Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 95

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 95

Solar eclipses of Saros 95 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0047 Jul 11. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1309 Aug 06. The total duration of Saros series 95 is 1262.11 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =   0047 Jul 11   18:20:49 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   1309 Aug 06   09:38:14 TD

                      Duration of Saros  95  =  1262.11 Years

Saros 95 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 95
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 71100.0%
PartialP 30 42.3%
AnnularA 41 57.7%
TotalT 0 0.0%
Hybrid[3]H 0 0.0%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 95 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 95
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 41100.0%
Central (two limits) 40 97.6%
Central (one limit) 0 0.0%
Non-Central (one limit) 1 2.4%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 95: 22P 41A 8P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 95 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 95
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 0768 Sep 1508m00s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 1165 May 1200m28s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 1183 May 23 - 0.97968
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 0047 Jul 11 - 0.01737

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 95

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 95. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 95.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 95

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

04893 -35  0047 Jul 11  18:20:49  10061 -24149   Pb   1.5350  0.0174  67.2N 123.1E   0             
04937 -34  0065 Jul 22  01:29:10   9885 -23926   P    1.4729  0.1325  68.2N   4.2E   0             
04981 -33  0083 Aug 02  08:41:17   9710 -23703   P    1.4145  0.2399  69.2N 116.2W   0             
05026 -32  0101 Aug 12  15:58:57   9537 -23480   P    1.3610  0.3372  70.0N 121.4E   0             
05070 -31  0119 Aug 23  23:23:07   9364 -23257   P    1.3133  0.4232  70.8N   3.2W   0             
05114 -30  0137 Sep 03  06:54:33   9192 -23034   P    1.2722  0.4962  71.4N 130.2W   0             
05157 -29  0155 Sep 14  14:32:13   9021 -22811   P    1.2368  0.5584  71.7N 100.8E   0             
05198 -28  0173 Sep 24  22:18:14   8850 -22588   P    1.2090  0.6067  71.9N  30.6W   0             
05239 -27  0191 Oct 06  06:10:58   8679 -22365   P    1.1871  0.6441  71.7N 163.6W   0             
05280 -26  0209 Oct 16  14:10:27   8508 -22142   P    1.1714  0.6705  71.3N  61.8E   0             

05321 -25  0227 Oct 27  22:15:17   8337 -21919   P    1.1606  0.6881  70.7N  73.6W   0             
05362 -24  0245 Nov 07  06:25:01   8165 -21696   P    1.1545  0.6978  69.9N 150.3E   0             
05403 -23  0263 Nov 18  14:38:13   7993 -21473   P    1.1518  0.7018  69.0N  14.0E   0             
05443 -22  0281 Nov 28  22:52:13   7820 -21250   P    1.1503  0.7038  67.9N 121.8W   0             
05483 -21  0299 Dec 10  07:07:16   7646 -21027   P    1.1501  0.7037  66.8N 102.7E   0             
05522 -20  0317 Dec 20  15:19:59   7472 -20804   P    1.1482  0.7066  65.8N  31.7W   0             
05562 -19  0335 Dec 31  23:29:52   7296 -20581   P    1.1448  0.7123  64.7N 165.0W   0             
05602 -18  0354 Jan 11  07:33:10   7120 -20358   P    1.1363  0.7266  63.8N  63.8E   0             
05642 -17  0372 Jan 22  15:31:22   6943 -20135   P    1.1241  0.7473  62.9N  65.8W   0             
05684 -16  0390 Feb 01  23:20:58   6766 -19912   P    1.1050  0.7797  62.2N 166.9E   0             

05725 -15  0408 Feb 13  07:01:38   6588 -19689   P    1.0792  0.8238  61.6N  42.1E   0             
05766 -14  0426 Feb 23  14:32:13   6409 -19466   P    1.0456  0.8811  61.1N  80.0W   0             
05807 -13  0444 Mar 05  21:53:09   6231 -19243   A+   1.0045  0.9513  60.8N 160.3E   0             
05848 -12  0462 Mar 17  05:04:02   6053 -19020   A    0.9555  0.9323  56.3N  74.2E  17  850  05m24s
05891 -11  0480 Mar 27  12:04:20   5876 -18797   A    0.8980  0.9358  54.3N  23.7W  26  530  05m16s
05934 -10  0498 Apr 07  18:55:52   5700 -18574   A    0.8337  0.9389  53.5N 121.2W  33  401  05m08s
05978 -09  0516 Apr 18  01:38:56   5522 -18351   A    0.7628  0.9415  53.1N 143.2E  40  329  05m01s
06022 -08  0534 Apr 29  08:14:13   5346 -18128   A    0.6856  0.9438  52.6N  50.0E  46  282  04m58s
06068 -07  0552 May 09  14:43:48   5171 -17905   A    0.6037  0.9455  51.6N  41.6W  53  250  05m00s
06114 -06  0570 May 20  21:08:33   4998 -17682   A    0.5179  0.9470  49.8N 132.0W  59  227  05m06s

06161 -05  0588 May 31  03:31:10   4825 -17459   A    0.4303  0.9478  47.1N 137.4E  64  212  05m18s
06206 -04  0606 Jun 11  09:50:53   4655 -17236   A    0.3401  0.9483  43.1N  46.5E  70  202  05m35s
06251 -03  0624 Jun 21  16:12:34   4485 -17013   A    0.2517  0.9481  38.3N  46.2W  75  197  05m56s
06296 -02  0642 Jul 02  22:35:07   4317 -16790   A    0.1639  0.9477  32.6N 140.5W  80  195  06m21s
06342 -01  0660 Jul 13  05:02:57   4151 -16567   A    0.0801  0.9468  26.4N 122.7E  85  197  06m46s
06388  00  0678 Jul 24  11:34:07   3986 -16344   Am  -0.0011  0.9455  19.6N  24.1E  90  201  07m10s
06432  01  0696 Aug 03  18:13:52   3823 -16121   A   -0.0754  0.9439  12.6N  77.4W  86  208  07m30s
06475  02  0714 Aug 15  00:59:30   3663 -15898   A   -0.1449  0.9420   5.4N 179.0E  82  217  07m46s
06518  03  0732 Aug 25  07:54:41   3505 -15675   A   -0.2066  0.9401   1.8S  72.7E  78  226  07m55s
06560  04  0750 Sep 05  14:57:59   3349 -15452   A   -0.2620  0.9381   8.9S  35.8W  75  238  08m00s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 95

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

06602  05  0768 Sep 15  22:12:37   3196 -15229   A   -0.3084  0.9362  15.8S 147.1W  72  249  08m00s
06643  06  0786 Sep 27  05:36:17   3047 -15006   A   -0.3475  0.9344  22.4S  99.6E  70  260  07m57s
06685  07  0804 Oct 07  13:09:48   2900 -14783   A   -0.3789  0.9329  28.6S  15.7W  68  270  07m52s
06726  08  0822 Oct 18  20:52:23   2757 -14560   A   -0.4031  0.9318  34.4S 132.5W  66  278  07m45s
06766  09  0840 Oct 29  04:43:55   2617 -14337   A   -0.4208  0.9311  39.4S 109.3E  65  284  07m35s
06806  10  0858 Nov 09  12:41:59   2481 -14114   A   -0.4334  0.9309  43.7S   9.3W  64  287  07m24s
06846  11  0876 Nov 19  20:46:20   2349 -13891   A   -0.4415  0.9313  47.1S 128.2W  64  287  07m11s
06886  12  0894 Dec 01  04:54:33   2221 -13668   A   -0.4470  0.9324  49.4S 113.1E  63  283  06m56s
06926  13  0912 Dec 11  13:06:23   2097 -13445   A   -0.4504  0.9341  50.4S   5.7W  63  276  06m38s
06966  14  0930 Dec 22  21:17:36   1978 -13222   A   -0.4550  0.9364  50.3S 124.2W  63  266  06m17s

07007  15  0949 Jan 02  05:29:26   1863 -12999   A   -0.4598  0.9394  49.1S 116.8E  62  253  05m54s
07048  16  0967 Jan 13  13:37:19   1753 -12776   A   -0.4687  0.9430  47.0S   1.9W  62  238  05m28s
07089  17  0985 Jan 23  21:42:16   1647 -12553   A   -0.4805  0.9472  44.3S 120.8W  61  221  05m00s
07131  18  1003 Feb 04  05:40:06   1545 -12330   A   -0.4990  0.9517  41.5S 121.4E  60  202  04m31s
07173  19  1021 Feb 14  13:33:29   1449 -12107   A   -0.5218  0.9568  38.5S   3.9E  58  182  04m01s
07215  20  1039 Feb 25  21:18:55   1357 -11884   A   -0.5521  0.9620  35.8S 112.0W  56  163  03m31s
07258  21  1057 Mar 08  04:57:18   1269 -11661   A   -0.5888  0.9675  33.6S 133.5E  54  142  03m01s
07302  22  1075 Mar 19  12:27:45   1186 -11438   A   -0.6326  0.9728  32.2S  20.9E  51  123  02m32s
07346  23  1093 Mar 29  19:51:50   1108 -11215   A   -0.6824  0.9782  31.6S  90.2W  47  103  02m02s
07392  24  1111 Apr 10  03:09:37   1034 -10992   A   -0.7383  0.9832  32.3S 160.1E  42   86  01m34s

07437  25  1129 Apr 20  10:21:11    964 -10769   A   -0.8000  0.9879  34.5S  52.1E  37   69  01m08s
07482  26  1147 May 01  17:28:51    898 -10546   A   -0.8658  0.9918  38.7S  54.9W  30   57  00m45s
07527  27  1165 May 12  00:33:05    837 -10323   A   -0.9349  0.9946  46.0S 160.4W  20   53  00m28s
07573  28  1183 May 23  07:34:59    779 -10100   P   -1.0067  0.9797  63.9S 104.1E   0             
07618  29  1201 Jun 02  14:35:50    725  -9877   P   -1.0802  0.8474  64.8S  11.0W   0             
07663  30  1219 Jun 13  21:37:18    674  -9654   P   -1.1537  0.7138  65.7S 126.7W   0             
07709  31  1237 Jun 24  04:41:09    627  -9431   P   -1.2260  0.5814  66.7S 116.7E   0             
07754  32  1255 Jul 05  11:47:02    583  -9208   P   -1.2971  0.4503  67.7S   0.8W   0             
07798  33  1273 Jul 15  18:58:15    542  -8985   P   -1.3644  0.3257  68.7S 120.2W   0             
07841  34  1291 Jul 27  02:14:27    503  -8762   P   -1.4280  0.2075  69.6S 118.6E   0             

07883  35  1309 Aug 06  09:38:14    467  -8539   Pe  -1.4863  0.0990  70.4S   5.0W   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to:

Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26