Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 35

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 35

Solar eclipses of Saros 35 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -1870 Jul 25. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0373 Jan 09. The total duration of Saros series 35 is 1496.50 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  -1870 Jul 25   01:47:41 TD
                       Last Eclipse =  -0373 Jan 09   10:07:20 TD

                      Duration of Saros  35  =  1496.50 Years

Saros 35 is composed of 84 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 35
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 84100.0%
PartialP 41 48.8%
AnnularA 3 3.6%
TotalT 38 45.2%
Hybrid[3]H 2 2.4%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 35 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 35
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 43100.0%
Central (two limits) 43100.0%
Central (one limit) 0 0.0%
Non-Central (one limit) 0 0.0%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 84 eclipses in Saros 35: 22P 3A 2H 38T 19P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 35 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 35
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse -1473 Mar 2001m19s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse -1437 Apr 1000m06s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse -0788 May 0405m59s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse -1383 May 1201m22s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse -1401 May 0200m55s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse -1419 Apr 2100m26s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse -1491 Mar 08 - 0.95202
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse -1870 Jul 25 - 0.00809

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 35

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 35. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 35.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 35

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

00314 -35 -1870 Jul 25  01:47:41  43349 -47859   Pb   1.5600  0.0081  66.8N 151.8E   0             
00361 -34 -1852 Aug 04  08:41:15  42926 -47636   P    1.5009  0.1091  67.9N  35.6E   0             
00407 -33 -1834 Aug 15  15:45:30  42505 -47413   P    1.4493  0.1971  68.9N  83.8W   0             
00452 -32 -1816 Aug 25  22:59:47  42087 -47190   P    1.4050  0.2724  69.8N 153.6E   0             
00498 -31 -1798 Sep 06  06:25:28  41670 -46967   P    1.3692  0.3331  70.6N  27.6E   0             
00544 -30 -1780 Sep 16  14:01:07  41255 -46744   P    1.3406  0.3814  71.2N 101.6W   0             
00589 -29 -1762 Sep 27  21:45:47  40843 -46521   P    1.3186  0.4185  71.6N 126.6E   0             
00634 -28 -1744 Oct 08  05:39:41  40432 -46298   P    1.3033  0.4443  71.7N   7.8W   0             
00680 -27 -1726 Oct 19  13:40:25  40024 -46075   P    1.2925  0.4624  71.6N 144.0W   0             
00726 -26 -1708 Oct 29  21:47:25  39618 -45852   P    1.2865  0.4725  71.2N  78.5E   0             

00770 -25 -1690 Nov 10  05:56:47  39213 -45629   P    1.2815  0.4809  70.6N  59.0W   0             
00814 -24 -1672 Nov 20  14:09:47  38811 -45406   P    1.2789  0.4852  69.7N 163.1E   0             
00854 -23 -1654 Dec 01  22:21:49  38411 -45183   P    1.2745  0.4928  68.8N  26.2E   0             
00895 -22 -1636 Dec 12  06:32:48  38013 -44960   P    1.2687  0.5027  67.7N 109.8W   0             
00936 -21 -1618 Dec 23  14:39:12  37617 -44737   P    1.2582  0.5207  66.6N 115.9E   0             
00977 -20 -1599 Jan 02  22:41:56  37223 -44514   P    1.2439  0.5453  65.5N  16.9W   0             
01018 -19 -1581 Jan 14  06:38:15  36831 -44291   P    1.2234  0.5810  64.5N 147.6W   0             
01059 -18 -1563 Jan 24  14:27:55  36442 -44068   P    1.1965  0.6282  63.5N  83.6E   0             
01100 -17 -1545 Feb 04  22:09:58  36054 -43845   P    1.1621  0.6891  62.7N  42.8W   0             
01140 -16 -1527 Feb 15  05:44:59  35668 -43622   P    1.1210  0.7626  62.0N 167.3W   0             

01180 -15 -1509 Feb 26  13:11:48  35285 -43399   P    1.0720  0.8508  61.4N  70.4E   0             
01220 -14 -1491 Mar 08  20:32:07  34903 -43176   P    1.0164  0.9520  60.9N  50.1W   0             
01260 -13 -1473 Mar 20  03:45:39  34524 -42953   A    0.9541  0.9823  53.6N 140.1W  17  207  01m19s
01300 -12 -1455 Mar 30  10:54:58  34147 -42730   A    0.8869  0.9909  49.7N 118.4E  27   67  00m42s
01341 -11 -1437 Apr 10  17:57:46  33771 -42507   A    0.8132  0.9987  47.6N  16.1E  35    8  00m06s
01382 -10 -1419 Apr 21  00:58:56  33398 -42284   H    0.7371  1.0055  46.5N  86.5W  42   28  00m26s
01423 -09 -1401 May 02  07:56:36  33027 -42061   H    0.6571  1.0118  45.9N 171.9E  49   53  00m55s
01464 -08 -1383 May 12  14:55:38  32658 -41838   T    0.5768  1.0173  45.4N  70.0E  55   72  01m22s
01506 -07 -1365 May 23  21:53:13  32291 -41615   T    0.4943  1.0220  44.6N  31.2W  60   86  01m47s
01548 -06 -1347 Jun 03  04:55:30  31926 -41392   T    0.4146  1.0260  43.3N 133.8W  65   97  02m09s

01591 -05 -1329 Jun 14  12:00:01  31563 -41169   T    0.3360  1.0292  41.3N 122.7E  70  105  02m30s
01634 -04 -1311 Jun 24  19:10:53  31203 -40946   T    0.2617  1.0317  38.5N  17.0E  75  111  02m48s
01678 -03 -1293 Jul 06  02:26:36  30844 -40723   T    0.1903  1.0335  35.0N  90.6W  79  115  03m04s
01723 -02 -1275 Jul 16  09:51:11  30487 -40500   T    0.1255  1.0347  30.8N 158.6E  83  118  03m16s
01767 -01 -1257 Jul 27  17:23:13  30133 -40277   T    0.0662  1.0352  26.1N  45.2E  86  119  03m24s
01813  00 -1239 Aug 07  01:04:07  29780 -40054   T    0.0136  1.0354  21.0N  71.2W  89  119  03m28s
01858  01 -1221 Aug 18  08:54:26  29430 -39831   T   -0.0318  1.0351  15.6N 169.4E  88  118  03m27s
01902  02 -1203 Aug 28  16:54:32  29082 -39608   T   -0.0696  1.0347  10.1N  47.2E  86  117  03m24s
01947  03 -1185 Sep 09  01:04:17  28735 -39385   T   -0.1000  1.0341   4.6N  77.7W  84  115  03m19s
01993  04 -1167 Sep 19  09:22:26  28391 -39162   T   -0.1239  1.0336   0.9S 155.2E  83  114  03m14s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 35

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

02039  05 -1149 Sep 30  17:49:36  28049 -38939   T   -0.1406  1.0331   6.2S  25.9E  82  113  03m09s
02085  06 -1131 Oct 11  02:23:56  27709 -38716   T   -0.1518  1.0329  11.3S 105.0W  81  112  03m05s
02131  07 -1113 Oct 22  11:04:26  27371 -38493   Tm  -0.1583  1.0330  16.2S 122.9E  81  113  03m04s
02175  08 -1095 Nov 01  19:50:07  27035 -38270   T   -0.1609  1.0335  20.6S  10.1W  81  114  03m04s
02218  09 -1077 Nov 13  04:39:31  26701 -38047   T   -0.1610  1.0345  24.5S 143.5W  81  118  03m08s
02261  10 -1059 Nov 23  13:30:32  26370 -37824   T   -0.1600  1.0360  27.8S  83.3E  81  123  03m15s
02304  11 -1041 Dec 04  22:21:18  26040 -37601   T   -0.1597  1.0380  30.5S  49.3W  81  129  03m23s
02348  12 -1023 Dec 15  07:11:01  25712 -37378   T   -0.1607  1.0405  32.3S 178.8E  81  137  03m34s
02390  13 -1005 Dec 26  15:57:57  25387 -37155   T   -0.1647  1.0434  33.4S  48.0E  80  147  03m46s
02431  14 -0986 Jan 06  00:39:41  25063 -36932   T   -0.1735  1.0467  33.7S  81.4W  80  158  03m59s

02472  15 -0968 Jan 17  09:15:55  24742 -36709   T   -0.1871  1.0503  33.2S 150.5E  79  170  04m12s
02513  16 -0950 Jan 27  17:45:09  24423 -36486   T   -0.2071  1.0541  32.2S  24.0E  78  183  04m25s
02554  17 -0932 Feb 08  02:07:49  24106 -36263   T   -0.2330  1.0579  30.6S 101.1W  76  196  04m38s
02594  18 -0914 Feb 18  10:21:12  23790 -36040   T   -0.2669  1.0617  28.9S 135.8E  74  210  04m51s
02634  19 -0896 Feb 29  18:27:53  23477 -35817   T   -0.3068  1.0652  27.0S  14.1E  72  223  05m04s
02675  20 -0878 Mar 12  02:25:29  23166 -35594   T   -0.3543  1.0685  25.2S 105.6W  69  237  05m16s
02716  21 -0860 Mar 22  10:16:37  22857 -35371   T   -0.4074  1.0712  23.7S 136.2E  66  251  05m28s
02756  22 -0842 Apr 02  17:59:38  22551 -35148   T   -0.4674  1.0733  22.8S  19.9E  62  266  05m39s
02796  23 -0824 Apr 13  01:37:47  22246 -34925   T   -0.5315  1.0747  22.5S  95.3W  58  282  05m49s
02837  24 -0806 Apr 24  09:10:23  21943 -34702   T   -0.6002  1.0752  23.1S 150.7E  53  300  05m56s

02878  25 -0788 May 04  16:38:37  21642 -34479   T   -0.6724  1.0747  24.9S  37.6E  48  322  05m59s
02919  26 -0770 May 16  00:03:57  21344 -34256   T   -0.7469  1.0732  28.1S  75.0W  41  352  05m54s
02960  27 -0752 May 26  07:27:48  21047 -34033   T   -0.8222  1.0705  33.0S 172.5E  34  398  05m40s
03002  28 -0734 Jun 06  14:51:32  20753 -33810   T   -0.8975  1.0665  40.2S  59.8E  26  491  05m12s
03046  29 -0716 Jun 16  22:15:24  20460 -33587   T   -0.9722  1.0601  52.4S  52.2W  13  874  04m21s
03090  30 -0698 Jun 28  05:42:08  20170 -33364   P   -1.0443  0.9358  65.4S 166.3W   0             
03135  31 -0680 Jul 08  13:12:07  19882 -33141   P   -1.1128  0.8025  66.4S  69.6E   0             
03180  32 -0662 Jul 19  20:46:12  19596 -32918   P   -1.1775  0.6774  67.4S  56.0W   0             
03225  33 -0644 Jul 30  04:25:23  19312 -32695   P   -1.2375  0.5622  68.4S 176.7E   0             
03271  34 -0626 Aug 10  12:11:00  19030 -32472   P   -1.2917  0.4591  69.3S  47.2E   0             

03317  35 -0608 Aug 20  20:03:46  18750 -32249   P   -1.3392  0.3698  70.2S  84.6W   0             
03364  36 -0590 Sep 01  04:02:30  18472 -32026   P   -1.3812  0.2916  70.9S 141.4E   0             
03412  37 -0572 Sep 11  12:09:48  18196 -31803   P   -1.4156  0.2284  71.4S   4.9E   0             
03458  38 -0554 Sep 22  20:23:51  17922 -31580   P   -1.4442  0.1769  71.7S 133.8W   0             
03503  39 -0536 Oct 03  04:46:01  17651 -31357   P   -1.4657  0.1389  71.7S  85.3E   0             
03548  40 -0518 Oct 14  13:12:47  17381 -31134   P   -1.4830  0.1090  71.5S  56.6W   0             
03593  41 -0500 Oct 24  21:46:30  17111 -30911   P   -1.4943  0.0902  71.0S 160.0E   0             
03638  42 -0482 Nov 05  06:23:22  16791 -30688   P   -1.5027  0.0767  70.4S  16.1E   0             
03681  43 -0464 Nov 15  15:03:43  16481 -30465   P   -1.5080  0.0687  69.5S 128.0W   0             
03725  44 -0446 Nov 26  23:44:34  16179 -30242   P   -1.5126  0.0618  68.5S  88.4E   0             


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 35

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

03769  45 -0428 Dec 07  08:26:02  15886 -30019   P   -1.5165  0.0560  67.5S  54.6W   0             
03811  46 -0410 Dec 18  17:04:14  15600 -29796   P   -1.5225  0.0462  66.4S 163.8E   0             
03853  47 -0392 Dec 29  01:38:40  15321 -29573   P   -1.5311  0.0315  65.3S  23.6E   0             
03895  48 -0373 Jan 09  10:07:20  15049 -29350   Pe  -1.5438  0.0092  64.3S 114.7W   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


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Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26