The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 89 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0018 Feb 04. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1316 Mar 24. The total duration of Saros series 89 is 1298.17 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0018 Feb 04 20:20:34 TD Last Eclipse = 1316 Mar 24 09:36:47 TD Duration of Saros 89 = 1298.17 Years
Saros 89 is composed of 73 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 89 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 73 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 33 | 45.2% |
| Annular | A | 40 | 54.8% |
| Total | T | 0 | 0.0% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 0 | 0.0% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 89 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 89 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 40 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 40 | 100.0% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 73 eclipses in Saros 89: 10P 40A 23P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 89 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 89 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | 0486 Nov 12 | 10m43s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | 0883 Jul 08 | 00m27s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 0919 Jul 29 | - | 0.91121 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 0018 Feb 04 | - | 0.02053 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 89. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 89.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
04817 -33 0018 Feb 04 20:20:34 10353 -24513 Pb 1.5494 0.0205 62.2N 132.7W 0
04863 -32 0036 Feb 16 04:03:39 10174 -24290 P 1.5240 0.0641 61.7N 101.8E 0
04908 -31 0054 Feb 26 11:35:35 9996 -24067 P 1.4903 0.1220 61.2N 20.8W 0
04952 -30 0072 Mar 08 18:58:25 9821 -23844 P 1.4497 0.1916 60.9N 140.9W 0
04996 -29 0090 Mar 20 02:09:19 9646 -23621 P 1.3998 0.2774 60.8N 101.9E 0
05041 -28 0108 Mar 30 09:12:09 9473 -23398 P 1.3438 0.3738 60.8N 13.2W 0
05085 -27 0126 Apr 10 16:04:42 9301 -23175 P 1.2800 0.4837 61.0N 125.8W 0
05129 -26 0144 Apr 20 22:49:07 9129 -22952 P 1.2098 0.6047 61.3N 123.6E 0
05172 -25 0162 May 02 05:26:00 8958 -22729 P 1.1337 0.7359 61.8N 14.9E 0
05213 -24 0180 May 12 11:57:30 8787 -22506 P 1.0536 0.8738 62.4N 92.7W 0
05254 -23 0198 May 23 18:24:58 8616 -22283 A 0.9702 0.9440 71.7N 172.1W 13 892 03m34s
05295 -22 0216 Jun 03 00:48:22 8445 -22060 A 0.8836 0.9464 76.5N 137.3E 28 426 03m48s
05336 -21 0234 Jun 14 07:11:48 8274 -21837 A 0.7974 0.9469 74.4N 76.6E 37 326 04m05s
05377 -20 0252 Jun 24 13:35:01 8102 -21614 A 0.7112 0.9466 68.9N 0.1W 44 281 04m27s
05418 -19 0270 Jul 05 20:00:46 7929 -21391 A 0.6271 0.9456 62.2N 87.5W 51 258 04m54s
05458 -18 0288 Jul 16 02:29:07 7756 -21168 A 0.5451 0.9441 54.9N 179.3E 57 247 05m26s
05498 -17 0306 Jul 27 09:03:59 7582 -20945 A 0.4683 0.9422 47.5N 81.8E 62 242 06m03s
05537 -16 0324 Aug 06 15:44:50 7407 -20722 A 0.3967 0.9399 39.9N 18.8W 66 243 06m42s
05577 -15 0342 Aug 17 22:33:14 7232 -20499 A 0.3313 0.9374 32.4N 122.3W 70 246 07m21s
05617 -14 0360 Aug 28 05:30:14 7055 -20276 A 0.2727 0.9348 25.1N 131.5E 74 252 07m59s
05658 -13 0378 Sep 08 12:37:19 6878 -20053 A 0.2222 0.9322 18.0N 22.5E 77 259 08m35s
05699 -12 0396 Sep 18 19:53:40 6700 -19830 A 0.1792 0.9297 11.2N 88.9W 80 267 09m07s
05740 -11 0414 Sep 30 03:19:02 6522 -19607 A 0.1434 0.9274 4.9N 157.5E 82 275 09m35s
05781 -10 0432 Oct 10 10:53:48 6344 -19384 A 0.1154 0.9254 1.0S 41.8E 83 283 10m00s
05821 -09 0450 Oct 21 18:37:15 6165 -19161 A 0.0940 0.9238 6.2S 75.7W 85 289 10m20s
05863 -08 0468 Nov 01 02:27:24 5988 -18938 A 0.0780 0.9227 10.8S 165.5E 86 293 10m34s
05906 -07 0486 Nov 12 10:24:14 5811 -18715 A 0.0672 0.9221 14.6S 45.6E 86 295 10m43s
05950 -06 0504 Nov 22 18:25:08 5634 -18492 A 0.0592 0.9222 17.6S 75.0W 87 295 10m41s
05994 -05 0522 Dec 04 02:29:54 5457 -18269 A 0.0543 0.9229 19.7S 163.9E 87 292 10m31s
06039 -04 0540 Dec 14 10:34:02 5282 -18046 A 0.0482 0.9243 20.9S 43.2E 87 286 10m10s
06086 -03 0558 Dec 25 18:39:21 5107 -17823 A 0.0427 0.9263 21.2S 77.7W 88 278 09m41s
06132 -02 0577 Jan 05 02:41:04 4934 -17600 A 0.0334 0.9290 20.7S 162.3E 88 266 09m03s
06178 -01 0595 Jan 16 10:39:56 4762 -17377 A 0.0214 0.9324 19.5S 42.9E 89 253 08m20s
06223 00 0613 Jan 26 18:31:59 4592 -17154 A 0.0030 0.9363 17.9S 74.9W 90 237 07m35s
06268 01 0631 Feb 07 02:19:34 4423 -16931 A -0.0196 0.9407 15.8S 168.2E 89 220 06m49s
06313 02 0649 Feb 17 09:59:12 4256 -16708 A -0.0499 0.9455 13.6S 53.2E 87 201 06m05s
06360 03 0667 Feb 28 17:31:36 4090 -16485 Am -0.0868 0.9506 11.3S 60.1W 85 182 05m23s
06405 04 0685 Mar 11 00:55:43 3926 -16262 A -0.1313 0.9559 9.2S 171.3W 82 162 04m44s
06449 05 0703 Mar 22 08:13:08 3764 -16039 A -0.1819 0.9612 7.5S 79.2E 79 143 04m08s
06492 06 0721 Apr 01 15:23:02 3604 -15816 A -0.2396 0.9666 6.3S 28.5W 76 124 03m34s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
06534 07 0739 Apr 12 22:26:36 3447 -15593 A -0.3033 0.9717 5.9S 134.5W 72 106 03m03s
06576 08 0757 Apr 23 05:24:52 3293 -15370 A -0.3722 0.9766 6.3S 120.8E 68 89 02m34s
06617 09 0775 May 04 12:19:13 3141 -15147 A -0.4448 0.9812 7.7S 16.8E 64 74 02m06s
06659 10 0793 May 14 19:09:27 2992 -14924 A -0.5216 0.9852 10.3S 86.4W 58 61 01m41s
06700 11 0811 May 26 01:59:01 2847 -14701 A -0.5998 0.9887 14.1S 170.1E 53 49 01m17s
06741 12 0829 Jun 05 08:47:46 2705 -14478 A -0.6791 0.9916 19.2S 66.2E 47 40 00m57s
06780 13 0847 Jun 16 15:39:22 2567 -14255 A -0.7570 0.9937 25.5S 39.1W 41 34 00m42s
06820 14 0865 Jun 26 22:31:49 2432 -14032 A -0.8348 0.9949 33.5S 145.7W 33 32 00m31s
06860 15 0883 Jul 08 05:30:38 2302 -13809 A -0.9080 0.9951 43.3S 104.5E 24 41 00m27s
06900 16 0901 Jul 18 12:33:26 2175 -13586 A -0.9786 0.9934 58.0S 10.5W 11 119 00m32s
06940 17 0919 Jul 29 19:44:05 2053 -13363 P -1.0437 0.9112 69.6S 136.8W 0
06981 18 0937 Aug 09 03:00:57 1935 -13140 P -1.1044 0.8013 70.4S 101.0E 0
07022 19 0955 Aug 20 10:27:56 1822 -12917 P -1.1576 0.7047 71.1S 24.3W 0
07063 20 0973 Aug 30 18:03:13 1713 -12694 P -1.2046 0.6191 71.6S 152.2W 0
07104 21 0991 Sep 11 01:47:57 1609 -12471 P -1.2447 0.5462 71.8S 77.3E 0
07146 22 1009 Sep 21 09:42:23 1509 -12248 P -1.2777 0.4860 71.9S 55.9W 0
07188 23 1027 Oct 02 17:46:43 1414 -12025 P -1.3036 0.4389 71.7S 168.6E 0
07230 24 1045 Oct 13 01:59:57 1324 -11802 P -1.3229 0.4038 71.2S 31.1E 0
07274 25 1063 Oct 24 10:20:36 1238 -11579 P -1.3370 0.3782 70.6S 107.7W 0
07318 26 1081 Nov 03 18:49:33 1157 -11356 P -1.3451 0.3634 69.7S 112.0E 0
07363 27 1099 Nov 15 03:24:19 1080 -11133 P -1.3496 0.3551 68.8S 29.2W 0
07408 28 1117 Nov 25 12:04:12 1008 -10910 P -1.3506 0.3531 67.8S 170.9W 0
07453 29 1135 Dec 06 20:46:56 939 -10687 P -1.3503 0.3536 66.7S 47.1E 0
07498 30 1153 Dec 17 05:32:01 875 -10464 P -1.3488 0.3560 65.7S 94.9W 0
07543 31 1171 Dec 28 14:16:40 815 -10241 P -1.3484 0.3564 64.7S 123.7E 0
07589 32 1190 Jan 07 22:59:43 759 -10018 P -1.3501 0.3528 63.7S 16.9W 0
07634 33 1208 Jan 19 07:39:49 706 -9795 P -1.3551 0.3431 62.9S 156.5W 0
07680 34 1226 Jan 29 16:15:54 657 -9572 P -1.3640 0.3259 62.3S 65.2E 0
07725 35 1244 Feb 10 00:45:37 611 -9349 P -1.3786 0.2979 61.7S 71.4W 0
07769 36 1262 Feb 20 09:09:20 568 -9126 P -1.3986 0.2595 61.4S 153.7E 0
07813 37 1280 Mar 02 17:25:39 528 -8903 P -1.4251 0.2084 61.1S 20.7E 0
07856 38 1298 Mar 14 01:35:41 490 -8680 P -1.4573 0.1459 61.1S 110.7W 0
07898 39 1316 Mar 24 09:36:47 455 -8457 Pe -1.4970 0.0686 61.2S 120.1E 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
