Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 82

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 82

Solar eclipses of Saros 82 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0293 Apr 22. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0969 May 19. The total duration of Saros series 82 is 1262.11 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  -0293 Apr 22   21:31:56 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   0969 May 19   02:05:07 TD

                      Duration of Saros  82  =  1262.11 Years

Saros 82 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 82
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 71100.0%
PartialP 16 22.5%
AnnularA 39 54.9%
TotalT 11 15.5%
Hybrid[3]H 5 7.0%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 82 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 82
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 55100.0%
Central (two limits) 54 98.2%
Central (one limit) 0 0.0%
Non-Central (one limit) 1 1.8%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 82: 8P 11T 5H 39A 8P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 82 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 82
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 0716 Dec 1810m35s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 0140 Jan 0700m05s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse -0131 Jul 2804m14s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse 0031 Nov 0301m04s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 0049 Nov 1400m46s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 0121 Dec 2700m01s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse -0167 Jul 07 - 0.98213
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse -0293 Apr 22 - 0.04445

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 82

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 82. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 82.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 82

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

04076 -37 -0293 Apr 22  21:31:56  13914 -28357   Pb  -1.5048  0.0445  70.9S  28.3W   0             
04116 -36 -0275 May 03  05:03:29  13674 -28134   P   -1.4392  0.1713  70.3S 155.2W   0             
04156 -35 -0257 May 14  12:31:26  13439 -27911   P   -1.3708  0.3041  69.5S  79.2E   0             
04197 -34 -0239 May 24  19:57:18  13209 -27688   P   -1.3006  0.4408  68.6S  45.2W   0             
04238 -33 -0221 Jun 05  03:22:34  12984 -27465   P   -1.2298  0.5784  67.7S 168.9W   0             
04279 -32 -0203 Jun 15  10:46:45  12763 -27242   P   -1.1581  0.7173  66.7S  68.1E   0             
04320 -31 -0185 Jun 26  18:13:18  12546 -27019   P   -1.0885  0.8517  65.7S  55.0W   0             
04363 -30 -0167 Jul 07  01:41:42  12334 -26796   P   -1.0204  0.9821  64.8S 178.1W   0             
04406 -29 -0149 Jul 18  09:15:06  12125 -26573   T   -0.9567  1.0553  49.1S  71.0E  16  635  04m06s
04449 -28 -0131 Jul 28  16:51:40  11921 -26350   T   -0.8959  1.0539  40.6S  44.3W  26  398  04m14s

04492 -27 -0113 Aug 09  00:35:30  11719 -26127   T   -0.8414  1.0510  36.0S 162.0W  32  308  04m05s
04535 -26 -0095 Aug 19  08:24:57  11521 -25904   T   -0.7919  1.0472  33.5S  78.9E  37  252  03m47s
04578 -25 -0077 Aug 30  16:21:46  11327 -25681   T   -0.7491  1.0429  32.7S  42.0W  41  211  03m25s
04623 -24 -0059 Sep 10  00:25:09  11135 -25458   T   -0.7123  1.0380  33.3S 164.5W  44  178  02m59s
04668 -23 -0041 Sep 21  08:36:41  10947 -25235   T   -0.6828  1.0331  35.0S  71.0E  47  150  02m34s
04714 -22 -0023 Oct 01  16:55:10  10760 -25012   T   -0.6597  1.0281  37.6S  55.1W  49  124  02m09s
04760 -21 -0005 Oct 13  01:19:37  10577 -24789   T   -0.6420  1.0233  40.9S 177.6E  50  102  01m46s
04805 -20  0013 Oct 23  09:50:43  10395 -24566   T   -0.6305  1.0186  44.7S  48.9E  51   81  01m23s
04851 -19  0031 Nov 03  18:26:45  10216 -24343   T   -0.6241  1.0143  48.8S  80.4W  51   62  01m04s
04898 -18  0049 Nov 14  03:06:57  10038 -24120   H   -0.6212  1.0104  52.8S 150.3E  51   46  00m46s

04942 -17  0067 Nov 25  11:48:04   9862 -23897   H   -0.6200  1.0071  56.5S  22.2E  51   31  00m31s
04986 -16  0085 Dec 05  20:30:56   9688 -23674   H   -0.6207  1.0042  59.5S 104.5W  51   19  00m19s
05031 -15  0103 Dec 17  05:12:14   9514 -23451   H   -0.6209  1.0019  61.5S 131.0E  51    9  00m09s
05075 -14  0121 Dec 27  13:50:54   9342 -23228   H   -0.6196  1.0002  62.0S   8.3E  51    1  00m01s
05119 -13  0140 Jan 07  22:24:43   9170 -23005   A   -0.6151  0.9989  60.9S 113.5W  52    5  00m05s
05162 -12  0158 Jan 18  06:53:14   8999 -22782   A   -0.6069  0.9981  58.2S 124.6E  52    8  00m09s
05203 -11  0176 Jan 29  15:13:49   8828 -22559   A   -0.5930  0.9978  54.1S   2.3E  53   10  00m11s
05244 -10  0194 Feb 08  23:26:02   8657 -22336   A   -0.5730  0.9977  49.0S 119.9W  55   10  00m12s
05285 -09  0212 Feb 20  07:28:52   8486 -22113   A   -0.5462  0.9978  43.2S 118.6E  57    9  00m11s
05326 -08  0230 Mar 02  15:22:39   8314 -21890   A   -0.5130  0.9980  36.8S   1.8W  59    8  00m11s

05367 -07  0248 Mar 12  23:05:01   8143 -21667   A   -0.4710  0.9982  29.9S 120.1W  62    7  00m10s
05409 -06  0266 Mar 24  06:38:31   7970 -21444   A   -0.4226  0.9982  22.7S 123.4E  65    7  00m11s
05449 -05  0284 Apr 03  14:01:36   7797 -21221   A   -0.3662  0.9980  15.2S   9.3E  68    7  00m13s
05489 -04  0302 Apr 14  21:16:59   7624 -20998   A   -0.3045  0.9974   7.6S 102.8W  72    9  00m17s
05528 -03  0320 Apr 25  04:21:58   7449 -20775   A   -0.2349  0.9965   0.0N 147.9E  76   13  00m24s
05568 -02  0338 May 06  11:22:03   7274 -20552   Am  -0.1621  0.9949   7.4N  40.2E  81   18  00m35s
05608 -01  0356 May 16  18:14:27   7097 -20329   A   -0.0835  0.9929  14.7N  65.0W  85   25  00m49s
05648  00  0374 May 28  01:04:03   6920 -20106   A   -0.0035  0.9903  21.4N 168.7W  90   34  01m06s
05689  01  0392 Jun 07  07:48:24   6743 -19883   A    0.0801  0.9872  27.7N  89.8E  85   45  01m26s
05730  02  0410 Jun 18  14:33:19   6565 -19660   A    0.1623  0.9835  33.1N  10.7W  80   59  01m47s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 82

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

05771  03  0428 Jun 28  21:16:15   6386 -19437   A    0.2453  0.9792  37.6N 109.7W  76   76  02m10s
05812  04  0446 Jul 10  04:00:55   6208 -19214   A    0.3260  0.9745  41.1N 151.9E  71   97  02m32s
05854  05  0464 Jul 20  10:47:29   6030 -18991   A    0.4042  0.9693  43.4N  53.7E  66  120  02m57s
05897  06  0482 Jul 31  17:38:50   5853 -18768   A    0.4775  0.9639  44.5N  45.5W  61  148  03m23s
05941  07  0500 Aug 11  00:35:02   5677 -18545   A    0.5458  0.9582  44.7N 146.1W  57  180  03m50s
05985  08  0518 Aug 22  07:37:14   5499 -18322   A    0.6084  0.9524  44.1N 111.0E  52  216  04m21s
06029  09  0536 Sep 01  14:46:51   5323 -18099   A    0.6640  0.9466  43.0N   5.4E  48  258  04m54s
06075  10  0554 Sep 12  22:04:09   5149 -17876   A    0.7127  0.9409  41.8N 103.1W  44  304  05m30s
06121  11  0572 Sep 23  05:28:53   4975 -17653   A    0.7545  0.9354  40.6N 145.5E  41  355  06m08s
06167  12  0590 Oct 04  13:02:00   4803 -17430   A    0.7888  0.9303  39.5N  31.1E  38  411  06m50s

06212  13  0608 Oct 14  20:42:44   4632 -17207   A    0.8163  0.9257  38.5N  86.0W  35  468  07m33s
06257  14  0626 Oct 26  04:31:02   4463 -16984   A    0.8372  0.9216  37.8N 154.2E  33  525  08m17s
06302  15  0644 Nov 05  12:24:02   4295 -16761   A    0.8539  0.9181  37.4N  32.6E  31  582  08m59s
06349  16  0662 Nov 16  20:23:11   4129 -16538   A    0.8650  0.9153  37.2N  91.0W  30  630  09m37s
06395  17  0680 Nov 27  04:24:53   3965 -16315   A    0.8734  0.9133  37.3N 144.4E  29  673  10m08s
06439  18  0698 Dec 08  12:28:45   3802 -16092   A    0.8799  0.9120  37.8N  19.0E  28  707  10m28s
06482  19  0716 Dec 18  20:30:55   3642 -15869   A    0.8874  0.9112  39.0N 106.1W  27  740  10m35s
06525  20  0734 Dec 30  04:32:13   3484 -15646   A    0.8952  0.9112  40.9N 128.8E  26  768  10m28s
06567  21  0753 Jan 09  12:29:12   3329 -15423   A    0.9060  0.9116  43.6N   4.4E  25  805  10m06s
06608  22  0771 Jan 20  20:20:40   3177 -15200   A    0.9210  0.9125  47.5N 119.4W  22  863  09m31s

06649  23  0789 Jan 31  04:05:08   3027 -14977   A    0.9412  0.9136  52.7N 117.2E  19  984  08m47s
06690  24  0807 Feb 11  11:42:08   2881 -14754   A    0.9674  0.9147  59.8N   7.8W  14 1318  07m53s
06731  25  0825 Feb 21  19:10:32   2738 -14531   A+   1.0002  0.9516  71.5N 154.8W   0             
06771  26  0843 Mar 05  02:29:36   2599 -14308   P    1.0404  0.8856  71.9N  80.9E   0             
06811  27  0861 Mar 15  09:40:04   2464 -14085   P    1.0873  0.8079  72.1N  41.5W   0             
06851  28  0879 Mar 26  16:42:00   2332 -13862   P    1.1411  0.7181  72.0N 161.7W   0             
06891  29  0897 Apr 05  23:34:59   2205 -13639   P    1.2019  0.6157  71.6N  80.6E   0             
06931  30  0915 Apr 17  06:21:01   2082 -13416   P    1.2684  0.5029  71.0N  34.9W   0             
06971  31  0933 Apr 27  13:00:25   1963 -13193   P    1.3402  0.3803  70.3N 148.1W   0             
07012  32  0951 May 08  19:35:30   1848 -12970   P    1.4152  0.2514  69.4N 100.4E   0             

07053  33  0969 May 19  02:05:07   1739 -12747   Pe   1.4945  0.1145  68.4N   9.1W   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


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Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26