The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 80 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0333 Jun 13. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0929 Jul 09. The total duration of Saros series 80 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -0333 Jun 13 11:20:58 TD Last Eclipse = 0929 Jul 09 09:02:03 TD Duration of Saros 80 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 80 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 80 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 15 | 21.1% |
| Annular | A | 48 | 67.6% |
| Total | T | 6 | 8.5% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 2 | 2.8% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 80 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 80 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 56 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 54 | 96.4% |
| Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.8% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.8% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 80: 7P 48A 2H 6T 8P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 80 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 80 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | -0081 Nov 11 | 07m12s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | 0641 Jan 17 | 00m17s | - |
| Longest Total Solar Eclipse | 0767 Apr 03 | 01m55s | - |
| Shortest Total Solar Eclipse | 0695 Feb 19 | 01m05s | - |
| Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 0677 Feb 07 | 00m40s | - |
| Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 0659 Jan 28 | 00m12s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 0803 Apr 25 | - | 0.90742 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 0929 Jul 09 | - | 0.00490 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 80. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 80.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
03985 -33 -0333 Jun 13 11:20:58 14463 -28850 Pb -1.4808 0.1318 67.0S 70.1E 0
04026 -32 -0315 Jun 23 17:55:20 14211 -28627 P -1.4037 0.2677 66.0S 40.2W 0
04067 -31 -0297 Jul 05 00:30:09 13965 -28404 P -1.3270 0.4017 65.0S 150.2W 0
04107 -30 -0279 Jul 15 07:09:25 13724 -28181 P -1.2541 0.5282 64.1S 99.1E 0
04147 -29 -0261 Jul 26 13:52:50 13488 -27958 P -1.1846 0.6477 63.2S 12.3W 0
04188 -28 -0243 Aug 05 20:41:50 13257 -27735 P -1.1196 0.7583 62.5S 124.7W 0
04229 -27 -0225 Aug 17 03:38:08 13031 -27512 P -1.0606 0.8575 61.8S 121.2E 0
04270 -26 -0207 Aug 27 10:42:23 12809 -27289 A- -1.0082 0.9449 61.3S 5.3E 0
04311 -25 -0189 Sep 07 17:55:21 12592 -27066 A -0.9629 0.9257 54.1S 87.3W 15 1028 06m21s
04353 -24 -0171 Sep 18 01:16:16 12378 -26843 A -0.9241 0.9233 51.8S 164.7E 22 739 06m40s
04397 -23 -0153 Sep 29 08:46:34 12169 -26620 A -0.8929 0.9205 52.1S 51.8E 26 651 06m53s
04439 -22 -0135 Oct 09 16:24:33 11963 -26397 A -0.8680 0.9177 53.7S 63.8W 29 614 07m02s
04482 -21 -0117 Oct 21 00:09:43 11761 -26174 A -0.8491 0.9153 56.4S 178.5E 32 599 07m08s
04525 -20 -0099 Oct 31 08:01:17 11563 -25951 A -0.8354 0.9132 59.8S 59.2E 33 594 07m11s
04568 -19 -0081 Nov 11 15:58:12 11368 -25728 A -0.8266 0.9117 63.7S 60.8W 34 595 07m12s
04613 -18 -0063 Nov 21 23:58:15 11175 -25505 A -0.8201 0.9108 67.8S 179.9E 35 595 07m12s
04658 -17 -0045 Dec 03 07:59:17 10986 -25282 A -0.8143 0.9105 71.7S 63.3E 35 592 07m10s
04704 -16 -0027 Dec 13 16:00:18 10799 -25059 A -0.8087 0.9109 74.9S 48.1W 36 583 07m08s
04751 -15 -0009 Dec 24 23:59:49 10615 -24836 A -0.8021 0.9119 76.6S 152.8W 36 568 07m05s
04796 -14 0010 Jan 04 07:54:31 10433 -24613 A -0.7914 0.9138 75.7S 106.1E 37 542 07m03s
04842 -13 0028 Jan 15 15:44:31 10254 -24390 A -0.7769 0.9162 72.5S 0.9E 39 509 07m01s
04888 -12 0046 Jan 25 23:27:16 10076 -24167 A -0.7561 0.9194 67.6S 109.2W 41 469 06m59s
04932 -11 0064 Feb 06 07:03:55 9899 -23944 A -0.7300 0.9230 61.7S 137.8E 43 426 06m57s
04976 -10 0082 Feb 16 14:30:25 9725 -23721 A -0.6954 0.9272 55.0S 24.7E 46 380 06m55s
05021 -09 0100 Feb 27 21:50:10 9551 -23498 A -0.6548 0.9316 47.8S 88.1W 49 336 06m52s
05065 -08 0118 Mar 10 04:59:55 9378 -23275 A -0.6055 0.9363 40.1S 160.9E 53 295 06m47s
05109 -07 0136 Mar 20 12:02:35 9206 -23052 A -0.5499 0.9411 32.2S 51.3E 56 259 06m38s
05153 -06 0154 Mar 31 18:56:08 9035 -22829 A -0.4860 0.9460 24.0S 56.0W 61 226 06m25s
05195 -05 0172 Apr 11 01:44:29 8864 -22606 A -0.4172 0.9506 15.8S 162.0W 65 198 06m07s
05236 -04 0190 Apr 22 08:26:19 8693 -22383 A -0.3424 0.9551 7.7S 94.0E 70 174 05m44s
05277 -03 0208 May 02 15:03:13 8522 -22160 A -0.2628 0.9593 0.4N 8.4W 75 153 05m17s
05318 -02 0226 May 13 21:37:07 8351 -21937 A -0.1799 0.9631 8.1N 109.4W 80 136 04m47s
05359 -01 0244 May 24 04:09:35 8179 -21714 A -0.0948 0.9665 15.4N 150.6E 85 121 04m16s
05400 00 0262 Jun 04 10:42:17 8007 -21491 A -0.0093 0.9694 22.1N 51.4E 90 110 03m45s
05440 01 0280 Jun 14 17:15:49 7834 -21268 A 0.0764 0.9718 28.0N 47.0W 85 102 03m18s
05480 02 0298 Jun 25 23:53:31 7660 -21045 Am 0.1595 0.9736 32.9N 145.4W 81 96 02m55s
05519 03 0316 Jul 06 06:35:51 7486 -20822 A 0.2400 0.9750 36.7N 115.9E 76 92 02m37s
05559 04 0334 Jul 17 13:23:32 7311 -20599 A 0.3168 0.9759 39.4N 16.7E 71 91 02m23s
05599 05 0352 Jul 27 20:18:57 7135 -20376 A 0.3881 0.9763 40.7N 84.2W 67 91 02m15s
05639 06 0370 Aug 08 03:22:48 6958 -20153 A 0.4533 0.9765 41.0N 172.6E 63 94 02m09s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
05681 07 0388 Aug 18 10:36:49 6780 -19930 A 0.5112 0.9763 40.3N 66.3E 59 98 02m08s
05722 08 0406 Aug 29 17:59:08 6602 -19707 A 0.5632 0.9759 39.0N 42.9W 56 103 02m08s
05763 09 0424 Sep 09 01:33:22 6424 -19484 A 0.6062 0.9755 37.1N 156.0W 52 108 02m10s
05804 10 0442 Sep 20 09:16:50 6245 -19261 A 0.6424 0.9751 35.0N 87.6E 50 114 02m14s
05845 11 0460 Sep 30 17:11:26 6067 -19038 A 0.6702 0.9749 32.8N 32.4W 48 118 02m18s
05888 12 0478 Oct 12 01:13:46 5890 -18815 A 0.6924 0.9748 30.7N 154.9W 46 121 02m21s
05931 13 0496 Oct 22 09:26:26 5714 -18592 A 0.7070 0.9752 28.5N 79.5E 45 122 02m23s
05975 14 0514 Nov 02 17:45:19 5537 -18369 A 0.7173 0.9760 26.7N 48.1W 44 120 02m23s
06019 15 0532 Nov 13 02:11:04 5360 -18146 A 0.7224 0.9774 25.0N 177.6W 44 115 02m19s
06065 16 0550 Nov 24 10:41:00 5185 -17923 A 0.7249 0.9793 23.7N 51.8E 43 106 02m11s
06111 17 0568 Dec 04 19:15:00 5012 -17700 A 0.7245 0.9818 22.9N 79.9W 43 93 01m57s
06158 18 0586 Dec 16 03:49:22 4839 -17477 A 0.7247 0.9848 22.7N 148.3E 43 78 01m38s
06203 19 0604 Dec 26 12:23:39 4668 -17254 A 0.7257 0.9884 23.3N 16.6E 43 59 01m14s
06248 20 0623 Jan 06 20:55:51 4499 -17031 A 0.7292 0.9926 24.7N 114.7W 43 38 00m47s
06293 21 0641 Jan 17 05:25:38 4330 -16808 A 0.7350 0.9972 27.0N 114.5E 42 15 00m17s
06339 22 0659 Jan 28 13:49:17 4164 -16585 H 0.7468 1.0021 30.3N 15.0W 41 11 00m12s
06385 23 0677 Feb 07 22:08:16 3999 -16362 H 0.7632 1.0073 34.4N 143.7W 40 39 00m40s
06429 24 0695 Feb 19 06:19:39 3836 -16139 T 0.7865 1.0126 39.6N 88.8E 38 70 01m05s
06472 25 0713 Mar 01 14:25:35 3676 -15916 T 0.8151 1.0179 45.7N 38.0W 35 105 01m27s
06515 26 0731 Mar 12 22:22:19 3517 -15693 T 0.8516 1.0229 52.7N 164.2W 31 148 01m43s
06557 27 0749 Mar 23 06:13:53 3362 -15470 T 0.8932 1.0275 60.6N 68.0E 26 208 01m53s
06599 28 0767 Apr 03 13:57:12 3209 -15247 T 0.9422 1.0311 69.2N 67.0W 19 319 01m55s
06640 29 0785 Apr 13 21:35:47 3059 -15024 Tn 0.9956 1.0317 72.8N 113.4E 3 - 01m40s
06681 30 0803 Apr 25 05:07:36 2912 -14801 P 1.0553 0.9074 70.5N 21.3W 0
06722 31 0821 May 05 12:36:38 2768 -14578 P 1.1177 0.7903 69.7N 146.6W 0
06762 32 0839 May 16 20:01:39 2628 -14355 P 1.1841 0.6646 68.7N 89.6E 0
06802 33 0857 May 27 03:24:35 2492 -14132 P 1.2525 0.5338 67.8N 33.1W 0
06842 34 0875 Jun 07 10:46:55 2360 -13909 P 1.3221 0.4002 66.8N 155.1W 0
06882 35 0893 Jun 17 18:09:48 2231 -13686 P 1.3917 0.2658 65.8N 83.2E 0
06922 36 0911 Jun 29 01:34:54 2107 -13463 P 1.4599 0.1340 64.9N 38.6W 0
06962 37 0929 Jul 09 09:02:03 1988 -13240 Pe 1.5267 0.0049 64.0N 160.7W 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
