The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 43 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -1512 Apr 29. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0232 Jun 05. The total duration of Saros series 43 is 1280.14 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -1512 Apr 29 15:38:06 TD Last Eclipse = -0232 Jun 05 11:55:23 TD Duration of Saros 43 = 1280.14 Years
Saros 43 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 43 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 72 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 17 | 23.6% |
| Annular | A | 55 | 76.4% |
| Total | T | 0 | 0.0% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 0 | 0.0% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 43 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 43 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 55 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 54 | 98.2% |
| Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.8% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 72 eclipses in Saros 43: 8P 55A 9P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 43 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 43 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | -1116 Dec 23 | 09m30s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | -1368 Jul 24 | 01m24s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | -0376 Mar 11 | - | 0.97258 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | -1512 Apr 29 | - | 0.00409 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 43. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 43.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
01174 -36 -1512 Apr 29 15:38:06 35345 -43434 Pb 1.5386 0.0041 61.2N 16.3W 0
01214 -35 -1494 May 10 22:40:29 34963 -43211 P 1.4688 0.1342 61.6N 132.4W 0
01254 -34 -1476 May 21 05:39:55 34583 -42988 P 1.3975 0.2665 62.1N 112.1E 0
01294 -33 -1458 Jun 01 12:36:59 34206 -42765 P 1.3249 0.4003 62.7N 2.9W 0
01335 -32 -1440 Jun 11 19:34:14 33830 -42542 P 1.2530 0.5316 63.5N 118.1W 0
01376 -31 -1422 Jun 23 02:32:27 33456 -42319 P 1.1828 0.6588 64.4N 126.1E 0
01417 -30 -1404 Jul 03 09:33:53 33085 -42096 P 1.1160 0.7784 65.3N 9.3E 0
01458 -29 -1386 Jul 14 16:37:21 32716 -41873 P 1.0515 0.8922 66.3N 108.4W 0
01500 -28 -1368 Jul 24 23:47:15 32348 -41650 An 0.9934 0.9744 72.3N 130.2E 5 - 01m24s
01542 -27 -1350 Aug 05 07:01:49 31983 -41427 A 0.9399 0.9722 83.8N 51.1W 19 300 01m44s
01584 -26 -1332 Aug 15 14:24:39 31620 -41204 A 0.8938 0.9677 77.6N 143.6E 26 262 02m12s
01627 -25 -1314 Aug 26 21:53:09 31259 -40981 A 0.8532 0.9627 69.9N 17.0E 31 260 02m46s
01671 -24 -1296 Sep 06 05:31:22 30900 -40758 A 0.8213 0.9575 62.8N 105.0W 34 271 03m23s
01715 -23 -1278 Sep 17 13:15:57 30543 -40535 A 0.7954 0.9523 56.3N 133.1E 37 286 04m04s
01759 -22 -1260 Sep 27 21:08:24 30188 -40312 A 0.7766 0.9474 50.4N 10.0E 39 304 04m48s
01805 -21 -1242 Oct 09 05:06:41 29835 -40089 A 0.7632 0.9428 45.1N 114.3W 40 324 05m33s
01850 -20 -1224 Oct 19 13:11:44 29485 -39866 A 0.7557 0.9386 40.5N 120.1E 41 344 06m19s
01895 -19 -1206 Oct 30 21:20:03 29136 -39643 A 0.7517 0.9350 36.5N 6.3W 41 363 07m04s
01940 -18 -1188 Nov 10 05:31:05 28790 -39420 A 0.7504 0.9320 33.1N 133.3W 41 382 07m47s
01986 -17 -1170 Nov 21 13:42:38 28445 -39197 A 0.7502 0.9296 30.3N 99.6E 41 397 08m26s
02033 -16 -1152 Dec 01 21:54:20 28103 -38974 A 0.7504 0.9280 28.0N 27.5W 41 409 08m57s
02079 -15 -1134 Dec 13 06:01:40 27762 -38751 A 0.7477 0.9270 26.0N 153.4W 41 414 09m19s
02124 -14 -1116 Dec 23 14:05:12 27424 -38528 A 0.7423 0.9267 24.4N 81.6E 42 412 09m30s
02168 -13 -1097 Jan 03 22:01:28 27088 -38305 A 0.7314 0.9271 23.1N 41.4W 43 401 09m29s
02211 -12 -1079 Jan 14 05:51:35 26754 -38082 A 0.7159 0.9280 22.0N 162.6W 44 384 09m17s
02254 -11 -1061 Jan 25 13:30:53 26422 -37859 A 0.6917 0.9295 20.9N 79.3E 46 361 08m56s
02297 -10 -1043 Feb 04 21:02:29 26092 -37636 A 0.6615 0.9313 20.2N 36.5W 48 336 08m28s
02341 -09 -1025 Feb 16 04:22:31 25764 -37413 A 0.6221 0.9335 19.7N 148.9W 51 310 07m57s
02383 -08 -1007 Feb 26 11:33:23 25438 -37190 A 0.5754 0.9359 19.4N 101.4E 55 285 07m26s
02425 -07 -0989 Mar 09 18:32:53 25114 -36967 A 0.5194 0.9383 19.4N 4.8W 59 263 06m57s
02466 -06 -0971 Mar 20 01:24:23 24792 -36744 A 0.4570 0.9408 19.6N 108.6W 63 243 06m32s
02507 -05 -0953 Mar 31 08:06:38 24473 -36521 A 0.3868 0.9430 19.9N 150.4E 67 226 06m12s
02548 -04 -0935 Apr 10 14:40:46 24155 -36298 A 0.3100 0.9451 20.1N 51.9E 72 211 05m58s
02588 -03 -0917 Apr 21 21:08:47 23840 -36075 A 0.2285 0.9468 20.1N 44.8W 77 200 05m50s
02628 -02 -0899 May 02 03:31:49 23526 -35852 A 0.1429 0.9482 19.7N 140.0W 82 192 05m49s
02668 -01 -0881 May 13 09:51:29 23215 -35629 A 0.0545 0.9492 18.6N 125.6E 87 187 05m54s
02709 00 -0863 May 23 16:08:30 22906 -35406 Am -0.0362 0.9498 16.8N 31.8E 88 184 06m05s
02749 01 -0845 Jun 03 22:26:25 22599 -35183 A -0.1262 0.9498 14.2N 62.5W 83 186 06m22s
02789 02 -0827 Jun 14 04:45:39 22293 -34960 A -0.2148 0.9494 10.7N 157.6W 78 190 06m42s
02830 03 -0809 Jun 25 11:08:06 21990 -34737 A -0.3008 0.9486 6.4N 105.8E 73 198 07m04s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
02871 04 -0791 Jul 05 17:35:32 21689 -34514 A -0.3830 0.9474 1.3N 7.3E 67 209 07m23s
02912 05 -0773 Jul 17 00:10:02 21390 -34291 A -0.4595 0.9459 4.4S 93.7W 63 224 07m36s
02954 06 -0755 Jul 27 06:52:13 21094 -34068 A -0.5298 0.9441 10.5S 162.6E 58 243 07m42s
02996 07 -0737 Aug 07 13:42:29 20799 -33845 A -0.5939 0.9421 17.0S 56.4E 53 265 07m40s
03040 08 -0719 Aug 17 20:43:10 20506 -33622 A -0.6496 0.9400 23.7S 53.1W 49 291 07m31s
03084 09 -0701 Aug 29 03:53:51 20216 -33399 A -0.6975 0.9379 30.3S 165.6W 46 319 07m18s
03129 10 -0683 Sep 08 11:15:17 19927 -33176 A -0.7371 0.9361 36.9S 78.9E 42 348 07m02s
03174 11 -0665 Sep 19 18:46:45 19641 -32953 A -0.7690 0.9344 43.2S 39.3W 39 378 06m44s
03219 12 -0647 Sep 30 02:28:46 19356 -32730 A -0.7927 0.9332 49.2S 160.1W 37 405 06m26s
03264 13 -0629 Oct 11 10:19:51 19074 -32507 A -0.8096 0.9323 54.8S 77.1E 36 428 06m08s
03310 14 -0611 Oct 21 18:18:09 18794 -32284 A -0.8210 0.9322 60.1S 46.9W 34 443 05m50s
03357 15 -0593 Nov 02 02:24:04 18515 -32061 A -0.8268 0.9325 65.1S 171.4W 34 449 05m32s
03405 16 -0575 Nov 12 10:34:31 18239 -31838 A -0.8298 0.9336 69.8S 65.1E 34 446 05m15s
03452 17 -0557 Nov 23 18:49:07 17965 -31615 A -0.8297 0.9354 74.0S 55.6W 34 434 04m57s
03497 18 -0539 Dec 04 03:03:45 17693 -31392 A -0.8304 0.9378 77.6S 170.2W 34 419 04m39s
03542 19 -0521 Dec 15 11:19:54 17423 -31169 A -0.8304 0.9409 79.7S 84.1E 34 397 04m20s
03587 20 -0503 Dec 25 19:33:10 17156 -30946 A -0.8340 0.9446 79.6S 16.0W 33 374 03m59s
03632 21 -0484 Jan 06 03:43:31 16841 -30723 A -0.8405 0.9488 77.3S 121.4W 32 350 03m38s
03675 22 -0466 Jan 16 11:47:55 16529 -30500 A -0.8528 0.9533 74.1S 127.4E 31 328 03m16s
03719 23 -0448 Jan 27 19:47:31 16226 -30277 A -0.8698 0.9583 70.6S 12.6E 29 308 02m53s
03763 24 -0430 Feb 07 03:39:58 15931 -30054 A -0.8937 0.9633 67.4S 102.0W 26 296 02m30s
03805 25 -0412 Feb 18 11:25:21 15644 -29831 A -0.9242 0.9683 64.7S 145.4E 22 299 02m07s
03847 26 -0394 Feb 28 19:03:05 15364 -29608 A -0.9619 0.9727 63.0S 37.8E 15 362 01m46s
03889 27 -0376 Mar 11 02:34:06 15092 -29385 P -1.0057 0.9726 60.8S 52.2W 0
03930 28 -0358 Mar 22 09:57:33 14825 -29162 P -1.0565 0.8844 60.7S 172.8W 0
03969 29 -0340 Apr 01 17:15:28 14565 -28939 P -1.1126 0.7853 60.8S 67.9E 0
04009 30 -0322 Apr 13 00:27:44 14311 -28716 P -1.1739 0.6756 61.0S 50.0W 0
04050 31 -0304 Apr 23 07:37:10 14063 -28493 P -1.2383 0.5588 61.3S 167.2W 0
04091 32 -0286 May 04 14:41:45 13820 -28270 P -1.3071 0.4326 61.8S 76.7E 0
04131 33 -0268 May 14 21:46:32 13582 -28047 P -1.3763 0.3045 62.4S 39.6W 0
04171 34 -0250 May 26 04:49:31 13349 -27824 P -1.4474 0.1720 63.2S 155.6W 0
04212 35 -0232 Jun 05 11:55:23 13121 -27601 Pe -1.5169 0.0413 64.0S 87.4E 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
