The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 165 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 2411 Jul 06. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 3673 Aug 11. The total duration of Saros series 165 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 2411 Jul 06 10:22:42 TD
Last Eclipse = 3673 Aug 11 01:29:36 TD
Duration of Saros 165 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 165 is composed of 71 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 165 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 16 | 22.5% |
| Partial | P | 41 | 57.7% |
| Total | T | 14 | 19.7% |
The 71 lunar eclipses in Saros 165 occur in the order of 9N 22P 14T 19P 7N which corresponds to:
9 Penumbral
22 Partial
14 Total
19 Partial
7 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 165 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: 3078 Aug 15 Duration = 01h42m45s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: 3204 Oct 30 Duration = 00h29m18s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 3222 Nov 11 Duration = 03h19m29s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 3547 May 28 Duration = 00h52m53s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 3565 Jun 07 Duration = 04h41m54s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 2411 Jul 06 Duration = 00h14m01s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 165 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 3222 Nov 11 Magnitude = 0.9605
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 3547 May 28 Magnitude = 0.0467
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 165 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -37 2411 Jul 06 10:22:42 1097 5089 Nb a- -1.5404 0.0027 -0.9404 14.0 - -
02 -36 2429 Jul 16 17:51:15 1166 5312 N a- -1.4688 0.1337 -0.8085 96.5 - -
03 -35 2447 Jul 28 01:20:15 1237 5535 N a- -1.3974 0.2645 -0.6775 134.0 - -
04 -34 2465 Aug 07 08:51:22 1310 5758 N a- -1.3275 0.3929 -0.5495 161.3 - -
05 -33 2483 Aug 18 16:25:11 1386 5981 N a- -1.2596 0.5181 -0.4253 183.0 - -
06 -32 2501 Aug 30 00:04:13 1463 6204 N a- -1.1957 0.6361 -0.3089 200.4 - -
07 -31 2519 Sep 10 07:48:23 1542 6427 N a- -1.1363 0.7462 -0.2007 214.8 - -
08 -30 2537 Sep 20 15:38:06 1624 6650 N a- -1.0812 0.8485 -0.1009 226.8 - -
09 -29 2555 Oct 01 23:35:11 1708 6873 N a- -1.0323 0.9398 -0.0126 236.6 - -
10 -28 2573 Oct 12 07:39:27 1793 7096 P a- -0.9892 1.0204 0.0649 244.7 55.0 -
11 -27 2591 Oct 23 15:51:13 1881 7319 P a- -0.9525 1.0893 0.1306 251.2 77.4 -
12 -26 2609 Nov 04 00:09:40 1971 7542 P a- -0.9216 1.1479 0.1857 256.6 91.6 -
13 -25 2627 Nov 15 08:35:40 2063 7765 P a- -0.8972 1.1943 0.2287 260.8 101.1 -
14 -24 2645 Nov 25 17:08:16 2157 7988 P a- -0.8783 1.2306 0.2617 264.1 107.7 -
15 -23 2663 Dec 07 01:45:56 2253 8211 P a- -0.8640 1.2584 0.2865 266.7 112.4 -
16 -22 2681 Dec 17 10:29:13 2351 8434 P a- -0.8545 1.2772 0.3024 268.6 115.4 -
17 -21 2699 Dec 28 19:15:28 2451 8657 P a- -0.8478 1.2909 0.3137 270.1 117.5 -
18 -20 2718 Jan 09 04:04:42 2553 8880 P a- -0.8440 1.2988 0.3196 271.2 118.6 -
19 -19 2736 Jan 20 12:52:56 2657 9103 P a- -0.8396 1.3076 0.3269 272.3 120.0 -
20 -18 2754 Jan 30 21:42:08 2764 9326 P a- -0.8364 1.3141 0.3321 273.3 121.0 -
21 -17 2772 Feb 11 06:27:48 2872 9549 P a- -0.8304 1.3255 0.3429 274.6 123.0 -
22 -16 2790 Feb 21 15:10:34 2983 9772 P a- -0.8225 1.3401 0.3571 276.2 125.5 -
23 -15 2808 Mar 03 23:46:51 3095 9995 P a- -0.8098 1.3635 0.3805 278.4 129.3 -
24 -14 2826 Mar 15 08:18:11 3210 10218 P a- -0.7934 1.3935 0.4107 281.1 134.1 -
25 -13 2844 Mar 25 16:41:29 3327 10441 P a- -0.7707 1.4348 0.4524 284.4 140.1 -
26 -12 2862 Apr 06 00:56:58 3446 10664 P a- -0.7422 1.4869 0.5050 288.4 147.2 -
27 -11 2880 Apr 16 09:03:38 3566 10887 P a- -0.7070 1.5513 0.5697 293.0 155.2 -
28 -10 2898 Apr 27 17:02:17 3689 11110 P a- -0.6660 1.6265 0.6452 298.1 163.6 -
29 -09 2916 May 09 00:51:40 3814 11333 P a- -0.6179 1.7148 0.7335 303.5 172.3 -
30 -08 2934 May 20 08:33:11 3942 11556 P a- -0.5637 1.8142 0.8327 309.2 181.1 -
31 -07 2952 May 30 16:06:21 4071 11779 P a- -0.5036 1.9248 0.9427 314.9 189.5 -
32 -06 2970 Jun 10 23:33:32 4202 12002 T a- -0.4392 2.0435 1.0603 320.3 197.3 37.2
33 -05 2988 Jun 21 06:52:51 4335 12225 T p- -0.3691 2.1730 1.1882 325.6 204.4 63.4
34 -04 3006 Jul 03 14:08:38 4471 12448 T p- -0.2967 2.3068 1.3200 330.3 210.5 79.2
35 -03 3024 Jul 13 21:19:17 4608 12671 T- pp -0.2211 2.4470 1.4575 334.4 215.4 90.3
36 -02 3042 Jul 25 04:29:03 4748 12894 T- pp -0.1452 2.5878 1.5952 337.8 219.0 97.4
37 -01 3060 Aug 04 11:35:19 4889 13117 T- pp -0.0674 2.7325 1.7361 340.5 221.5 101.5
38 00 3078 Aug 15 18:43:42 5033 13340 T+ pp 0.0078 2.8439 1.8433 342.4 222.6 102.8
39 01 3096 Aug 26 01:51:32 5179 13563 T+ pp 0.0825 2.7092 1.7038 343.6 222.4 101.3
40 02 3114 Sep 07 09:03:01 5326 13786 T+ pp 0.1534 2.5817 1.5712 344.1 221.2 97.2
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 03 3132 Sep 17 16:16:36 5476 14009 T+ -p 0.2217 2.4592 1.4431 344.0 218.8 90.5
42 04 3150 Sep 28 23:36:26 5628 14232 T -p 0.2840 2.3478 1.3260 343.4 215.7 81.3
43 05 3168 Oct 09 07:00:53 5782 14455 T -a 0.3413 2.2457 1.2177 342.6 212.0 69.2
44 06 3186 Oct 20 14:31:19 5938 14678 T -a 0.3929 2.1543 1.1201 341.5 207.9 53.2
45 07 3204 Oct 30 22:08:37 6097 14901 T -a 0.4379 2.0748 1.0345 340.5 203.7 29.3
46 08 3222 Nov 11 05:52:47 6257 15124 P -a 0.4766 2.0069 0.9605 339.5 199.5 -
47 09 3240 Nov 21 13:43:51 6419 15347 P -a 0.5087 1.9510 0.8987 338.7 195.7 -
48 10 3258 Dec 02 21:40:21 6584 15570 P -a 0.5356 1.9045 0.8465 338.1 192.2 -
49 11 3276 Dec 13 05:43:30 6750 15793 P -a 0.5563 1.8691 0.8060 337.9 189.3 -
50 12 3294 Dec 24 13:51:04 6919 16016 P -a 0.5730 1.8408 0.7730 337.8 186.9 -
51 13 3313 Jan 04 22:02:19 7089 16239 P -a 0.5860 1.8188 0.7470 337.9 185.0 -
52 14 3331 Jan 16 06:15:54 7262 16462 P -a 0.5968 1.8008 0.7256 338.1 183.5 -
53 15 3349 Jan 26 14:30:35 7437 16685 P -h 0.6061 1.7851 0.7071 338.3 182.1 -
54 16 3367 Feb 06 22:44:04 7613 16908 P -h 0.6159 1.7681 0.6881 338.4 180.6 -
55 17 3385 Feb 17 06:54:34 7792 17131 P -h 0.6278 1.7470 0.6655 338.1 178.7 -
56 18 3403 Mar 01 15:01:19 7973 17354 P -t 0.6423 1.7208 0.6387 337.4 176.2 -
57 19 3421 Mar 11 23:02:35 8156 17577 P -t 0.6609 1.6869 0.6045 336.2 172.8 -
58 20 3439 Mar 23 06:56:03 8342 17800 P -t 0.6851 1.6422 0.5602 334.1 167.9 -
59 21 3457 Apr 02 14:41:55 8529 18023 P -t 0.7149 1.5872 0.5059 331.2 161.2 -
60 22 3475 Apr 13 22:18:32 8718 18246 P -t 0.7516 1.5192 0.4391 327.1 152.1 -
61 23 3493 Apr 24 05:46:58 8909 18469 P -t 0.7946 1.4397 0.3609 321.8 139.8 -
62 24 3511 May 06 13:04:06 9103 18692 P -t 0.8459 1.3447 0.2675 314.8 122.2 -
63 25 3529 May 16 20:13:39 9298 18915 P -t 0.9028 1.2396 0.1638 306.1 97.2 -
64 26 3547 May 28 03:13:02 9496 19138 P -t 0.9670 1.1211 0.0467 295.2 52.9 -
65 27 3565 Jun 07 10:05:41 9695 19361 N -t 1.0361 0.9936 -0.0794 281.9 - -
66 28 3583 Jun 18 16:49:31 9897 19584 N -t 1.1118 0.8541 -0.2178 265.3 - -
67 29 3601 Jun 28 23:28:45 10101 19807 N -t 1.1905 0.7092 -0.3618 245.5 - -
68 30 3619 Jul 10 06:02:23 10307 20030 N -t 1.2728 0.5579 -0.5125 221.1 - -
69 31 3637 Jul 20 12:32:51 10515 20253 N -t 1.3571 0.4032 -0.6669 190.8 - -
70 32 3655 Jul 31 19:01:08 10725 20476 N -t 1.4423 0.2468 -0.8233 151.5 - -
71 33 3673 Aug 11 01:29:36 10937 20699 Ne -t 1.5265 0.0925 -0.9781 94.1 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
