Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 9

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 9

Solar eclipses of Saros 9 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -2568 Feb 06. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -1252 Apr 04. The total duration of Saros series 9 is 1316.20 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  -2568 Feb 06   01:13:11 TD
                       Last Eclipse =  -1252 Apr 04   18:59:23 TD

                      Duration of Saros   9  =  1316.20 Years

Saros 9 is composed of 74 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 9
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 74100.0%
PartialP 31 41.9%
AnnularA 32 43.2%
TotalT 8 10.8%
Hybrid[3]H 3 4.1%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 9 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 9
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 43100.0%
Central (two limits) 41 95.3%
Central (one limit) 1 2.3%
Non-Central (one limit) 1 2.3%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 74 eclipses in Saros 9: 9P 8T 3H 32A 22P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 9 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 9
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse -1685 Jul 2007m48s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse -2208 Sep 0900m31s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse -2370 Jun 0402m32s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse -2280 Jul 2801m29s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse -2262 Aug 0801m04s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse -2226 Aug 3000m03s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse -1631 Aug 21 - 0.90991
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse -2568 Feb 06 - 0.00814

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 9

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 9. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 9.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 9

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

----- -39 -2568 Feb 06  01:13:11  61327 -56498   Pb   1.5283  0.0081  63.3N  23.3E   0             
----- -38 -2550 Feb 16  09:15:34  60824 -56275   P    1.4914  0.0778  62.5N 108.8W   0             
----- -37 -2532 Feb 27  17:08:15  60323 -56052   P    1.4471  0.1619  61.8N 121.7E   0             
----- -36 -2514 Mar 10  00:53:27  59824 -55829   P    1.3974  0.2569  61.3N   5.7W   0             
----- -35 -2496 Mar 20  08:30:24  59327 -55606   P    1.3414  0.3641  60.9N 130.9W   0             
----- -34 -2478 Mar 31  16:01:26  58832 -55383   P    1.2809  0.4800  60.7N 105.5E   0             
----- -33 -2460 Apr 10  23:24:59  58339 -55160   P    1.2148  0.6066  60.6N  16.2W   0             
----- -32 -2442 Apr 22  06:45:00  57848 -54937   P    1.1462  0.7378  60.6N 137.1W   0             
----- -31 -2424 May 02  14:00:42  57360 -54714   P    1.0748  0.8737  60.8N 103.2E   0             
----- -30 -2406 May 13  21:14:28  56873 -54491   T+   1.0023  1.0109  61.2N  16.2W   0             

----- -29 -2388 May 24  04:26:57  56389 -54268   T    0.9291  1.0434  66.7N  86.5W  21  394  02m28s
----- -28 -2370 Jun 04  11:40:31  55906 -54045   T    0.8575  1.0420  67.6N 178.5W  31  273  02m32s
----- -27 -2352 Jun 14  18:56:03  55426 -53822   T    0.7882  1.0390  67.7N  86.0E  38  213  02m28s
----- -26 -2334 Jun 26  02:13:42  54948 -53599   T    0.7212  1.0351  66.6N  11.4W  44  171  02m20s
----- -25 -2316 Jul 06  09:36:18  54471 -53376   T    0.6593  1.0303  64.4N 112.2W  48  137  02m07s
----- -24 -2298 Jul 17  17:03:38  53997 -53153   T    0.6022  1.0250  61.1N 143.1E  53  107  01m51s
----- -23 -2280 Jul 28  00:38:03  53525 -52930   T    0.5518  1.0191  56.9N  33.9E  56   79  01m29s
----- -22 -2262 Aug 08  08:17:56  53055 -52707   H    0.5068  1.0130  52.1N  78.9W  59   52  01m04s
----- -21 -2244 Aug 18  16:06:40  52587 -52484   H    0.4702  1.0068  47.0N 164.4E  62   27  00m35s
----- -20 -2226 Aug 30  00:01:51  52121 -52261   H    0.4400  1.0005  41.7N  44.9E  64    2  00m03s

----- -19 -2208 Sep 09  08:04:53  51657 -52038   A    0.4173  0.9944  36.4N  77.5W  65   22  00m31s
----- -18 -2190 Sep 20  16:14:00  51196 -51815   A    0.4006  0.9885  31.1N 158.0E  66   44  01m07s
----- -17 -2172 Oct 01  00:30:28  50736 -51592   A    0.3907  0.9831  26.0N  31.4E  67   65  01m42s
----- -16 -2154 Oct 12  08:51:14  50278 -51369   A    0.3855  0.9781  21.2N  96.6W  67   84  02m18s
----- -15 -2136 Oct 22  17:15:52  49823 -51146   A    0.3842  0.9736  16.7N 134.3E  67  102  02m52s
----- -14 -2118 Nov 03  01:42:31  49369 -50923   A    0.3854  0.9698  12.6N   4.7E  67  117  03m24s
----- -13 -2100 Nov 13  10:11:00  48918 -50700   A    0.3886  0.9666   8.9N 125.2W  67  130  03m54s
----- -12 -2082 Nov 24  18:36:57  48469 -50477   A    0.3904  0.9641   5.7N 105.5E  67  141  04m20s
----- -11 -2064 Dec 05  03:00:37  48022 -50254   A    0.3911  0.9622   2.9N  23.2W  67  149  04m42s
----- -10 -2046 Dec 16  11:18:26  47576 -50031   A    0.3875  0.9609   0.6N 150.2W  67  154  04m57s

----- -09 -2028 Dec 26  19:31:19  47133 -49808   A    0.3806  0.9601   1.1S  84.0E  68  157  05m06s
----- -08 -2009 Jan 07  03:34:03  46692 -49585   A    0.3658  0.9598   2.6S  39.0W  69  157  05m08s
00020 -07 -1991 Jan 17  11:29:42  46253 -49362   A    0.3460  0.9599   3.5S 160.1W  70  155  05m03s
00063 -06 -1973 Jan 28  19:13:23  45817 -49139   A    0.3168  0.9602   4.2S  82.0E  72  152  04m54s
00106 -05 -1955 Feb 08  02:47:50  45382 -48916   A    0.2811  0.9608   4.4S  33.4W  74  148  04m41s
00149 -04 -1937 Feb 19  10:09:18  44949 -48693   A    0.2352  0.9613   4.4S 145.3W  76  144  04m29s
00192 -03 -1919 Mar 01  17:22:05  44518 -48470   A    0.1830  0.9619   4.1S 105.2E  79  140  04m17s
00236 -02 -1901 Mar 13  00:23:10  44090 -48247   Am   0.1217  0.9623   3.6S   1.2W  83  137  04m09s
00280 -01 -1883 Mar 23  07:14:53  43663 -48024   A    0.0534  0.9625   3.0S 105.1W  87  136  04m04s
00326  00 -1865 Apr 03  13:57:33  43239 -47801   A   -0.0214  0.9623   2.6S 153.4E  89  137  04m04s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 9

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

00372  01 -1847 Apr 13  20:33:27  42817 -47578   A   -0.1011  0.9617   2.3S  53.7E  84  139  04m09s
00418  02 -1829 Apr 25  03:02:58  42396 -47355   A   -0.1855  0.9607   2.5S  44.3W  79  145  04m21s
00463  03 -1811 May 05  09:27:26  41978 -47132   A   -0.2735  0.9592   3.4S 141.1W  74  153  04m39s
00510  04 -1793 May 16  15:49:33  41562 -46909   A   -0.3627  0.9571   5.0S 122.5E  69  166  05m03s
00556  05 -1775 May 26  22:10:28  41148 -46686   A   -0.4519  0.9546   7.5S  26.2E  63  184  05m34s
00601  06 -1757 Jun 07  04:31:26  40736 -46463   A   -0.5404  0.9515  11.0S  70.7W  57  208  06m08s
00646  07 -1739 Jun 17  10:54:45  40326 -46240   A   -0.6264  0.9480  15.5S 168.7W  51  243  06m43s
00692  08 -1721 Jun 28  17:22:09  39918 -46017   A   -0.7083  0.9440  21.1S  91.6E  45  291  07m15s
00738  09 -1703 Jul 08  23:54:56  39512 -45794   A   -0.7850  0.9397  27.8S  10.3W  38  361  07m38s
00782  10 -1685 Jul 20  06:33:02  39108 -45571   A   -0.8568  0.9349  35.8S 114.7W  31  473  07m48s

00824  11 -1667 Jul 30  13:19:42  38707 -45348   A   -0.9208  0.9297  45.2S 137.0E  23  682  07m44s
00865  12 -1649 Aug 10  20:14:27  38307 -45125   As  -0.9777  0.9237  57.8S  22.8E  11   -   07m21s
00906  13 -1631 Aug 21  03:19:08  37910 -44902   P   -1.0262  0.9099  69.6S 104.2W   0             
00947  14 -1613 Sep 01  10:32:31  37514 -44679   P   -1.0673  0.8396  70.4S 133.1E   0             
00988  15 -1595 Sep 11  17:56:44  37121 -44456   P   -1.0994  0.7850  71.1S   7.1E   0             
01030  16 -1577 Sep 23  01:29:44  36730 -44233   P   -1.1243  0.7428  71.6S 121.6W   0             
01071  17 -1559 Oct 03  09:11:03  36340 -44010   P   -1.1425  0.7121  71.8S 107.2E   0             
01111  18 -1541 Oct 14  17:00:21  35953 -43787   P   -1.1543  0.6921  71.7S  26.0W   0             
01151  19 -1523 Oct 25  00:55:50  35568 -43564   P   -1.1616  0.6799  71.4S 160.6W   0             
01191  20 -1505 Nov 05  08:56:27  35185 -43341   P   -1.1646  0.6749  70.8S  63.9E   0             

01231  21 -1487 Nov 15  16:58:34  34804 -43118   P   -1.1669  0.6713  70.1S  71.4W   0             
01271  22 -1469 Nov 27  01:03:08  34425 -42895   P   -1.1673  0.6708  69.1S 153.4E   0             
01311  23 -1451 Dec 07  09:06:01  34049 -42672   P   -1.1698  0.6671  68.1S  19.2E   0             
01352  24 -1433 Dec 18  17:06:34  33674 -42449   P   -1.1742  0.6603  67.0S 113.7W   0             
01393  25 -1415 Dec 29  01:01:31  33301 -42226   P   -1.1836  0.6452  65.9S 115.4E   0             
01434  26 -1396 Jan 09  08:51:43  32931 -42003   P   -1.1971  0.6232  64.9S  13.9W   0             
01475  27 -1378 Jan 19  16:34:35  32562 -41780   P   -1.2170  0.5903  63.9S 141.0W   0             
01517  28 -1360 Jan 31  00:09:43  32196 -41557   P   -1.2435  0.5457  63.0S  94.3E   0             
01559  29 -1342 Feb 10  07:36:39  31832 -41334   P   -1.2772  0.4885  62.3S  28.2W   0             
01602  30 -1324 Feb 21  14:55:41  31469 -41111   P   -1.3176  0.4192  61.7S 148.4W   0             

01645  31 -1306 Mar 03  22:06:21  31109 -40888   P   -1.3651  0.3367  61.2S  93.5E   0             
01688  32 -1288 Mar 14  05:09:51  30751 -40665   P   -1.4191  0.2421  60.9S  22.6W   0             
01733  33 -1270 Mar 25  12:06:54  30395 -40442   P   -1.4786  0.1367  60.7S 137.1W   0             
01778  34 -1252 Apr 04  18:59:23  30041 -40219   Pe  -1.5425  0.0226  60.7S 109.6E   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to:

Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26