The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 90 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0134 Sep 28. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1345 Mar 04. The total duration of Saros series 90 is 1478.47 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -0134 Sep 28 15:55:39 TD Last Eclipse = 1345 Mar 04 22:47:14 TD Duration of Saros 90 = 1478.47 Years
Saros 90 is composed of 83 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 90 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 83 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 41 | 49.4% |
| Annular | A | 0 | 0.0% |
| Total | T | 40 | 48.2% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 2 | 2.4% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 90 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 90 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 42 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 42 | 100.0% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 83 eclipses in Saros 90: 20P 2H 40T 21P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 90 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 90 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Total Solar Eclipse | 0804 Apr 13 | 06m03s | - |
| Shortest Total Solar Eclipse | 0263 May 24 | 01m30s | - |
| Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 0245 May 13 | 00m48s | - |
| Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 0227 May 03 | 00m05s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 0984 Jul 31 | - | 0.98707 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 1345 Mar 04 | - | 0.03254 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 90. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 90.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
04443 -37 -0134 Sep 28 15:55:39 11952 -26385 Pb -1.5411 0.0433 60.7S 102.3W 0
04486 -36 -0116 Oct 08 23:39:19 11751 -26162 P -1.5142 0.0890 60.8S 132.3E 0
04529 -35 -0098 Oct 20 07:32:27 11552 -25939 P -1.4940 0.1233 61.1S 4.5E 0
04572 -34 -0080 Oct 30 15:31:59 11357 -25716 P -1.4782 0.1498 61.5S 124.9W 0
04617 -33 -0062 Nov 10 23:38:44 11165 -25493 P -1.4676 0.1675 62.2S 103.7E 0
04662 -32 -0044 Nov 21 07:49:10 10976 -25270 P -1.4592 0.1812 62.9S 28.8W 0
04708 -31 -0026 Dec 02 16:02:20 10790 -25047 P -1.4526 0.1916 63.8S 162.3W 0
04754 -30 -0008 Dec 13 00:16:16 10605 -24824 P -1.4460 0.2020 64.7S 63.8E 0
04799 -29 0010 Dec 24 08:29:33 10424 -24601 P -1.4384 0.2138 65.8S 70.4W 0
04845 -28 0029 Jan 03 16:40:00 10244 -24378 P -1.4276 0.2309 66.9S 155.7E 0
04891 -27 0047 Jan 15 00:46:09 10066 -24155 P -1.4127 0.2553 68.0S 22.4E 0
04935 -26 0065 Jan 25 08:47:30 9890 -23932 P -1.3930 0.2879 69.0S 110.4W 0
04979 -25 0083 Feb 05 16:42:51 9715 -23709 P -1.3681 0.3299 69.9S 117.8E 0
05024 -24 0101 Feb 16 00:30:33 9542 -23486 P -1.3358 0.3853 70.7S 12.8W 0
05068 -23 0119 Feb 27 08:11:25 9369 -23263 P -1.2970 0.4527 71.4S 142.2W 0
05112 -22 0137 Mar 09 15:44:51 9197 -23040 P -1.2511 0.5335 71.8S 89.9E 0
05156 -21 0155 Mar 20 23:12:18 9026 -22817 P -1.1993 0.6259 71.9S 36.8W 0
05197 -20 0173 Mar 31 06:31:47 8855 -22594 P -1.1400 0.7329 71.9S 161.5W 0
05238 -19 0191 Apr 11 13:46:44 8684 -22371 P -1.0759 0.8499 71.5S 75.1E 0
05279 -18 0209 Apr 21 20:55:53 8513 -22148 P -1.0056 0.9794 71.0S 46.4W 0
05320 -17 0227 May 03 04:02:14 8341 -21925 H -0.9320 1.0011 51.9S 172.2E 21 10 00m05s
05361 -16 0245 May 13 11:05:04 8170 -21702 H2 -0.8543 1.0086 39.9S 56.8E 31 57 00m48s
05402 -15 0263 May 24 18:08:00 7997 -21479 T -0.7755 1.0151 30.1S 55.0W 39 82 01m30s
05442 -14 0281 Jun 04 01:11:00 7825 -21256 T -0.6954 1.0205 21.7S 165.1W 46 97 02m08s
05482 -13 0299 Jun 15 08:15:24 7651 -21033 T -0.6154 1.0251 14.6S 85.6E 52 108 02m40s
05521 -12 0317 Jun 25 15:23:13 7477 -20810 T -0.5370 1.0288 8.7S 23.8W 57 116 03m04s
05561 -11 0335 Jul 06 22:34:59 7301 -20587 T -0.4608 1.0319 4.0S 133.3W 63 121 03m20s
05601 -10 0353 Jul 17 05:53:15 7125 -20364 T -0.3890 1.0341 0.6S 116.0E 67 124 03m27s
05641 -09 0371 Jul 28 13:16:47 6948 -20141 T -0.3207 1.0357 1.6N 4.5E 71 126 03m30s
05683 -08 0389 Aug 07 20:49:26 6771 -19918 T -0.2590 1.0366 2.6N 109.1W 75 127 03m28s
05724 -07 0407 Aug 19 04:29:24 6593 -19695 T -0.2024 1.0371 2.5N 135.6E 78 127 03m24s
05765 -06 0425 Aug 29 12:19:01 6414 -19472 T -0.1534 1.0371 1.3N 17.8E 81 126 03m19s
05806 -05 0443 Sep 09 20:16:39 6236 -19249 T -0.1104 1.0368 0.5S 102.1W 84 124 03m14s
05847 -04 0461 Sep 20 04:24:35 6058 -19026 T -0.0755 1.0364 3.1S 135.2E 86 123 03m09s
05890 -03 0479 Oct 01 12:40:26 5880 -18803 T -0.0466 1.0358 6.0S 10.6E 87 121 03m06s
05933 -02 0497 Oct 11 21:04:41 5704 -18580 T -0.0243 1.0354 9.2S 116.2W 89 119 03m04s
05977 -01 0515 Oct 23 05:36:13 5527 -18357 T -0.0076 1.0351 12.5S 115.2E 89 118 03m04s
06021 00 0533 Nov 02 14:15:16 5351 -18134 T 0.0028 1.0350 15.6S 15.0W 90 118 03m06s
06067 01 0551 Nov 13 22:58:50 5176 -17911 T 0.0101 1.0354 18.4S 146.1W 90 119 03m10s
06113 02 0569 Nov 24 07:46:44 5002 -17688 T 0.0140 1.0361 20.6S 82.0E 89 121 03m17s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
06160 03 0587 Dec 05 16:36:28 4830 -17465 T 0.0167 1.0373 22.1S 50.1W 89 125 03m26s
06205 04 0605 Dec 16 01:28:09 4659 -17242 Tm 0.0181 1.0389 22.7S 177.6E 89 131 03m37s
06250 05 0623 Dec 27 10:17:25 4490 -17019 T 0.0217 1.0412 22.2S 45.8E 89 138 03m51s
06295 06 0642 Jan 06 19:05:52 4321 -16796 T 0.0263 1.0437 20.8S 85.9W 89 146 04m06s
06341 07 0660 Jan 18 03:49:03 4155 -16573 T 0.0354 1.0468 18.2S 143.3E 88 156 04m22s
06387 08 0678 Jan 28 12:28:34 3990 -16350 T 0.0480 1.0501 14.8S 13.0E 87 166 04m40s
06431 09 0696 Feb 08 20:59:58 3828 -16127 T 0.0674 1.0537 10.3S 115.8W 86 178 04m58s
06474 10 0714 Feb 19 05:26:24 3667 -15904 T 0.0914 1.0574 5.2S 116.1E 85 190 05m15s
06517 11 0732 Mar 01 13:43:50 3509 -15681 T 0.1226 1.0611 0.7N 10.2W 83 202 05m32s
06559 12 0750 Mar 12 21:54:22 3353 -15458 T 0.1600 1.0647 7.0N 135.1W 81 214 05m46s
06601 13 0768 Mar 23 05:55:58 3200 -15235 T 0.2050 1.0679 13.9N 102.1E 78 226 05m56s
06642 14 0786 Apr 03 13:51:28 3051 -15012 T 0.2552 1.0709 21.0N 19.3W 75 238 06m02s
06684 15 0804 Apr 13 21:39:23 2904 -14789 T 0.3118 1.0732 28.3N 138.5W 72 250 06m03s
06725 16 0822 Apr 25 05:20:58 2761 -14566 T 0.3737 1.0750 35.8N 104.2E 68 262 05m58s
06765 17 0840 May 05 12:57:06 2621 -14343 T 0.4402 1.0759 43.3N 11.0W 64 274 05m46s
06805 18 0858 May 16 20:29:15 2485 -14120 T 0.5102 1.0760 50.7N 124.0W 59 287 05m30s
06845 19 0876 May 27 03:57:56 2353 -13897 T 0.5830 1.0753 57.9N 125.9E 54 301 05m10s
06885 20 0894 Jun 07 11:24:26 2225 -13674 T 0.6575 1.0736 64.6N 19.5E 49 318 04m47s
06925 21 0912 Jun 17 18:50:25 2101 -13451 T 0.7322 1.0708 70.4N 81.2W 43 340 04m21s
06965 22 0930 Jun 29 02:17:19 1981 -13228 T 0.8061 1.0671 74.4N 173.2W 36 372 03m55s
07006 23 0948 Jul 09 09:44:37 1866 -13005 T 0.8793 1.0621 75.4N 104.3E 28 431 03m27s
07047 24 0966 Jul 20 17:15:22 1755 -12782 T 0.9492 1.0556 72.4N 23.0E 18 597 02m55s
07087 25 0984 Jul 31 00:49:12 1649 -12559 P 1.0161 0.9871 62.4N 58.3W 0
07129 26 1002 Aug 11 08:28:52 1548 -12336 P 1.0778 0.8675 61.8N 177.3E 0
07171 27 1020 Aug 21 16:12:38 1451 -12113 P 1.1354 0.7563 61.4N 52.1E 0
07213 28 1038 Sep 02 00:04:02 1359 -11890 P 1.1865 0.6587 61.1N 74.9W 0
07256 29 1056 Sep 12 08:01:37 1271 -11667 P 1.2319 0.5725 60.9N 156.7E 0
07300 30 1074 Sep 23 16:06:44 1188 -11444 P 1.2706 0.4998 60.9N 26.4E 0
07344 31 1092 Oct 04 00:18:28 1110 -11221 P 1.3034 0.4387 61.1N 105.6W 0
07390 32 1110 Oct 15 08:37:44 1036 -10998 P 1.3297 0.3905 61.4N 120.6E 0
07435 33 1128 Oct 25 17:03:22 966 -10775 P 1.3504 0.3528 61.9N 15.0W 0
07480 34 1146 Nov 06 01:33:49 900 -10552 P 1.3669 0.3233 62.6N 151.9W 0
07525 35 1164 Nov 16 10:09:43 838 -10329 P 1.3785 0.3027 63.4N 69.7E 0
07571 36 1182 Nov 27 18:48:43 780 -10106 P 1.3869 0.2883 64.3N 69.8W 0
07616 37 1200 Dec 08 03:30:03 726 -9883 P 1.3933 0.2771 65.3N 149.9E 0
07661 38 1218 Dec 19 12:10:11 676 -9660 P 1.4002 0.2653 66.3N 9.4E 0
07707 39 1236 Dec 29 20:49:58 628 -9437 P 1.4069 0.2537 67.4N 131.4W 0
07752 40 1255 Jan 10 05:25:56 584 -9214 P 1.4160 0.2376 68.5N 88.1E 0
07796 41 1273 Jan 20 13:57:10 543 -8991 P 1.4282 0.2159 69.5N 51.8W 0
07839 42 1291 Jan 31 22:21:43 504 -8768 P 1.4452 0.1856 70.4N 169.4E 0
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
07881 43 1309 Feb 11 06:39:24 468 -8545 P 1.4670 0.1465 71.1N 31.7E 0
07923 44 1327 Feb 22 14:47:53 435 -8322 P 1.4956 0.0953 71.6N 104.3W 0
07964 45 1345 Mar 04 22:47:14 403 -8099 Pe 1.5306 0.0325 71.9N 121.7E 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
