Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 10

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 10

Solar eclipses of Saros 10 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -2467 Feb 28. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -1169 Apr 18. The total duration of Saros series 10 is 1298.17 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  -2467 Feb 28   08:05:14 TD
                       Last Eclipse =  -1169 Apr 18   01:22:14 TD

                      Duration of Saros  10  =  1298.17 Years

Saros 10 is composed of 73 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 10
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 73100.0%
PartialP 31 42.5%
AnnularA 30 41.1%
TotalT 9 12.3%
Hybrid[3]H 3 4.1%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 10 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 10
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 42100.0%
Central (two limits) 42100.0%
Central (one limit) 0 0.0%
Non-Central (one limit) 0 0.0%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 73 eclipses in Saros 10: 8P 30A 3H 9T 23P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 10 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 10
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse -2215 Jul 2908m33s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse -1800 Apr 0300m02s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse -1692 Jun 0701m38s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse -1584 Aug 1100m51s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse -1746 May 0601m16s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse -1782 Apr 1400m30s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse -1566 Aug 22 - 0.95668
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse -2467 Feb 28 - 0.01331

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 10

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 10. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 10.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 10

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

----- -34 -2467 Feb 28  08:05:14  58533 -55248   Pb  -1.5553  0.0133  69.9S  86.3E   0             
----- -33 -2449 Mar 11  14:52:36  58042 -55025   P   -1.4952  0.1154  70.6S  30.5W   0             
----- -32 -2431 Mar 21  21:30:34  57552 -54802   P   -1.4275  0.2307  71.2S 145.4W   0             
----- -31 -2413 Apr 02  04:01:13  57065 -54579   P   -1.3540  0.3563  71.5S 101.2E   0             
----- -30 -2395 Apr 12  10:25:40  56580 -54356   P   -1.2755  0.4908  71.6S  10.9W   0             
----- -29 -2377 Apr 23  16:44:10  56096 -54133   P   -1.1919  0.6341  71.5S 121.4W   0             
----- -28 -2359 May 03  23:00:27  55615 -53910   P   -1.1061  0.7811  71.2S 128.8E   0             
----- -27 -2341 May 15  05:14:50  55136 -53687   P   -1.0181  0.9317  70.6S  19.8E   0             
----- -26 -2323 May 25  11:30:10  54659 -53464   A   -0.9306  0.9402  51.1S 108.9W  21  608  05m57s
----- -25 -2305 Jun 05  17:46:45  54184 -53241   A   -0.8436  0.9417  38.1S 146.1E  32  401  06m41s

----- -24 -2287 Jun 16  00:07:59  53711 -53018   A   -0.7599  0.9420  28.1S  43.7E  40  330  07m19s
----- -23 -2269 Jun 27  06:34:07  53240 -52795   A   -0.6796  0.9415  20.0S  58.2W  47  295  07m51s
----- -22 -2251 Jul 07  13:06:30  52772 -52572   A   -0.6040  0.9406  13.4S 160.6W  53  276  08m14s
----- -21 -2233 Jul 18  19:47:11  52305 -52349   A   -0.5347  0.9393   8.3S  95.8E  58  266  08m28s
----- -20 -2215 Jul 29  02:36:52  51840 -52126   A   -0.4724  0.9378   4.6S   9.4W  62  261  08m33s
----- -19 -2197 Aug 09  09:37:05  51378 -51903   A   -0.4181  0.9360   2.4S 116.7W  65  260  08m32s
----- -18 -2179 Aug 19  16:46:14  50917 -51680   A   -0.3707  0.9344   1.6S 133.9E  68  262  08m27s
----- -17 -2161 Aug 31  00:07:20  50459 -51457   A   -0.3326  0.9327   2.1S  21.6E  71  265  08m20s
----- -16 -2143 Sep 10  07:37:20  50003 -51234   A   -0.3011  0.9313   3.7S  93.0W  72  268  08m13s
----- -15 -2125 Sep 21  15:18:13  49548 -51011   A   -0.2782  0.9302   6.3S 149.6E  74  270  08m06s

----- -14 -2107 Oct 01  23:06:32  49096 -50788   A   -0.2607  0.9295   9.6S  30.2E  75  272  07m59s
----- -13 -2089 Oct 13  07:04:07  48646 -50565   A   -0.2501  0.9294  13.5S  91.5W  75  272  07m51s
----- -12 -2071 Oct 23  15:06:44  48198 -50342   A   -0.2430  0.9298  17.7S 145.6E  76  270  07m42s
----- -11 -2053 Nov 03  23:14:31  47752 -50119   A   -0.2395  0.9309  22.0S  21.6E  76  266  07m32s
----- -10 -2035 Nov 14  07:24:29  47308 -49896   A   -0.2371  0.9326  26.1S 102.5W  76  259  07m19s
----- -09 -2017 Nov 25  15:36:08  46866 -49673   A   -0.2359  0.9350  29.9S 133.5E  76  249  07m03s
00002 -08 -1999 Dec 05  23:45:23  46426 -49450   A   -0.2317  0.9382  32.9S  10.8E  76  236  06m44s
00045 -07 -1981 Dec 17  07:52:15  45989 -49227   A   -0.2249  0.9420  35.0S 110.7W  77  220  06m21s
00088 -06 -1963 Dec 27  15:54:04  45553 -49004   A   -0.2134  0.9464  35.9S 129.6E  77  202  05m54s
00131 -05 -1944 Jan 07  23:51:29  45120 -48781   A   -0.1977  0.9514  35.5S  11.1E  78  182  05m24s

00174 -04 -1926 Jan 18  07:40:04  44688 -48558   A   -0.1741  0.9570  33.5S 105.5W  80  159  04m50s
00218 -03 -1908 Jan 29  15:22:41  44259 -48335   A   -0.1448  0.9628  30.3S 138.8E  81  136  04m13s
00262 -02 -1890 Feb 08  22:55:57  43831 -48112   A   -0.1069  0.9690  25.8S  24.5E  84  112  03m32s
00307 -01 -1872 Feb 20  06:23:37  43406 -47889   A   -0.0635  0.9753  20.3S  89.3W  86   88  02m49s
00354  00 -1854 Mar 02  13:41:30  42983 -47666   A   -0.0113  0.9817  13.9S 158.6E  89   65  02m05s
00400  01 -1836 Mar 12  20:55:13  42562 -47443   A    0.0456  0.9880   6.9S  46.8E  87   43  01m22s
00445  02 -1818 Mar 24  04:01:15  42143 -47220   Am   0.1098  0.9939   0.8N  63.6W  84   21  00m40s
00491  03 -1800 Apr 03  11:04:05  41726 -46997   A    0.1778  0.9997   8.7N 173.4W  80    1  00m02s
00538  04 -1782 Apr 14  18:01:43  41311 -46774   H    0.2512  1.0049  17.1N  77.8E  75   17  00m30s
00583  05 -1764 Apr 25  00:58:42  40898 -46551   H    0.3262  1.0096  25.6N  30.8W  71   35  00m57s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 10

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

00628  06 -1746 May 06  07:54:16  40487 -46328   H    0.4033  1.0136  34.2N 138.8W  66   51  01m16s
00674  07 -1728 May 16  14:50:12  40079 -46105   T    0.4811  1.0170  42.8N 113.6E  61   66  01m30s
00721  08 -1710 May 27  21:48:23  39672 -45882   T    0.5580  1.0196  51.3N   6.4E  56   81  01m36s
00765  09 -1692 Jun 07  04:50:08  39268 -45659   T    0.6331  1.0216  59.6N 100.2W  50   95  01m38s
00809  10 -1674 Jun 18  11:56:44  38865 -45436   T    0.7047  1.0227  67.4N 155.1E  45  110  01m36s
00849  11 -1656 Jun 28  19:08:31  38465 -45213   T    0.7729  1.0231  74.4N  55.8E  39  125  01m31s
00890  12 -1638 Jul 10  02:27:59  38066 -44990   T    0.8355  1.0227  79.4N  30.3W  33  142  01m24s
00931  13 -1620 Jul 20  09:55:17  37670 -44767   T    0.8927  1.0217  79.8N 101.9W  26  166  01m16s
00972  14 -1602 Jul 31  17:30:59  37276 -44544   T    0.9438  1.0198  75.5N 172.5E  19  209  01m06s
01013  15 -1584 Aug 11  01:16:09  36884 -44321   T    0.9879  1.0164  68.0N  75.4E   8  414  00m51s

01054  16 -1566 Aug 22  09:11:28  36494 -44098   P    1.0244  0.9567  62.0N  40.2W   0             
01095  17 -1548 Sep 01  17:16:45  36106 -43875   P    1.0539  0.9018  61.4N 172.2W   0             
01135  18 -1530 Sep 13  01:30:42  35720 -43652   P    1.0771  0.8587  61.0N  53.9E   0             
01175  19 -1512 Sep 23  09:54:09  35336 -43429   P    1.0935  0.8282  60.7N  82.3W   0             
01215  20 -1494 Oct 04  18:25:40  34954 -43206   P    1.1040  0.8087  60.6N 139.5E   0             
01255  21 -1476 Oct 15  03:04:02  34575 -42983   P    1.1097  0.7982  60.7N   0.3W   0             
01295  22 -1458 Oct 26  11:47:51  34197 -42760   P    1.1115  0.7949  60.9N 141.5W   0             
01336  23 -1440 Nov 05  20:35:39  33822 -42537   P    1.1108  0.7964  61.3N  76.2E   0             
01377  24 -1422 Nov 17  05:26:18  33448 -42314   P    1.1083  0.8014  61.9N  66.9W   0             
01418  25 -1404 Nov 27  14:16:25  33077 -42091   P    1.1066  0.8051  62.6N 149.9E   0             

01459  26 -1386 Dec 08  23:06:43  32708 -41868   P    1.1054  0.8081  63.4N   6.5E   0             
01501  27 -1368 Dec 19  07:53:14  32340 -41645   P    1.1072  0.8055  64.3N 136.3W   0             
01543  28 -1350 Dec 30  16:36:22  31975 -41422   P    1.1125  0.7964  65.3N  81.4E   0             
01585  29 -1331 Jan 10  01:12:33  31612 -41199   P    1.1238  0.7761  66.4N  59.6W   0             
01628  30 -1313 Jan 21  09:43:54  31251 -40976   P    1.1394  0.7475  67.4N 160.1E   0             
01672  31 -1295 Jan 31  18:07:10  30892 -40753   P    1.1619  0.7057  68.5N  21.4E   0             
01716  32 -1277 Feb 12  02:23:05  30535 -40530   P    1.1908  0.6513  69.4N 116.1W   0             
01760  33 -1259 Feb 22  10:30:26  30180 -40307   P    1.2271  0.5823  70.2N 107.9E   0             
01806  34 -1241 Mar 05  18:30:45  29828 -40084   P    1.2695  0.5010  70.9N  26.8W   0             
01851  35 -1223 Mar 16  02:23:20  29477 -39861   P    1.3184  0.4067  71.3N 160.0W   0             

01896  36 -1205 Mar 27  10:08:41  29128 -39638   P    1.3732  0.3005  71.6N  68.3E   0             
01941  37 -1187 Apr 06  17:48:03  28782 -39415   P    1.4330  0.1840  71.5N  62.0W   0             
01987  38 -1169 Apr 18  01:22:14  28437 -39192   Pe   1.4971  0.0590  71.3N 169.3E   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to:

Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26