20 60 -70 P a- 0.8933 1.1941 0.2432 261.2 104.6 -
24 -14 2012 Jun 04 11:04:20 68 153 P a- 0.8247 1.3183 0.3704 270.0 126.6 -
25 -13 2030 Jun 15 18:34:34 78 376 P a- 0.7534 1.4480 0.5025 278.2 144.4 -
26 -12 2048 Jun 26 02:02:28 92 599 P a- 0.6796 1.5825 0.6388 285.7 159.2 -
27 -11 2066 Jul 07 09:30:29 127 822 P a- 0.6055 1.7179 0.7753 292.3 171.3 -
28 -10 2084 Jul 17 16:58:51 167 1045 P a- 0.5312 1.8540 0.9119 298.1 181.4 -
29 -09 2102 Jul 30 00:29:10 209 1268 T a- 0.4586 1.9873 1.0451 303.0 189.5 31.3
30 -08 2120 Aug 09 08:01:32 252 1491 T a- 0.3875 2.1182 1.1751 307.1 195.9 59.3
31 -07 2138 Aug 20 15:38:46 298 1714 T p- 0.3204 2.2421 1.2977 310.4 200.9 74.3
32 -06 2156 Aug 30 23:20:37 342 1937 T+ p- 0.2569 2.3595 1.4132 313.0 204.6 83.9
33 -05 2174 Sep 11 07:08:03 382 2160 T+ p- 0.1982 2.4683 1.5197 315.0 207.3 90.3
34 -04 2192 Sep 21 15:02:17 424 2383 T+ p- 0.1453 2.5668 1.6154 316.5 209.1 94.4
35 -03 2210 Oct 03 23:03:49 468 2606 T+ p- 0.0988 2.6537 1.6993 317.6 210.2 96.8
36 -02 2228 Oct 14 07:13:09 514 2829 T+ pp 0.0586 2.7290 1.7713 318.5 210.8 98.0
37 -01 2246 Oct 25 15:28:38 562 3052 T+ pp 0.0236 2.7950 1.8339 319.2 211.1 98.6
38 00 2264 Nov 04 23:52:49 612 3275 T- pp -0.0039 2.8330 1.8685 319.8 211.2 98.6
39 01 2282 Nov 16 08:23:04 664 3498 T- pp -0.0260 2.7939 1.8261 320.3 211.2 98.4
40 02 2300 Nov 27 17:00:33 719 3721 T- -p -0.0421 2.7660 1.7950 320.8 211.2 98.1
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 03 2318 Dec 09 01:41:59 775 3944 T- -p -0.0546 2.7445 1.7707 321.3 211.2 97.8
42 04 2336 Dec 19 10:28:54 833 4167 T- -p -0.0624 2.7315 1.7552 321.9 211.3 97.6
43 05 2354 Dec 30 19:17:27 894 4390 T- -p -0.0685 2.7214 1.7430 322.5 211.4 97.5
44 06 2373 Jan 10 04:07:33 956 4613 T- -p -0.0728 2.7144 1.7343 323.0 211.6 97.4
45 07 2391 Jan 21 12:56:41 1021 4836 T- -p -0.0775 2.7063 1.7249 323.6 211.8 97.3
46 08 2409 Jan 31 21:44:38 1088 5059 T- -p -0.0827 2.6972 1.7150 324.2 212.0 97.3
47 09 2427 Feb 12 06:28:08 1157 5282 T- -p -0.0913 2.6817 1.6991 324.7 212.2 97.1
48 10 2445 Feb 22 15:07:08 1227 5505 T- -p -0.1033 2.6598 1.6771 325.2 212.4 96.7
49 11 2463 Mar 05 23:39:34 1300 5728 T- -p -0.1201 2.6287 1.6462 325.5 212.5 96.1
50 12 2481 Mar 16 08:06:00 1375 5951 T- -p -0.1415 2.5893 1.6072 325.8 212.3 95.0
51 13 2499 Mar 27 16:22:54 1453 6174 T- -p -0.1705 2.5359 1.5542 325.9 211.9 93.1
52 14 2517 Apr 08 00:32:52 1532 6397 T- -p -0.2048 2.4726 1.4914 325.8 211.1 90.2
53 15 2535 Apr 19 08:33:01 1613 6620 T- -p -0.2470 2.3950 1.4141 325.3 209.6 85.6
54 16 2553 Apr 29 16:26:25 1696 6843 T -p -0.2942 2.3083 1.3276 324.4 207.4 78.8
55 17 2571 May 11 00:09:06 1782 7066 T -a -0.3498 2.2064 1.2255 322.8 204.0 67.9
56 18 2589 May 21 07:46:01 1869 7289 T -a -0.4096 2.0969 1.1156 320.5 199.4 50.5
57 19 2607 Jun 02 15:13:55 1959 7512 P -a -0.4765 1.9746 0.9923 317.3 193.0 -
58 20 2625 Jun 12 22:36:39 2050 7735 P -a -0.5468 1.8464 0.8628 313.2 184.8 -
59 21 2643 Jun 24 05:52:24 2144 7958 P -a -0.6220 1.7093 0.7237 307.8 173.8 -
60 22 2661 Jul 04 13:05:13 2240 8181 P -a -0.6987 1.5698 0.5818 301.2 160.0 -
61 23 2679 Jul 15 20:14:10 2337 8404 P -a -0.7779 1.4261 0.4350 293.3 142.0 -
62 24 2697 Jul 26 03:21:15 2437 8627 P -a -0.8574 1.2820 0.2873 283.9 118.4 -
63 25 2715 Aug 07 10:27:45 2539 8850 P -a -0.9365 1.1390 0.1402 273.1 84.7 -
64 26 2733 Aug 17 17:35:07 2643 9073 N -a -1.0138 0.9994 -0.0040 260.8 - -
65 27 2751 Aug 29 00:44:37 2749 9296 N -a -1.0883 0.8653 -0.1432 247.2 - -
66 28 2769 Sep 08 07:56:48 2858 9519 N -a -1.1596 0.7373 -0.2767 232.3 - -
67 29 2787 Sep 19 15:14:14 2968 9742 N -a -1.2257 0.6188 -0.4009 216.3 - -
68 30 2805 Sep 29 22:36:36 3080 9965 N -a -1.2869 0.5096 -0.5162 199.3 - -
69 31 2823 Oct 11 06:05:12 3194 10188 N -a -1.3420 0.4116 -0.6203 181.6 - -
70 32 2841 Oct 21 13:40:22 3311 10411 N -a -1.3909 0.3250 -0.7133 163.4 - -
71 33 2859 Nov 01 21:23:01 3429 10634 N -a -1.4327 0.2514 -0.7930 145.3 - -
72 34 2877 Nov 12 05:12:17 3550 10857 N -a -1.4686 0.1885 -0.8619 127.1 - -
73 35 2895 Nov 23 13:07:29 3673 11080 N -a -1.4989 0.1358 -0.9203 108.9 - -
74 36 2913 Dec 04 21:09:04 3797 11303 N -a -1.5232 0.0940 -0.9675 91.3 - -
75 37 2931 Dec 16 05:16:05 3924 11526 N -a -1.5420 0.0619 -1.0044 74.6 - -
76 38 2949 Dec 26 13:26:38 4053 11749 N -h -1.5575 0.0357 -1.0349 56.9 - -
77 39 2968 Jan 06 21:40:03 4184 11972 N -h -1.5698 0.0149 -1.0594 36.9 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
