The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 142 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 1709 Sep 19. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 3007 Nov 17. The total duration of Saros series 142 is 1298.17 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 1709 Sep 19 00:30:48 TD
Last Eclipse = 3007 Nov 17 00:06:57 TD
Duration of Saros 142 = 1298.17 Years
Saros 142 is composed of 73 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 142 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 73 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 31 | 42.5% |
| Partial | P | 16 | 21.9% |
| Total | T | 26 | 35.6% |
The 73 lunar eclipses in Saros 142 occur in the order of 21N 7P 26T 9P 10N which corresponds to:
21 Penumbral
7 Partial
26 Total
9 Partial
10 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 142 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: 2304 Sep 15 Duration = 01h43m54s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: 2665 Apr 21 Duration = 00h28m28s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 2196 Jul 10 Duration = 03h25m47s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 2827 Jul 29 Duration = 00h23m53s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 2070 Apr 25 Duration = 04h46m55s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 3007 Nov 17 Duration = 00h43m01s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 142 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 2196 Jul 10 Magnitude = 0.9960
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 2827 Jul 29 Magnitude = 0.0119
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 142 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -33 1709 Sep 19 00:30:48 9 -3591 Nb t- 1.5439 0.0642 -1.0136 78.2 - -
02 -32 1727 Sep 30 07:40:13 10 -3368 N t- 1.4949 0.1565 -0.9259 121.5 - -
03 -31 1745 Oct 10 14:56:57 12 -3145 N t- 1.4515 0.2385 -0.8485 149.2 - -
04 -30 1763 Oct 21 22:22:45 15 -2922 N t- 1.4153 0.3071 -0.7842 168.6 - -
05 -29 1781 Nov 01 05:56:11 17 -2699 N t- 1.3850 0.3646 -0.7308 183.0 - -
06 -28 1799 Nov 12 13:38:20 14 -2476 N t- 1.3618 0.4090 -0.6897 193.4 - -
07 -27 1817 Nov 23 21:26:57 12 -2253 N t- 1.3435 0.4441 -0.6577 201.1 - -
08 -26 1835 Dec 05 05:20:19 6 -2030 N t- 1.3290 0.4717 -0.6322 206.9 - -
09 -25 1853 Dec 15 13:18:43 7 -1807 N t- 1.3186 0.4917 -0.6138 211.0 - -
10 -24 1871 Dec 26 21:19:33 -1 -1584 N t- 1.3105 0.5068 -0.5995 213.9 - -
11 -23 1890 Jan 06 05:21:26 -6 -1361 N t- 1.3029 0.5209 -0.5854 216.6 - -
12 -22 1908 Jan 18 13:21:36 8 -1138 N t- 1.2939 0.5370 -0.5685 219.5 - -
13 -21 1926 Jan 28 21:20:24 24 -915 N t- 1.2836 0.5551 -0.5488 222.6 - -
14 -20 1944 Feb 09 05:14:57 26 -692 N t- 1.2698 0.5792 -0.5223 226.7 - -
15 -19 1962 Feb 19 13:03:42 34 -469 N t- 1.2511 0.6120 -0.4865 231.9 - -
16 -18 1980 Mar 01 20:46:03 51 -246 N t- 1.2269 0.6545 -0.4405 238.5 - -
17 -17 1998 Mar 13 04:21:08 63 -23 N t- 1.1964 0.7086 -0.3824 246.4 - -
18 -16 2016 Mar 23 11:48:21 70 200 N t- 1.1591 0.7747 -0.3118 255.4 - -
19 -15 2034 Apr 03 19:06:59 80 423 N t- 1.1144 0.8545 -0.2274 265.4 - -
20 -14 2052 Apr 14 02:18:06 98 646 N t- 1.0628 0.9466 -0.1305 276.0 - -
21 -13 2070 Apr 25 09:21:24 135 869 Nx t- 1.0044 1.0515 -0.0209 286.9 - -
22 -12 2088 May 05 16:16:50 175 1092 P t- 0.9387 1.1695 0.1019 297.9 77.1 -
23 -11 2106 May 17 23:06:43 218 1315 P t- 0.8677 1.2975 0.2345 308.4 114.5 -
24 -10 2124 May 28 05:50:59 262 1538 P t- 0.7913 1.4356 0.3770 318.4 141.9 -
25 -09 2142 Jun 08 12:32:42 308 1761 P t- 0.7118 1.5794 0.5247 327.2 163.2 -
26 -08 2160 Jun 18 19:10:10 350 1984 P t- 0.6280 1.7313 0.6804 335.2 180.8 -
27 -07 2178 Jun 30 01:48:39 391 2207 P t- 0.5438 1.8841 0.8364 341.8 194.6 -
28 -06 2196 Jul 10 08:26:05 433 2430 P t- 0.4577 2.0407 0.9960 347.3 205.8 -
29 -05 2214 Jul 22 15:06:54 477 2653 T t- 0.3734 2.1941 1.1518 351.4 214.2 60.4
30 -04 2232 Aug 01 21:49:49 524 2876 T t- 0.2898 2.3464 1.3061 354.3 220.4 81.1
31 -03 2250 Aug 13 04:39:38 572 3099 T+ pp 0.2108 2.4907 1.4520 356.0 224.5 92.9
32 -02 2268 Aug 23 11:34:51 623 3322 T+ pp 0.1351 2.6290 1.5915 356.7 226.9 99.8
33 -01 2286 Sep 03 18:37:54 675 3545 T+ pp 0.0648 2.7576 1.7209 356.6 227.8 103.2
34 00 2304 Sep 15 01:48:59 730 3768 T+ pp 0.0003 2.8756 1.8394 355.7 227.6 103.9
35 01 2322 Sep 26 09:09:54 787 3991 T- pp -0.0568 2.7718 1.7360 354.3 226.5 102.8
36 02 2340 Oct 06 16:39:55 846 4214 T- pp -0.1074 2.6788 1.6431 352.6 224.9 100.4
37 03 2358 Oct 18 00:19:34 907 4437 T- pp -0.1509 2.5990 1.5634 350.7 222.9 97.2
38 04 2376 Oct 28 08:09:00 970 4660 T- pp -0.1871 2.5326 1.4971 348.7 220.9 93.7
39 05 2394 Nov 08 16:08:09 1035 4883 T- pp -0.2159 2.4796 1.4443 346.8 218.9 90.3
40 06 2412 Nov 19 00:15:25 1102 5106 T- -p -0.2386 2.4377 1.4030 345.0 217.1 87.1
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 07 2430 Nov 30 08:31:15 1171 5329 T- -p -0.2548 2.4076 1.3735 343.3 215.5 84.6
42 08 2448 Dec 10 16:53:19 1243 5552 T- -p -0.2667 2.3852 1.3524 341.7 214.2 82.6
43 09 2466 Dec 22 01:21:41 1316 5775 T -p -0.2740 2.3710 1.3398 340.3 213.2 81.3
44 10 2485 Jan 01 09:52:20 1391 5998 T -p -0.2800 2.3588 1.3298 338.8 212.3 80.2
45 11 2503 Jan 13 18:27:08 1469 6221 T -p -0.2833 2.3514 1.3250 337.4 211.6 79.6
46 12 2521 Jan 24 03:01:30 1549 6444 T -p -0.2872 2.3426 1.3195 336.0 210.8 78.9
47 13 2539 Feb 04 11:35:58 1630 6667 T -p -0.2921 2.3317 1.3124 334.5 210.1 78.1
48 14 2557 Feb 14 20:06:30 1714 6890 T -p -0.3008 2.3135 1.2986 332.7 209.0 76.6
49 15 2575 Feb 26 04:34:54 1800 7113 T -p -0.3120 2.2906 1.2805 330.8 207.9 74.6
50 16 2593 Mar 08 12:57:32 1888 7336 T -p -0.3284 2.2579 1.2528 328.7 206.3 71.4
51 17 2611 Mar 20 21:14:33 1978 7559 T -p -0.3502 2.2152 1.2156 326.2 204.3 66.6
52 18 2629 Mar 31 05:24:37 2070 7782 T -p -0.3783 2.1609 1.1668 323.3 201.6 59.5
53 19 2647 Apr 11 13:28:29 2164 8005 T -p -0.4123 2.0956 1.1071 320.0 198.2 48.5
54 20 2665 Apr 21 21:25:02 2260 8228 T -a -0.4528 2.0184 1.0355 316.1 193.8 28.5
55 21 2683 May 03 05:14:46 2358 8451 P -a -0.4996 1.9298 0.9523 311.5 188.3 -
56 22 2701 May 14 12:58:21 2459 8674 P -a -0.5522 1.8308 0.8584 306.2 181.4 -
57 23 2719 May 25 20:36:44 2561 8897 P -a -0.6097 1.7228 0.7552 300.1 172.7 -
58 24 2737 Jun 05 04:09:30 2665 9120 P -a -0.6726 1.6053 0.6421 292.9 161.9 -
59 25 2755 Jun 16 11:39:21 2772 9343 P -a -0.7384 1.4826 0.5233 284.8 148.6 -
60 26 2773 Jun 26 19:05:54 2881 9566 P -a -0.8076 1.3539 0.3979 275.5 131.8 -
61 27 2791 Jul 08 02:32:22 2991 9789 P -a -0.8773 1.2245 0.2713 265.2 110.6 -
62 28 2809 Jul 18 09:56:45 3104 10012 P -a -0.9494 1.0913 0.1402 253.5 80.9 -
63 29 2827 Jul 29 17:23:45 3219 10235 P -a -1.0197 0.9614 0.0119 240.7 23.9 -
64 30 2845 Aug 09 00:51:23 3336 10458 N -a -1.0901 0.8318 -0.1169 226.6 - -
65 31 2863 Aug 20 08:23:18 3455 10681 N -a -1.1571 0.7087 -0.2396 211.5 - -
66 32 2881 Aug 30 15:58:08 3576 10904 N -a -1.2220 0.5897 -0.3589 194.9 - -
67 33 2899 Sep 10 23:39:29 3699 11127 N -a -1.2819 0.4802 -0.4692 177.6 - -
68 34 2917 Sep 22 07:26:14 3824 11350 N -a -1.3377 0.3786 -0.5721 159.1 - -
69 35 2935 Oct 03 15:19:37 3951 11573 N -a -1.3883 0.2866 -0.6658 139.6 - -
70 36 2953 Oct 13 23:20:11 4081 11796 N -a -1.4331 0.2052 -0.7492 119.0 - -
71 37 2971 Oct 25 07:28:21 4212 12019 N -a -1.4719 0.1352 -0.8214 97.2 - -
72 38 2989 Nov 04 15:44:27 4345 12242 N -a -1.5048 0.0761 -0.8830 73.3 - -
73 39 3007 Nov 17 00:06:57 4481 12465 N -a -1.5328 0.0260 -0.9354 43.0 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
