Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 63

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 63

Solar eclipses of Saros 63 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -0879 Apr 20. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 0401 May 29. The total duration of Saros series 63 is 1280.14 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  -0879 Apr 20   19:29:54 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   0401 May 29   04:57:52 TD

                      Duration of Saros  63  =  1280.14 Years

Saros 63 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 63
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 72100.0%
PartialP 14 19.4%
AnnularA 14 19.4%
TotalT 42 58.3%
Hybrid[3]H 2 2.8%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 63 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 63
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 58100.0%
Central (two limits) 57 98.3%
Central (one limit) 1 1.7%
Non-Central (one limit) 0 0.0%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 72 eclipses in Saros 63: 7P 42T 2H 14A 7P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 63 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 63
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 0275 Mar 1502m10s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 0040 Oct 2400m08s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse -0194 Jun 0606m26s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse -0014 Sep 2201m19s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 0004 Oct 0200m46s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 0022 Oct 1400m17s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse -0771 Jun 24 - 0.91558
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse -0879 Apr 20 - 0.04142

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 63

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 63. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 63.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 63

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

02673 -36 -0879 Apr 20  19:29:54  23182 -35605   Pb   1.5192  0.0414  61.0N 121.4W   0             
02714 -35 -0861 May 02  02:38:41  22873 -35382   P    1.4433  0.1798  61.4N 121.3E   0             
02754 -34 -0843 May 12  09:44:12  22566 -35159   P    1.3638  0.3263  61.9N   4.7E   0             
02794 -33 -0825 May 23  16:51:36  22261 -34936   P    1.2846  0.4735  62.5N 112.6W   0             
02835 -32 -0807 Jun 02  23:58:25  21958 -34713   P    1.2038  0.6248  63.2N 130.2E   0             
02876 -31 -0789 Jun 14  07:10:12  21657 -34490   P    1.1259  0.7713  64.1N  11.4E   0             
02917 -30 -0771 Jun 24  14:24:39  21358 -34267   P    1.0495  0.9156  65.0N 108.3W   0             
02958 -29 -0753 Jul 05  21:44:52  21062 -34044   T    0.9769  1.0328  77.3N 138.0E  12  557  01m40s
03000 -28 -0735 Jul 16  05:10:58  20767 -33821   T    0.9082  1.0373  88.5N 145.4W  24  305  02m06s
03044 -27 -0717 Jul 27  12:45:12  20475 -33598   T    0.8458  1.0398  78.6N  96.3E  32  252  02m24s

03088 -26 -0699 Aug 06  20:27:21  20184 -33375   T    0.7890  1.0410  70.0N  21.4W  38  225  02m38s
03133 -25 -0681 Aug 18  04:17:49  19896 -33152   T    0.7387  1.0416  62.1N 141.6W  42  207  02m50s
03178 -24 -0663 Aug 28  12:17:52  19610 -32929   T    0.6960  1.0416  54.7N  95.4E  46  193  02m59s
03223 -23 -0645 Sep 08  20:26:44  19326 -32706   T    0.6603  1.0412  47.9N  30.0W  48  183  03m06s
03268 -22 -0627 Sep 19  04:44:18  19044 -32483   T    0.6314  1.0405  41.5N 157.7W  51  174  03m11s
03314 -21 -0609 Sep 30  13:10:06  18764 -32260   T    0.6092  1.0398  35.6N  72.5E  52  167  03m16s
03361 -20 -0591 Oct 10  21:43:55  18486 -32037   T    0.5934  1.0392  30.3N  59.2W  53  162  03m20s
03409 -19 -0573 Oct 22  06:24:20  18210 -31814   T    0.5830  1.0387  25.5N 167.6E  54  159  03m24s
03456 -18 -0555 Nov 01  15:09:28  17936 -31591   T    0.5764  1.0385  21.4N  33.3E  55  157  03m30s
03501 -17 -0537 Nov 12  23:59:29  17664 -31368   T    0.5735  1.0387  18.0N 102.1W  55  158  03m36s

03546 -16 -0519 Nov 23  08:51:54  17394 -31145   T    0.5724  1.0393  15.2N 122.0E  55  160  03m44s
03591 -15 -0501 Dec 04  17:44:58  17127 -30922   T    0.5717  1.0404  13.1N  14.0W  55  165  03m53s
03636 -14 -0483 Dec 15  02:36:40  16807 -30699   T    0.5698  1.0419  11.6N 149.8W  55  170  04m03s
03679 -13 -0465 Dec 26  11:26:22  16496 -30476   T    0.5660  1.0440  10.7N  75.1E  55  178  04m14s
03723 -12 -0446 Jan 05  20:12:29  16194 -30253   T    0.5588  1.0465  10.2N  59.1W  56  186  04m24s
03767 -11 -0428 Jan 17  04:52:35  15900 -30030   T    0.5466  1.0494  10.2N 168.4E  57  195  04m35s
03809 -10 -0410 Jan 27  13:26:55  15614 -29807   T    0.5294  1.0525  10.7N  37.4E  58  203  04m44s
03851 -09 -0392 Feb 07  21:53:26  15335 -29584   T    0.5057  1.0560  11.4N  91.3W  60  212  04m53s
03893 -08 -0374 Feb 18  06:12:52  15063 -29361   T    0.4761  1.0594  12.4N 142.0E  61  220  05m02s
03934 -07 -0356 Feb 29  14:23:05  14797 -29138   T    0.4386  1.0628  13.6N  17.9E  64  227  05m11s

03973 -06 -0338 Mar 11  22:26:24  14538 -28915   T    0.3954  1.0660  15.0N 104.2W  67  233  05m19s
04014 -05 -0320 Mar 22  06:21:05  14284 -28692   T    0.3452  1.0689  16.4N 136.3E  70  238  05m28s
04055 -04 -0302 Apr 02  14:08:34  14036 -28469   T    0.2890  1.0713  17.8N  19.0E  73  241  05m37s
04096 -03 -0284 Apr 12  21:48:54  13794 -28246   T    0.2270  1.0731  18.8N  96.2W  77  243  05m47s
04136 -02 -0266 Apr 24  05:23:32  13556 -28023   T    0.1606  1.0742  19.5N 150.4E  81  244  05m57s
04176 -01 -0248 May 04  12:53:34  13324 -27800   T    0.0902  1.0746  19.6N  38.4E  85  243  06m07s
04217  00 -0230 May 15  20:18:47  13096 -27577   Tm   0.0162  1.0742  18.8N  72.4W  89  241  06m16s
04257  01 -0212 May 26  03:42:22  12873 -27354   T   -0.0588  1.0729  17.3N 177.2E  87  237  06m23s
04298  02 -0194 Jun 06  11:04:05  12655 -27131   T   -0.1348  1.0707  14.9N  66.9E  82  232  06m26s
04340  03 -0176 Jun 16  18:26:21  12440 -26908   T   -0.2101  1.0678  11.5N  44.0W  78  226  06m23s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 63

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

04384  04 -0158 Jun 28  01:49:01  12230 -26685   T   -0.2844  1.0639   7.3N 155.5W  74  218  06m13s
04427  05 -0140 Jul 08  09:14:45  12023 -26462   T   -0.3557  1.0594   2.3N  91.6E  69  209  05m53s
04470  06 -0122 Jul 19  16:43:53  11820 -26239   T   -0.4232  1.0541   3.2S  22.9W  65  197  05m24s
04513  07 -0104 Jul 30  00:16:56  11620 -26016   T   -0.4867  1.0484   9.2S 138.9W  61  184  04m48s
04556  08 -0086 Aug 10  07:56:02  11424 -25793   T   -0.5444  1.0422  15.6S 103.1E  57  168  04m06s
04601  09 -0068 Aug 20  15:41:05  11231 -25570   T   -0.5964  1.0357  22.1S  16.9W  53  149  03m22s
04646  10 -0050 Aug 31  23:33:54  11041 -25347   T   -0.6410  1.0290  28.7S 139.2W  50  127  02m38s
04691  11 -0032 Sep 11  07:32:25  10854 -25124   T   -0.6801  1.0224  35.3S  97.0E  47  103  01m57s
04738  12 -0014 Sep 22  15:39:28  10669 -24901   T   -0.7112  1.0158  41.6S  29.0W  44   77  01m19s
04783  13  0004 Oct 02  23:52:25  10486 -24678   H   -0.7368  1.0095  47.8S 156.3W  42   48  00m46s

04829  14  0022 Oct 14  08:12:53  10306 -24455   H   -0.7556  1.0037  53.6S  75.1E  41   19  00m17s
04875  15  0040 Oct 24  16:37:57  10127 -24232   A   -0.7699  0.9982  59.2S  53.7W  39   10  00m08s
04920  16  0058 Nov 05  01:09:07   9951 -24009   A   -0.7787  0.9934  64.3S 177.8E  39   37  00m29s
04964  17  0076 Nov 15  09:42:44   9775 -23786   A   -0.7848  0.9891  68.9S  51.4E  38   62  00m46s
05009  18  0094 Nov 26  18:18:40   9601 -23563   A   -0.7886  0.9855  72.8S  71.4W  38   84  01m01s
05054  19  0112 Dec 07  02:54:33   9428 -23340   A   -0.7919  0.9825  75.5S 171.7E  37  103  01m13s
05098  20  0130 Dec 18  11:29:55   9256 -23117   A   -0.7953  0.9800  76.2S  59.4E  37  118  01m22s
05142  21  0148 Dec 28  20:00:51   9085 -22894   A   -0.8017  0.9780  75.1S  52.5W  36  132  01m30s
05184  22  0167 Jan 09  04:27:22   8914 -22671   A   -0.8110  0.9765  72.5S 168.1W  35  144  01m37s
05224  23  0185 Jan 19  12:46:54   8743 -22448   A   -0.8256  0.9752  69.3S  73.9E  34  157  01m42s

05265  24  0203 Jan 30  20:59:58   8572 -22225   A   -0.8449  0.9742  66.0S  45.4W  32  172  01m47s
05306  25  0221 Feb 10  05:02:06   8400 -22002   A   -0.8724  0.9731  63.2S 162.7W  29  196  01m52s
05347  26  0239 Feb 21  12:56:11   8229 -21779   A   -0.9056  0.9719  61.1S  81.9E  25  235  01m57s
05388  27  0257 Mar 03  20:38:34   8057 -21556   A   -0.9476  0.9702  60.2S  27.9W  18  335  02m03s
05429  28  0275 Mar 15  04:12:26   7884 -21333   As  -0.9957  0.9661  61.0S 120.4W   3   -   02m10s
05469  29  0293 Mar 25  11:33:58   7711 -21110   P   -1.0531  0.8842  60.7S 126.8E   0             
05508  30  0311 Apr 05  18:47:59   7537 -20887   P   -1.1156  0.7737  60.9S   8.9E   0             
05547  31  0329 Apr 16  01:51:19   7362 -20664   P   -1.1855  0.6500  61.2S 106.4W   0             
05587  32  0347 Apr 27  08:47:40   7186 -20441   P   -1.2601  0.5183  61.6S 139.9E   0             
05627  33  0365 May 07  15:35:42   7009 -20218   P   -1.3402  0.3772  62.2S  28.2E   0             

05668  34  0383 May 18  22:19:09   6832 -19995   P   -1.4227  0.2323  63.0S  82.6W   0             
05709  35  0401 May 29  04:57:52   6654 -19772   Pe  -1.5078  0.0836  63.8S 167.6E   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to:

Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26