Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 110

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 110

Solar eclipses of Saros 110 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 0463 Aug 30. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1743 Oct 17. The total duration of Saros series 110 is 1280.14 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =   0463 Aug 30   12:11:41 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   1743 Oct 17   14:25:42 TD

                      Duration of Saros 110  =  1280.14 Years

Saros 110 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 110
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 72100.0%
PartialP 33 45.8%
AnnularA 39 54.2%
TotalT 0 0.0%
Hybrid[3]H 0 0.0%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 110 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 110
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 39100.0%
Central (two limits) 39100.0%
Central (one limit) 0 0.0%
Non-Central (one limit) 0 0.0%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 72 eclipses in Saros 110: 23P 39A 10P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 110 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 110
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 1274 Dec 2911m44s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 0878 May 0602m28s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 1581 Jun 30 - 0.94542
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 1743 Oct 17 - 0.03868

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 110

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 110. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 110.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 110

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

05852 -37  0463 Aug 30  12:11:41   6039 -19002   Pb  -1.4959  0.0774  61.4S  51.2W   0             
05895 -36  0481 Sep 09  20:08:13   5861 -18779   P   -1.4589  0.1488  61.1S 179.9W   0             
05939 -35  0499 Sep 21  04:11:45   5685 -18556   P   -1.4281  0.2079  61.0S  49.8E   0             
05983 -34  0517 Oct 01  12:22:50   5508 -18333   P   -1.4042  0.2535  61.0S  82.5W   0             
06027 -33  0535 Oct 12  20:41:01   5332 -18110   P   -1.3865  0.2873  61.3S 143.5E   0             
06073 -32  0553 Oct 23  05:04:28   5157 -17887   P   -1.3737  0.3117  61.6S   8.1E   0             
06119 -31  0571 Nov 03  13:34:02   4984 -17664   P   -1.3665  0.3256  62.2S 128.9W   0             
06165 -30  0589 Nov 13  22:07:32   4812 -17441   P   -1.3634  0.3320  62.9S  92.9E   0             
06210 -29  0607 Nov 25  06:44:16   4641 -17218   P   -1.3633  0.3327  63.7S  46.4W   0             
06255 -28  0625 Dec 05  15:21:37   4471 -16995   P   -1.3647  0.3308  64.6S 173.9E   0             

06300 -27  0643 Dec 16  23:59:22   4303 -16772   P   -1.3669  0.3272  65.6S  33.8E   0             
06346 -26  0661 Dec 27  08:34:50   4137 -16549   P   -1.3681  0.3254  66.7S 106.2W   0             
06392 -25  0680 Jan 07  17:06:18   3973 -16326   P   -1.3669  0.3276  67.7S 114.3E   0             
06436 -24  0698 Jan 18  01:32:29   3810 -16103   P   -1.3624  0.3359  68.7S  24.4W   0             
06479 -23  0716 Jan 29  09:52:15   3650 -15880   P   -1.3537  0.3514  69.7S 162.2W   0             
06522 -22  0734 Feb 08  18:03:13   3492 -15657   P   -1.3386  0.3781  70.5S  61.7E   0             
06564 -21  0752 Feb 20  02:05:24   3337 -15434   P   -1.3174  0.4159  71.2S  72.7W   0             
06605 -20  0770 Mar 02  09:57:41   3184 -15211   P   -1.2892  0.4661  71.7S 154.8E   0             
06646 -19  0788 Mar 12  17:41:00   3035 -14988   P   -1.2547  0.5273  71.9S  24.3E   0             
06688 -18  0806 Mar 24  01:12:11   2888 -14765   P   -1.2111  0.6048  71.9S 103.2W   0             

06729 -17  0824 Apr 03  08:35:03   2745 -14542   P   -1.1616  0.6928  71.6S 131.6E   0             
06769 -16  0842 Apr 14  15:47:20   2606 -14319   P   -1.1039  0.7950  71.1S   9.3E   0             
06809 -15  0860 Apr 24  22:52:40   2470 -14096   P   -1.0414  0.9057  70.5S 110.7W   0             
06849 -14  0878 May 06  05:48:12   2339 -13873   A   -0.9715  0.9711  57.7S 120.3E  13  455  02m28s
06889 -13  0896 May 16  12:39:28   2211 -13650   A   -0.8986  0.9727  43.7S   6.4E  26  224  02m43s
06929 -12  0914 May 27  19:24:02   2088 -13427   A   -0.8205  0.9728  33.2S 100.7W  35  171  03m00s
06969 -11  0932 Jun 07  02:05:46   1969 -13204   A   -0.7406  0.9719  24.7S 154.8E  42  150  03m19s
07010 -10  0950 Jun 18  08:43:41   1854 -12981   A   -0.6580  0.9703  17.5S  52.5E  49  142  03m40s
07051 -09  0968 Jun 28  15:22:10   1744 -12758   A   -0.5764  0.9680  11.7S  49.0W  55  140  04m01s
07092 -08  0986 Jul 09  22:00:35   1638 -12535   A   -0.4952  0.9651   7.0S 149.8W  60  144  04m22s

07134 -07  1004 Jul 20  04:41:00   1537 -12312   A   -0.4161  0.9618   3.7S 109.6E  65  151  04m42s
07176 -06  1022 Jul 31  11:25:00   1441 -12089   A   -0.3406  0.9580   1.5S   8.4E  70  161  05m03s
07218 -05  1040 Aug 10  18:14:08   1349 -11866   A   -0.2696  0.9539   0.4S  93.7W  74  174  05m24s
07261 -04  1058 Aug 22  01:09:14   1262 -11643   A   -0.2043  0.9496   0.4S 162.7E  78  188  05m47s
07305 -03  1076 Sep 01  08:10:51   1180 -11420   A   -0.1448  0.9452   1.2S  57.6E  82  204  06m13s
07349 -02  1094 Sep 12  15:20:29   1102 -11197   A   -0.0922  0.9408   2.8S  49.7W  85  220  06m41s
07395 -01  1112 Sep 22  22:38:26   1028 -10974   Am  -0.0469  0.9365   4.8S 159.1W  87  237  07m13s
07440  00  1130 Oct 04  06:03:42    958 -10751   A   -0.0080  0.9324   7.2S  89.7E  89  253  07m48s
07485  01  1148 Oct 14  13:38:06    893 -10528   A    0.0231  0.9286   9.7S  23.9W  89  268  08m26s
07530  02  1166 Oct 25  21:19:40    832 -10305   A    0.0477  0.9253  12.2S 139.2W  87  282  09m05s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 110

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

07576  03  1184 Nov 05  05:09:12    774 -10082   A    0.0659  0.9224  14.4S 103.7E  86  294  09m45s
07621  04  1202 Nov 16  13:02:26    721  -9859   A    0.0809  0.9201  16.2S  14.2W  85  303  10m23s
07667  05  1220 Nov 26  21:01:31    670  -9636   A    0.0907  0.9185  17.4S 133.4W  85  311  10m57s
07713  06  1238 Dec 08  05:02:16    624  -9413   A    0.0988  0.9175  17.9S 107.1E  84  315  11m23s
07758  07  1256 Dec 18  13:04:38    580  -9190   A    0.1055  0.9172  17.5S  12.7W  84  317  11m39s
07802  08  1274 Dec 29  21:04:54    539  -8967   A    0.1138  0.9175  16.2S 132.2W  84  316  11m44s
07845  09  1293 Jan 09  05:03:32    500  -8744   A    0.1233  0.9185  13.9S 108.4E  83  312  11m36s
07887  10  1311 Jan 20  12:57:37    465  -8521   A    0.1365  0.9200  10.6S  10.1W  82  306  11m18s
07928  11  1329 Jan 30  20:45:47    431  -8298   A    0.1543  0.9222   6.5S 127.7W  81  297  10m51s
07969  12  1347 Feb 11  04:27:03    400  -8075   A    0.1778  0.9248   1.5S 116.0E  80  287  10m17s

08010  13  1365 Feb 21  12:00:58    370  -7852   A    0.2074  0.9279   4.1N   1.2E  78  276  09m38s
08051  14  1383 Mar 04  19:25:59    342  -7629   A    0.2444  0.9312  10.4N 111.8W  76  265  08m56s
08092  15  1401 Mar 15  02:42:43    316  -7406   A    0.2885  0.9347  17.2N 137.1E  73  253  08m12s
08132  16  1419 Mar 26  09:50:57    291  -7183   A    0.3399  0.9383  24.5N  28.0E  70  243  07m25s
08172  17  1437 Apr 05  16:52:06    268  -6960   A    0.3974  0.9419  32.1N  79.3W  66  233  06m39s
08212  18  1455 Apr 16  23:44:01    245  -6737   A    0.4628  0.9454  40.0N 176.1E  62  227  05m53s
08252  19  1473 Apr 27  06:30:57    224  -6514   A    0.5328  0.9486  48.1N  73.3E  58  223  05m10s
08292  20  1491 May 08  13:11:33    205  -6291   A    0.6085  0.9514  56.5N  26.9W  52  225  04m30s
08333  21  1509 May 18  19:49:36    186  -6068   A    0.6865  0.9539  64.9N 124.3W  46  233  03m56s
08375  22  1527 May 30  02:23:01    169  -5845   A    0.7688  0.9556  73.4N 144.6E  39  255  03m28s

08416  23  1545 Jun 09  08:57:28    154  -5622   A    0.8506  0.9567  81.2N  72.0E  31  303  03m06s
08457  24  1563 Jun 20  15:30:55    140  -5399   A    0.9338  0.9564  81.3N  55.3E  20  454  02m49s
08498  25  1581 Jun 30  22:06:53    128  -5176   P    1.0152  0.9454  64.2N   2.2W   0             
08539  26  1599 Jul 22  04:45:15    119  -4953   P    1.0949  0.8068  63.4N 111.2W   0             
08581  27  1617 Aug 01  11:29:44     97  -4730   P    1.1702  0.6756  62.7N 138.3E   0             
08625  28  1635 Aug 12  18:20:10     71  -4507   P    1.2412  0.5514  62.1N  26.6E   0             
08670  29  1653 Aug 23  01:17:26     44  -4284   P    1.3072  0.4356  61.6N  86.7W   0             
08716  30  1671 Sep 03  08:23:57     22  -4061   P    1.3664  0.3318  61.3N 157.8E   0             
08761  31  1689 Sep 13  15:39:22      9  -3838   P    1.4191  0.2394  61.1N  40.2E   0             
08806  32  1707 Sep 25  23:05:05      9  -3615   P    1.4641  0.1603  61.1N  80.0W   0             

08851  33  1725 Oct 06  06:39:42     10  -3392   P    1.5029  0.0923  61.2N 157.7E   0             
08897  34  1743 Oct 17  14:25:42     12  -3169   Pe   1.5334  0.0387  61.5N  32.5E   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to:

Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26