The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 105 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0499 Mar 27. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1779 May 16. The total duration of Saros series 105 is 1280.14 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0499 Mar 27 19:05:53 TD Last Eclipse = 1779 May 16 01:17:39 TD Duration of Saros 105 = 1280.14 Years
Saros 105 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 105 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 72 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 27 | 37.5% |
| Annular | A | 20 | 27.8% |
| Total | T | 21 | 29.2% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 4 | 5.6% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 105 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 105 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 45 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 43 | 95.6% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 2 | 4.4% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 72 eclipses in Saros 105: 7P 20A 4H 21T 20P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 105 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 105 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | 0643 Jun 22 | 02m17s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | 0968 Jan 02 | 00m21s | - |
| Longest Total Solar Eclipse | 1256 Jun 24 | 06m42s | - |
| Shortest Total Solar Eclipse | 1058 Feb 25 | 02m05s | - |
| Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 1040 Feb 15 | 01m35s | - |
| Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 0986 Jan 13 | 00m07s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 1436 Oct 10 | - | 0.95937 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 0499 Mar 27 | - | 0.01582 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 105. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 105.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
05937 -35 0499 Mar 27 19:05:53 5690 -18562 Pb 1.5545 0.0158 60.9N 177.1W 0
05981 -34 0517 Apr 07 01:59:05 5513 -18339 P 1.4893 0.1253 61.0N 70.1E 0
06025 -33 0535 Apr 18 08:45:54 5337 -18116 P 1.4182 0.2460 61.4N 41.1W 0
06071 -32 0553 Apr 28 15:28:06 5162 -17893 P 1.3421 0.3764 61.8N 151.2W 0
06117 -31 0571 May 09 22:04:44 4989 -17670 P 1.2604 0.5175 62.5N 99.9E 0
06163 -30 0589 May 20 04:40:20 4816 -17447 P 1.1766 0.6632 63.2N 8.9W 0
06208 -29 0607 May 31 11:14:14 4645 -17224 P 1.0906 0.8140 64.0N 117.5W 0
06253 -28 0625 Jun 10 17:49:19 4476 -17001 A+ 1.0042 0.9661 64.9N 133.3E 0
06298 -27 0643 Jun 22 00:25:51 4308 -16778 A 0.9176 0.9648 85.5N 94.4E 23 326 02m17s
06344 -26 0661 Jul 02 07:07:22 4142 -16555 A 0.8339 0.9692 79.9N 88.8E 33 203 02m11s
06390 -25 0679 Jul 13 13:53:46 3977 -16332 A 0.7531 0.9724 70.6N 2.3W 41 151 02m07s
06434 -24 0697 Jul 23 20:46:01 3815 -16109 A 0.6761 0.9749 61.7N 103.5W 47 122 02m04s
06477 -23 0715 Aug 04 03:46:01 3654 -15886 A 0.6044 0.9767 53.3N 150.8E 53 104 02m03s
06520 -22 0733 Aug 14 10:54:42 3496 -15663 A 0.5391 0.9780 45.2N 42.0E 57 93 02m03s
06562 -21 0751 Aug 25 18:12:50 3341 -15440 A 0.4805 0.9789 37.4N 69.8W 61 85 02m04s
06604 -20 0769 Sep 05 01:40:10 3188 -15217 A 0.4288 0.9795 30.0N 175.9E 64 80 02m06s
06645 -19 0787 Sep 16 09:18:23 3039 -14994 A 0.3853 0.9799 23.1N 58.8E 67 77 02m07s
06687 -18 0805 Sep 26 17:06:36 2892 -14771 A 0.3492 0.9802 16.6N 60.7W 69 75 02m09s
06728 -17 0823 Oct 08 01:04:03 2749 -14548 A 0.3201 0.9807 10.7N 177.7E 71 72 02m09s
06768 -16 0841 Oct 18 09:11:07 2610 -14325 A 0.2980 0.9812 5.5N 53.9E 73 70 02m07s
06808 -15 0859 Oct 29 17:26:19 2474 -14102 A 0.2818 0.9821 1.0N 71.5W 74 66 02m03s
06848 -14 0877 Nov 09 01:49:24 2342 -13879 A 0.2715 0.9832 2.7S 161.5E 74 62 01m57s
06888 -13 0895 Nov 20 10:16:39 2214 -13656 A 0.2637 0.9849 5.6S 33.8E 75 55 01m45s
06928 -12 0913 Nov 30 18:50:01 2091 -13433 A 0.2602 0.9870 7.6S 95.2W 75 48 01m30s
06968 -11 0931 Dec 12 03:24:53 1972 -13210 A 0.2568 0.9896 8.7S 135.7E 75 38 01m11s
07009 -10 0949 Dec 22 12:01:30 1857 -12987 A 0.2543 0.9929 8.9S 6.2E 75 26 00m48s
07050 -09 0968 Jan 02 20:35:37 1747 -12764 A 0.2490 0.9967 8.4S 122.7W 76 12 00m21s
07091 -08 0986 Jan 13 05:08:47 1641 -12541 H 0.2422 1.0011 7.2S 108.7E 76 4 00m07s
07133 -07 1004 Jan 24 13:37:07 1540 -12318 H 0.2304 1.0060 5.5S 18.9W 77 21 00m36s
07175 -06 1022 Feb 03 22:00:47 1444 -12095 H 0.2142 1.0113 3.4S 145.2W 78 40 01m06s
07217 -05 1040 Feb 15 06:17:48 1352 -11872 H2 0.1916 1.0169 1.0S 90.0E 79 59 01m35s
07260 -04 1058 Feb 25 14:28:43 1265 -11649 T 0.1634 1.0229 1.5N 33.1W 81 79 02m05s
07304 -03 1076 Mar 07 22:31:53 1182 -11426 T 0.1281 1.0290 3.9N 154.1W 83 99 02m34s
07348 -02 1094 Mar 19 06:28:14 1104 -11203 T 0.0862 1.0350 6.1N 86.7E 85 118 03m04s
07394 -01 1112 Mar 29 14:17:31 1030 -10980 T 0.0378 1.0410 8.0N 30.5W 88 137 03m34s
07439 00 1130 Apr 09 22:01:18 960 -10757 T -0.0160 1.0466 9.3N 146.1W 89 155 04m04s
07484 01 1148 Apr 20 05:37:53 895 -10534 Tm -0.0765 1.0520 9.8N 100.3E 86 172 04m35s
07529 02 1166 May 01 13:11:03 833 -10311 T -0.1406 1.0567 9.5N 12.4W 82 189 05m06s
07575 03 1184 May 11 20:39:04 776 -10088 T -0.2094 1.0609 8.3N 123.9W 78 204 05m35s
07620 04 1202 May 23 04:06:00 722 -9865 T -0.2801 1.0643 6.0N 124.6E 74 219 06m02s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
07666 05 1220 Jun 02 11:28:52 672 -9642 T -0.3546 1.0670 2.6N 13.7E 69 234 06m24s
07712 06 1238 Jun 13 18:53:33 625 -9419 T -0.4280 1.0689 1.7S 98.2W 65 248 06m38s
07757 07 1256 Jun 24 02:17:22 581 -9196 T -0.5023 1.0698 7.0S 149.4E 60 263 06m42s
07801 08 1274 Jul 05 09:44:26 540 -8973 T -0.5742 1.0700 13.0S 35.5E 55 278 06m35s
07844 09 1292 Jul 15 17:13:08 501 -8750 T -0.6450 1.0692 19.9S 79.6W 50 295 06m17s
07886 10 1310 Jul 27 00:47:46 466 -8527 T -0.7111 1.0676 27.2S 163.0E 44 313 05m51s
07927 11 1328 Aug 06 08:26:35 432 -8304 T -0.7736 1.0652 35.1S 43.6E 39 335 05m19s
07968 12 1346 Aug 17 16:11:26 401 -8081 T -0.8312 1.0622 43.4S 78.6W 33 365 04m43s
08009 13 1364 Aug 28 00:03:01 371 -7858 T -0.8832 1.0584 51.9S 155.6E 28 409 04m06s
08050 14 1382 Sep 08 08:02:24 343 -7635 T -0.9290 1.0541 60.5S 24.3E 21 487 03m29s
08091 15 1400 Sep 18 16:09:43 317 -7412 T -0.9684 1.0490 68.7S 118.1W 14 679 02m53s
08131 16 1418 Sep 30 00:24:11 292 -7189 T- -1.0021 1.0112 71.8S 63.7E 0
08171 17 1436 Oct 10 08:47:28 268 -6966 P -1.0286 0.9594 71.3S 76.0W 0
08211 18 1454 Oct 21 17:17:31 246 -6743 P -1.0499 0.9177 70.7S 143.0E 0
08251 19 1472 Nov 01 01:54:27 225 -6520 P -1.0657 0.8868 69.8S 0.9E 0
08291 20 1490 Nov 12 10:36:45 205 -6297 P -1.0774 0.8639 68.8S 141.9W 0
08332 21 1508 Nov 22 19:24:23 187 -6074 P -1.0850 0.8489 67.8S 74.6E 0
08374 22 1526 Dec 04 04:14:39 170 -5851 P -1.0905 0.8382 66.7S 68.9W 0
08415 23 1544 Dec 14 13:06:28 154 -5628 P -1.0948 0.8297 65.6S 147.6E 0
08456 24 1562 Dec 25 21:58:40 140 -5405 P -1.0990 0.8217 64.6S 4.6E 0
08497 25 1581 Jan 05 06:49:58 128 -5182 P -1.1041 0.8121 63.7S 137.9W 0
08538 26 1599 Jan 26 15:37:11 119 -4959 P -1.1125 0.7965 62.9S 80.9E 0
08579 27 1617 Feb 06 00:20:23 98 -4736 P -1.1241 0.7750 62.2S 59.0W 0
08623 28 1635 Feb 17 08:57:24 71 -4513 P -1.1407 0.7440 61.6S 162.7E 0
08668 29 1653 Feb 27 17:28:50 44 -4290 P -1.1619 0.7043 61.3S 26.0E 0
08714 30 1671 Mar 11 01:50:58 22 -4067 P -1.1906 0.6504 61.0S 108.3W 0
08759 31 1689 Mar 21 10:06:42 9 -3844 P -1.2245 0.5867 61.0S 119.0E 0
08804 32 1707 Apr 02 18:12:25 9 -3621 P -1.2661 0.5082 61.1S 11.1W 0
08849 33 1725 Apr 13 02:11:23 10 -3398 P -1.3132 0.4193 61.4S 139.6W 0
08895 34 1743 Apr 24 10:00:10 12 -3175 P -1.3682 0.3152 61.8S 94.4E 0
08941 35 1761 May 04 17:43:11 15 -2952 P -1.4274 0.2031 62.4S 30.3W 0
08987 36 1779 May 16 01:17:39 17 -2729 Pe -1.4928 0.0796 63.0S 153.1W 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
