The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 64 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0832 Apr 11. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0430 May 08. The total duration of Saros series 64 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -0832 Apr 11 18:10:34 TD Last Eclipse = 0430 May 08 11:47:21 TD Duration of Saros 64 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 64 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 64 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 19 | 26.8% |
| Annular | A | 46 | 64.8% |
| Total | T | 4 | 5.6% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 2 | 2.8% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 64 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 64 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 52 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 45 | 86.5% |
| Central (one limit) | 4 | 7.7% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 3 | 5.8% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 64: 8P 4T 2H 46A 11P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 64 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 64 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | 0159 Nov 27 | 08m34s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | -0580 Sep 10 | 00m30s | - |
| Longest Total Solar Eclipse | -0688 Jul 07 | 01m53s | - |
| Shortest Total Solar Eclipse | -0634 Aug 09 | 01m05s | - |
| Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | -0616 Aug 19 | 00m34s | - |
| Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | -0598 Aug 30 | 00m02s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | -0706 Jun 26 | - | 0.95187 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | -0832 Apr 11 | - | 0.05570 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 64. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 64.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
02778 -36 -0832 Apr 11 18:10:34 22381 -35024 Pb -1.5028 0.0557 71.4S 75.5E 0
02819 -35 -0814 Apr 23 01:38:07 22077 -34801 P -1.4421 0.1718 71.0S 51.3W 0
02860 -34 -0796 May 03 08:58:49 21776 -34578 P -1.3762 0.2978 70.5S 175.9W 0
02901 -33 -0778 May 14 16:17:05 21476 -34355 P -1.3088 0.4264 69.7S 60.5E 0
02942 -32 -0760 May 24 23:31:16 21179 -34132 P -1.2383 0.5604 68.9S 61.5W 0
02984 -31 -0742 Jun 05 06:45:52 20883 -33909 P -1.1686 0.6919 68.0S 177.0E 0
03027 -30 -0724 Jun 15 13:57:48 20590 -33686 P -1.0974 0.8255 67.0S 56.6E 0
03071 -29 -0706 Jun 26 21:13:03 20299 -33463 P -1.0292 0.9519 66.0S 64.1W 0
03115 -28 -0688 Jul 07 04:29:06 20010 -33240 T -0.9621 1.0234 50.3S 177.1W 15 299 01m53s
03160 -27 -0670 Jul 18 11:49:55 19723 -33017 T -0.8996 1.0208 40.2S 69.6E 26 162 01m50s
03205 -26 -0652 Jul 28 19:14:08 19438 -32794 T -0.8405 1.0166 34.1S 44.4W 33 104 01m31s
03250 -25 -0634 Aug 09 02:45:29 19155 -32571 T -0.7880 1.0117 30.5S 159.8W 38 64 01m05s
03296 -24 -0616 Aug 19 10:22:40 18874 -32348 H -0.7411 1.0062 28.6S 83.6E 42 31 00m34s
03343 -23 -0598 Aug 30 18:06:26 18595 -32125 H -0.7003 1.0005 28.2S 34.5W 45 2 00m02s
03390 -22 -0580 Sep 10 01:57:23 18318 -31902 A -0.6663 0.9945 29.0S 154.4W 48 25 00m30s
03437 -21 -0562 Sep 21 09:55:50 18044 -31679 A -0.6395 0.9887 31.0S 83.9E 50 51 01m00s
03483 -20 -0544 Oct 01 18:01:19 17771 -31456 A -0.6190 0.9830 33.8S 39.4W 52 75 01m29s
03528 -19 -0526 Oct 13 02:12:29 17501 -31233 A -0.6041 0.9777 37.3S 164.0W 53 98 01m56s
03573 -18 -0508 Oct 23 10:29:43 17232 -31010 A -0.5949 0.9727 41.2S 70.1E 53 120 02m20s
03618 -17 -0490 Nov 03 18:51:11 16932 -30787 A -0.5900 0.9682 45.4S 56.3W 54 140 02m42s
03663 -16 -0472 Nov 14 03:15:19 16618 -30564 A -0.5880 0.9643 49.5S 177.4E 54 158 03m01s
03707 -15 -0454 Nov 25 11:40:41 16312 -30341 A -0.5878 0.9611 53.4S 52.1E 54 174 03m18s
03750 -14 -0436 Dec 05 20:05:47 16015 -30118 A -0.5881 0.9584 56.6S 71.5W 54 187 03m32s
03793 -13 -0418 Dec 17 04:28:25 15726 -29895 A -0.5871 0.9564 58.8S 167.3E 54 197 03m43s
03835 -12 -0400 Dec 27 12:46:23 15444 -29672 A -0.5829 0.9549 59.4S 48.5E 54 203 03m54s
03877 -11 -0381 Jan 07 20:59:04 15169 -29449 A -0.5753 0.9541 58.5S 69.0W 55 205 04m03s
03918 -10 -0363 Jan 18 05:04:49 14901 -29226 A -0.5631 0.9538 55.9S 174.0E 55 205 04m11s
03957 -09 -0345 Jan 29 13:01:02 14639 -29003 A -0.5436 0.9540 51.9S 57.5E 57 201 04m18s
03997 -08 -0327 Feb 08 20:48:05 14383 -28780 A -0.5174 0.9544 46.8S 58.6W 59 195 04m27s
04038 -07 -0309 Feb 20 04:24:40 14133 -28557 A -0.4834 0.9551 40.7S 173.7W 61 186 04m34s
04080 -06 -0291 Mar 02 11:51:44 13889 -28334 A -0.4425 0.9559 34.0S 72.5E 64 178 04m42s
04120 -05 -0273 Mar 13 19:06:33 13649 -28111 A -0.3923 0.9569 26.7S 39.1W 67 170 04m50s
04160 -04 -0255 Mar 24 02:12:47 13415 -27888 A -0.3357 0.9576 19.1S 149.0W 70 163 04m58s
04201 -03 -0237 Apr 04 09:08:11 13186 -27665 A -0.2706 0.9582 11.2S 103.7E 74 157 05m05s
04242 -02 -0219 Apr 14 15:55:53 12961 -27442 A -0.1999 0.9585 3.1S 1.7W 78 154 05m11s
04283 -01 -0201 Apr 25 22:34:26 12740 -27219 Am -0.1221 0.9586 5.1N 104.6W 83 152 05m16s
04324 00 -0183 May 06 05:08:22 12524 -26996 A -0.0411 0.9581 13.1N 154.1E 88 152 05m20s
04367 01 -0165 May 17 11:36:29 12312 -26773 A 0.0443 0.9573 21.0N 54.9E 87 156 05m21s
04410 02 -0147 May 27 18:01:25 12104 -26550 A 0.1319 0.9560 28.5N 42.7W 82 162 05m21s
04453 03 -0129 Jun 08 00:24:36 11900 -26327 A 0.2205 0.9542 35.5N 138.7W 77 172 05m19s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
04496 04 -0111 Jun 18 06:48:07 11699 -26104 A 0.3085 0.9519 41.7N 126.6E 72 185 05m17s
04539 05 -0093 Jun 29 13:13:16 11501 -25881 A 0.3945 0.9493 46.9N 33.2E 67 203 05m17s
04584 06 -0075 Jul 09 19:40:40 11307 -25658 A 0.4782 0.9461 51.0N 59.2W 61 226 05m18s
04629 07 -0057 Jul 21 02:13:29 11116 -25435 A 0.5572 0.9427 53.7N 151.6W 56 254 05m23s
04674 08 -0039 Jul 31 08:52:03 10927 -25212 A 0.6312 0.9390 55.1N 115.1E 51 290 05m31s
04720 09 -0021 Aug 11 15:37:32 10741 -24989 A 0.6990 0.9351 55.3N 19.8E 45 334 05m42s
04766 10 -0003 Aug 21 22:31:23 10558 -24766 A 0.7597 0.9311 54.7N 78.7W 40 390 05m57s
04811 11 0015 Sep 02 05:34:31 10377 -24543 A 0.8127 0.9272 53.8N 179.0E 35 460 06m15s
04857 12 0033 Sep 12 12:47:30 10198 -24320 A 0.8576 0.9233 52.8N 72.9E 31 549 06m36s
04902 13 0051 Sep 23 20:08:25 10020 -24097 A 0.8962 0.9197 52.2N 36.3W 26 667 06m58s
04946 14 0069 Oct 04 03:39:59 9844 -23874 A 0.9260 0.9164 51.9N 149.6W 22 820 07m21s
04990 15 0087 Oct 15 11:19:28 9670 -23651 A 0.9493 0.9136 52.2N 94.1E 18 1029 07m44s
05035 16 0105 Oct 25 19:07:56 9497 -23428 A 0.9657 0.9114 53.0N 25.8W 14 1299 08m04s
05080 17 0123 Nov 06 03:01:20 9324 -23205 An 0.9783 0.9098 54.4N 147.6W 11 - 08m20s
05124 18 0141 Nov 16 11:01:39 9152 -22982 An 0.9854 0.9089 55.9N 87.2E 9 - 08m31s
05167 19 0159 Nov 27 19:04:23 8981 -22759 An 0.9908 0.9087 58.0N 39.4W 7 - 08m34s
05208 20 0177 Dec 08 03:09:25 8810 -22536 An 0.9944 0.9093 60.5N 167.5W 4 - 08m28s
05249 21 0195 Dec 19 11:13:25 8639 -22313 A+ 0.9991 0.9519 65.4N 64.8E 0
05290 22 0213 Dec 29 19:16:25 8468 -22090 A+ 1.0047 0.9436 66.5N 67.0W 0
05331 23 0232 Jan 10 03:14:59 8297 -21867 A+ 1.0141 0.9292 67.6N 161.8E 0
05372 24 0250 Jan 20 11:08:46 8125 -21644 P 1.0277 0.9080 68.7N 31.2E 0
05413 25 0268 Jan 31 18:56:05 7953 -21421 P 1.0468 0.8775 69.7N 98.5W 0
05453 26 0286 Feb 11 02:37:17 7780 -21198 P 1.0709 0.8382 70.5N 132.8E 0
05493 27 0304 Feb 22 10:09:17 7606 -20975 P 1.1031 0.7851 71.2N 5.8E 0
05532 28 0322 Mar 04 17:34:33 7431 -20752 P 1.1412 0.7212 71.7N 120.0W 0
05572 29 0340 Mar 15 00:51:25 7255 -20529 P 1.1866 0.6442 71.9N 116.0E 0
05612 30 0358 Mar 26 08:02:37 7079 -20306 P 1.2370 0.5574 71.9N 6.6W 0
05652 31 0376 Apr 05 15:05:04 6902 -20083 P 1.2949 0.4567 71.6N 126.9W 0
05693 32 0394 Apr 16 22:03:59 6724 -19860 P 1.3563 0.3488 71.1N 114.1E 0
05734 33 0412 Apr 27 04:56:34 6546 -19637 P 1.4234 0.2296 70.4N 2.9W 0
05775 34 0430 May 08 11:47:21 6368 -19414 Pe 1.4922 0.1063 69.6N 118.8W 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
