Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 84

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 84

Solar eclipses of Saros 84 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0181 Apr 14. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1099 May 22. The total duration of Saros series 84 is 1280.14 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  -0181 Apr 14   08:48:52 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   1099 May 22   20:42:06 TD

                      Duration of Saros  84  =  1280.14 Years

Saros 84 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 84
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 72100.0%
PartialP 17 23.6%
AnnularA 1 1.4%
TotalT 43 59.7%
Hybrid[3]H 11 15.3%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 84 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 84
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 55100.0%
Central (two limits) 55100.0%
Central (one limit) 0 0.0%
Non-Central (one limit) 0 0.0%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 72 eclipses in Saros 84: 7P 1A 11H 43T 10P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 84 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 84
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse -0055 Jun 2800m05s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse -0055 Jun 2800m05s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse 0468 May 0806m56s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse 0919 Feb 0300m09s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 0143 Oct 2501m18s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse -0037 Jul 0900m24s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 0937 Feb 14 - 0.96856
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 1099 May 22 - 0.04827

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 84

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 84. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 84.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 84

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

04329 -35 -0181 Apr 14  08:48:52  12501 -26972   Pb  -1.5134  0.0692  71.4S 165.8E   0             
04372 -34 -0163 Apr 24  15:44:48  12290 -26749   P   -1.4394  0.1987  70.9S  47.5E   0             
04415 -33 -0145 May 05  22:36:34  12082 -26526   P   -1.3604  0.3385  70.2S  69.3W   0             
04458 -32 -0127 May 16  05:28:25  11878 -26303   P   -1.2800  0.4823  69.4S 174.5E   0             
04501 -31 -0109 May 27  12:19:21  11677 -26080   P   -1.1974  0.6312  68.4S  59.1E   0             
04544 -30 -0091 Jun 06  19:11:26  11480 -25857   P   -1.1144  0.7821  67.4S  56.1W   0             
04588 -29 -0073 Jun 18  02:06:24  11286 -25634   P   -1.0323  0.9320  66.4S 171.4W   0             
04633 -28 -0055 Jun 28  09:05:34  11095 -25411   A   -0.9523  0.9991  48.5S  79.5E  17   10  00m05s
04678 -27 -0037 Jul 09  16:10:20  10907 -25188   H   -0.8758  1.0041  37.3S  29.6W  29   30  00m24s
04724 -26 -0019 Jul 19  23:20:57  10722 -24965   H   -0.8030  1.0076  30.2S 139.5W  36   44  00m45s

04770 -25 -0001 Jul 31  06:40:18  10538 -24742   H   -0.7362  1.0101  25.6S 108.8E  42   50  00m59s
04815 -24  0017 Aug 10  14:07:44  10357 -24519   H   -0.6750  1.0118  22.9S   4.6W  47   54  01m08s
04861 -23  0035 Aug 21  21:43:50  10178 -24296   H2  -0.6201  1.0130  21.7S 119.8W  52   56  01m13s
04906 -22  0053 Sep 01  05:29:38  10001 -24073   H2  -0.5723  1.0138  21.8S 122.6E  55   57  01m15s
04950 -21  0071 Sep 12  13:25:34   9826 -23850   H2  -0.5324  1.0142  23.1S   2.5E  58   57  01m15s
04994 -20  0089 Sep 22  21:31:16   9651 -23627   H2  -0.4994  1.0146  25.2S 119.9W  60   57  01m15s
05039 -19  0107 Oct 04  05:45:26   9478 -23404   H2  -0.4727  1.0149  28.1S 115.6E  62   57  01m15s
05084 -18  0125 Oct 14  14:08:53   9306 -23181   H2  -0.4532  1.0153  31.5S  10.9W  63   58  01m16s
05128 -17  0143 Oct 25  22:40:07   9134 -22958   H2  -0.4397  1.0158  35.1S 139.1W  64   60  01m18s
05171 -16  0161 Nov 05  07:17:14   8963 -22735   T   -0.4303  1.0168  38.8S  91.9E  64   63  01m22s

05212 -15  0179 Nov 16  15:59:19   8792 -22512   T   -0.4248  1.0180  42.3S  37.6W  65   68  01m27s
05253 -14  0197 Nov 27  00:44:28   8621 -22289   T   -0.4213  1.0198  45.2S 167.0W  65   75  01m35s
05294 -13  0215 Dec 08  09:31:55   8450 -22066   T   -0.4194  1.0220  47.3S  64.0E  65   83  01m46s
05335 -12  0233 Dec 18  18:17:54   8278 -21843   T   -0.4161  1.0249  48.2S  64.0W  65   93  02m00s
05376 -11  0251 Dec 30  03:03:44   8106 -21620   T   -0.4123  1.0281  48.0S 168.3E  65  105  02m16s
05417 -10  0270 Jan 09  11:45:03   7934 -21397   T   -0.4047  1.0320  46.3S  41.2E  66  118  02m35s
05457 -09  0288 Jan 20  20:22:45   7761 -21174   T   -0.3936  1.0362  43.4S  85.8W  67  133  02m57s
05497 -08  0306 Jan 31  04:53:16   7587 -20951   T   -0.3761  1.0408  39.3S 147.7E  68  147  03m23s
05536 -07  0324 Feb 11  13:18:54   7412 -20728   T   -0.3543  1.0457  34.3S  21.2E  69  163  03m50s
05576 -06  0342 Feb 21  21:36:39   7237 -20505   T   -0.3256  1.0507  28.6S 104.3W  71  177  04m20s

05616 -05  0360 Mar 04  05:47:15   7060 -20282   T   -0.2905  1.0557  22.4S 131.2E  73  192  04m50s
05657 -04  0378 Mar 15  13:50:01   6883 -20059   T   -0.2483  1.0606  15.6S   8.1E  76  205  05m21s
05698 -03  0396 Mar 25  21:46:08   6705 -19836   T   -0.2001  1.0653   8.6S 113.6W  78  218  05m50s
05739 -02  0414 Apr 06  05:35:10   6527 -19613   T   -0.1457  1.0696   1.4S 126.3E  82  229  06m16s
05780 -01  0432 Apr 16  13:17:57   6348 -19390   T   -0.0858  1.0734   5.9N   7.9E  85  239  06m37s
05820  00  0450 Apr 27  20:55:28   6170 -19167   T   -0.0211  1.0765  13.2N 109.0W  89  248  06m50s
05862  01  0468 May 08  04:28:58   5992 -18944   Tm   0.0474  1.0789  20.2N 135.7E  87  255  06m56s
05905  02  0486 May 19  11:58:26   5815 -18721   T    0.1193  1.0806  27.0N  22.1E  83  262  06m54s
05949  03  0504 May 29  19:26:16   5639 -18498   T    0.1927  1.0813  33.3N  90.2W  79  267  06m44s
05993  04  0522 Jun 10  02:52:34   5462 -18275   T    0.2675  1.0812  38.9N 159.1E  74  272  06m28s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 84

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

06038  05  0540 Jun 20  10:19:58   5286 -18052   T    0.3414  1.0801  43.7N  49.4E  70  275  06m07s
06085  06  0558 Jul 01  17:47:13   5112 -17829   T    0.4153  1.0783  47.5N  59.0W  65  278  05m45s
06131  07  0576 Jul 12  01:18:44   4939 -17606   T    0.4856  1.0755  50.0N 167.5W  61  280  05m21s
06177  08  0594 Jul 23  08:52:46   4767 -17383   T    0.5537  1.0720  51.3N  83.9E  56  280  04m58s
06222  09  0612 Aug 02  16:33:18   4597 -17160   T    0.6163  1.0679  51.5N  26.5W  52  280  04m35s
06267  10  0630 Aug 14  00:17:53   4428 -16937   T    0.6751  1.0631  50.9N 138.7W  47  278  04m13s
06312  11  0648 Aug 24  08:10:54   4260 -16714   T    0.7270  1.0579  49.8N 105.7E  43  274  03m52s
06359  12  0666 Sep 04  16:09:34   4094 -16491   T    0.7740  1.0524  48.5N  12.3W  39  269  03m31s
06404  13  0684 Sep 15  00:16:17   3930 -16268   T    0.8140  1.0468  47.2N 133.6W  35  263  03m11s
06448  14  0702 Sep 26  08:29:49   3768 -16045   T    0.8481  1.0410  46.2N 102.4E  32  253  02m51s

06491  15  0720 Oct 06  16:51:39   3609 -15822   T    0.8749  1.0355  45.5N  24.8W  29  241  02m32s
06533  16  0738 Oct 18  01:19:49   3451 -15599   T    0.8964  1.0302  45.0N 154.4W  26  226  02m13s
06575  17  0756 Oct 28  09:53:47   3297 -15376   T    0.9127  1.0254  44.9N  73.6E  24  208  01m55s
06616  18  0774 Nov 08  18:33:10   3145 -15153   T    0.9242  1.0210  45.0N  60.4W  22  186  01m38s
06658  19  0792 Nov 19  03:16:47   2996 -14930   T    0.9316  1.0172  45.2N 163.8E  21  162  01m23s
06699  20  0810 Nov 30  12:02:24   2851 -14707   T    0.9373  1.0139  45.7N  27.2E  20  138  01m08s
06740  21  0828 Dec 10  20:49:00   2709 -14484   T    0.9416  1.0113  46.6N 110.0W  19  117  00m56s
06779  22  0846 Dec 22  05:34:51   2570 -14261   T    0.9462  1.0090  48.0N 112.8E  18   98  00m45s
06819  23  0865 Jan 01  14:19:03   2436 -14038   T    0.9518  1.0073  50.1N  24.4W  17   84  00m36s
06859  24  0883 Jan 12  22:58:13   2305 -13815   T    0.9609  1.0057  53.3N 160.9W  15   73  00m27s

06899  25  0901 Jan 23  07:33:16   2179 -13592   T    0.9731  1.0042  57.8N  62.0E  13   67  00m19s
06939  26  0919 Feb 03  16:00:53   2056 -13369   T    0.9909  1.0020  65.2N  78.9W   6   62  00m09s
06980  27  0937 Feb 14  00:21:18   1938 -13146   P    1.0142  0.9686  71.1N 132.6E   0             
07021  28  0955 Feb 25  08:32:13   1825 -12923   P    1.0447  0.9127  71.7N   4.3W   0             
07062  29  0973 Mar 07  16:34:55   1716 -12700   P    1.0813  0.8457  72.0N 139.5W   0             
07102  30  0991 Mar 19  00:28:00   1612 -12477   P    1.1249  0.7658  72.0N  87.6E   0             
07144  31  1009 Mar 29  08:11:00   1512 -12254   P    1.1762  0.6719  71.8N  42.7W   0             
07186  32  1027 Apr 09  15:45:07   1417 -12031   P    1.2337  0.5664  71.4N 170.4W   0             
07228  33  1045 Apr 19  23:10:13   1326 -11808   P    1.2979  0.4491  70.7N  64.7E   0             
07272  34  1063 May 01  06:27:56   1240 -11585   P    1.3668  0.3234  69.9N  57.8W   0             

07316  35  1081 May 11  13:37:25   1159 -11362   P    1.4413  0.1880  69.0N 177.6W   0             
07361  36  1099 May 22  20:42:06   1082 -11139   Pe   1.5185  0.0483  68.1N  64.4E   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to:

Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26