The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 154 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 2237 May 10. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 3499 Jun 16. The total duration of Saros series 154 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 2237 May 10 23:45:33 TD
Last Eclipse = 3499 Jun 16 04:46:54 TD
Duration of Saros 154 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 154 is composed of 71 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 154 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 30 | 42.3% |
| Partial | P | 16 | 22.5% |
| Total | T | 25 | 35.2% |
The 71 lunar eclipses in Saros 154 occur in the order of 7N 8P 25T 8P 23N which corresponds to:
7 Penumbral
8 Partial
25 Total
8 Partial
23 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 154 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: 2832 May 06 Duration = 01h43m56s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: 2940 Jul 10 Duration = 00h29m13s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 2489 Oct 09 Duration = 03h27m28s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 2363 Jul 26 Duration = 00h45m48s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 2345 Jul 15 Duration = 04h36m51s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 3499 Jun 16 Duration = 00h11m55s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 154 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 2489 Oct 09 Magnitude = 0.9575
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 2363 Jul 26 Magnitude = 0.0346
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 154 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -33 2237 May 10 23:45:33 536 2935 N t- 1.5296 0.0863 -0.9832 90.2 - -
02 -32 2255 May 22 06:33:13 585 3158 N t- 1.4629 0.2082 -0.8604 138.7 - -
03 -31 2273 Jun 01 13:13:38 637 3381 N t- 1.3902 0.3413 -0.7267 175.7 - -
04 -30 2291 Jun 12 19:47:41 690 3604 N t- 1.3123 0.4841 -0.5835 206.7 - -
05 -29 2309 Jun 24 02:17:42 745 3827 N t- 1.2308 0.6337 -0.4340 233.4 - -
06 -28 2327 Jul 05 08:44:32 802 4050 N t- 1.1463 0.7888 -0.2792 256.7 - -
07 -27 2345 Jul 15 15:10:59 862 4273 N t- 1.0613 0.9453 -0.1235 276.8 - -
08 -26 2363 Jul 26 21:36:02 923 4496 P t- 0.9748 1.1044 0.0346 294.5 45.8 -
09 -25 2381 Aug 06 04:04:39 987 4719 P t- 0.8908 1.2594 0.1881 309.5 104.5 -
10 -24 2399 Aug 17 10:35:26 1053 4942 P t- 0.8080 1.4121 0.3391 322.3 137.2 -
11 -23 2417 Aug 27 17:11:33 1120 5165 P t- 0.7295 1.5573 0.4822 333.0 160.1 -
12 -22 2435 Sep 07 23:52:36 1190 5388 P t- 0.6545 1.6959 0.6186 341.9 177.3 -
13 -21 2453 Sep 18 06:42:17 1262 5611 P t- 0.5863 1.8223 0.7426 349.0 190.2 -
14 -20 2471 Sep 29 13:39:37 1336 5834 P t- 0.5238 1.9383 0.8561 354.7 200.0 -
15 -19 2489 Oct 09 20:45:34 1412 6057 P t- 0.4679 2.0422 0.9575 359.2 207.5 -
16 -18 2507 Oct 22 04:00:56 1490 6280 T t- 0.4193 2.1325 1.0454 362.6 213.0 34.7
17 -17 2525 Nov 01 11:26:31 1570 6503 T t- 0.3790 2.2076 1.1183 365.0 216.9 54.7
18 -16 2543 Nov 12 19:00:51 1652 6726 T t- 0.3451 2.2708 1.1796 366.7 219.8 65.9
19 -15 2561 Nov 23 02:43:40 1737 6949 T p- 0.3178 2.3216 1.2289 367.8 221.8 73.1
20 -14 2579 Dec 04 10:34:13 1823 7172 T p- 0.2963 2.3615 1.2678 368.5 223.1 77.8
21 -13 2597 Dec 14 18:32:07 1911 7395 T p- 0.2805 2.3907 1.2965 368.7 223.9 80.9
22 -12 2615 Dec 27 02:33:58 2002 7618 T+ p- 0.2678 2.4139 1.3201 368.6 224.5 83.1
23 -11 2634 Jan 06 10:40:40 2094 7841 T+ p- 0.2586 2.4303 1.3374 368.3 224.7 84.7
24 -10 2652 Jan 17 18:48:27 2189 8064 T+ p- 0.2501 2.4451 1.3539 367.7 224.9 86.0
25 -09 2670 Jan 28 02:57:43 2286 8287 T+ p- 0.2422 2.4583 1.3696 367.1 225.1 87.3
26 -08 2688 Feb 08 11:03:30 2385 8510 T+ p- 0.2311 2.4771 1.3915 366.4 225.4 88.9
27 -07 2706 Feb 19 19:08:31 2485 8733 T+ p- 0.2189 2.4976 1.4159 365.6 225.7 90.7
28 -06 2724 Mar 02 03:07:53 2588 8956 T+ p- 0.2019 2.5265 1.4492 364.8 226.2 92.8
29 -05 2742 Mar 13 11:02:37 2693 9179 T+ p- 0.1801 2.5639 1.4916 364.0 226.8 95.3
30 -04 2760 Mar 23 18:49:54 2801 9402 T+ pp 0.1517 2.6135 1.5465 363.2 227.6 98.0
31 -03 2778 Apr 04 02:31:48 2910 9625 T+ pp 0.1179 2.6725 1.6113 362.3 228.2 100.5
32 -02 2796 Apr 14 10:05:56 3021 9848 T+ pp 0.0771 2.7444 1.6891 361.2 228.7 102.6
33 -01 2814 Apr 25 17:33:04 3134 10071 T+ pp 0.0297 2.8283 1.7790 359.9 228.9 103.9
34 00 2832 May 06 00:53:25 3250 10294 T- pp -0.0242 2.8354 1.7921 358.2 228.4 103.9
35 01 2850 May 17 08:08:10 3367 10517 T- pp -0.0838 2.7230 1.6857 356.0 227.2 102.3
36 02 2868 May 27 15:16:52 3487 10740 T- pp -0.1491 2.6003 1.5686 353.1 224.9 98.4
37 03 2886 Jun 07 22:21:31 3608 10963 T- pp -0.2186 2.4700 1.4438 349.6 221.5 91.5
38 04 2904 Jun 19 05:22:46 3732 11186 T pp -0.2919 2.3330 1.3119 345.2 216.6 80.5
39 05 2922 Jun 30 12:22:26 3857 11409 T -p -0.3673 2.1923 1.1757 339.9 210.2 63.1
40 06 2940 Jul 10 19:20:01 3985 11632 T -t -0.4453 2.0470 1.0346 333.6 202.0 29.2
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 07 2958 Jul 22 02:19:20 4115 11855 P -t -0.5226 1.9034 0.8946 326.5 192.0 -
42 08 2976 Aug 01 09:19:40 4247 12078 P -t -0.6000 1.7599 0.7543 318.4 180.1 -
43 09 2994 Aug 12 16:24:46 4381 12301 P -t -0.6741 1.6226 0.6196 309.7 166.3 -
44 10 3012 Aug 23 23:32:38 4517 12524 P -t -0.7467 1.4883 0.4874 300.3 150.2 -
45 11 3030 Sep 04 06:48:19 4655 12747 P -h -0.8138 1.3643 0.3651 290.6 132.0 -
46 12 3048 Sep 14 14:09:11 4796 12970 P -h -0.8775 1.2469 0.2488 280.6 110.5 -
47 13 3066 Sep 25 21:38:35 4938 13193 P -a -0.9348 1.1413 0.1441 270.6 85.0 -
48 14 3084 Oct 06 05:15:21 5082 13416 P -a -0.9869 1.0455 0.0487 260.9 49.9 -
49 15 3102 Oct 18 13:02:00 5229 13639 N -a -1.0316 0.9632 -0.0333 251.8 - -
50 16 3120 Oct 28 20:57:19 5377 13862 N -a -1.0702 0.8925 -0.1040 243.5 - -
51 17 3138 Nov 09 05:01:03 5528 14085 N -a -1.1026 0.8329 -0.1636 236.0 - -
52 18 3156 Nov 19 13:14:09 5681 14308 N -a -1.1280 0.7864 -0.2101 229.8 - -
53 19 3174 Nov 30 21:35:04 5835 14531 N -a -1.1474 0.7507 -0.2456 224.7 - -
54 20 3192 Dec 11 06:03:39 5992 14754 N -a -1.1615 0.7247 -0.2714 220.8 - -
55 21 3210 Dec 22 14:37:19 6151 14977 N -a -1.1720 0.7052 -0.2903 217.7 - -
56 22 3229 Jan 01 23:17:03 6312 15200 N -a -1.1781 0.6934 -0.3011 215.5 - -
57 23 3247 Jan 13 07:59:48 6475 15423 N -a -1.1822 0.6851 -0.3080 213.9 - -
58 24 3265 Jan 23 16:45:01 6640 15646 N -a -1.1848 0.6795 -0.3118 212.6 - -
59 25 3283 Feb 04 01:30:21 6807 15869 N -a -1.1878 0.6728 -0.3161 211.2 - -
60 26 3301 Feb 15 10:15:28 6977 16092 N -a -1.1916 0.6645 -0.3217 209.5 - -
61 27 3319 Feb 26 18:57:38 7148 16315 N -a -1.1983 0.6507 -0.3324 207.1 - -
62 28 3337 Mar 09 03:36:09 7321 16538 N -a -1.2083 0.6304 -0.3491 203.7 - -
63 29 3355 Mar 20 12:09:50 7497 16761 N -a -1.2229 0.6018 -0.3739 199.1 - -
64 30 3373 Mar 30 20:38:34 7674 16984 N -a -1.2417 0.5652 -0.4066 193.2 - -
65 31 3391 Apr 11 04:59:33 7854 17207 N -a -1.2676 0.5157 -0.4519 185.0 - -
66 32 3409 Apr 22 13:14:36 8036 17430 N -a -1.2986 0.4567 -0.5068 174.7 - -
67 33 3427 May 03 21:21:44 8219 17653 N -a -1.3365 0.3851 -0.5743 161.2 - -
68 34 3445 May 14 05:23:22 8405 17876 N -a -1.3790 0.3053 -0.6504 144.3 - -
69 35 3463 May 25 13:16:14 8593 18099 N -a -1.4288 0.2120 -0.7401 121.1 - -
70 36 3481 Jun 04 21:05:01 8783 18322 N -a -1.4822 0.1124 -0.8365 88.8 - -
71 37 3499 Jun 16 04:46:54 8975 18545 Ne -a -1.5416 0.0020 -0.9442 11.9 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
