The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 111 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0528 Aug 30. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1935 Jan 05. The total duration of Saros series 111 is 1406.35 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0528 Aug 30 20:01:34 TD Last Eclipse = 1935 Jan 05 05:35:46 TD Duration of Saros 111 = 1406.35 Years
Saros 111 is composed of 79 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 111 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 79 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 37 | 46.8% |
| Annular | A | 11 | 13.9% |
| Total | T | 17 | 21.5% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 14 | 17.7% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 111 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 111 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 42 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 42 | 100.0% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 79 eclipses in Saros 111: 21P 11A 14H 17T 16P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 111 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 111 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | 0907 Apr 15 | 03m04s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | 1087 Aug 01 | 00m02s | - |
| Longest Total Solar Eclipse | 1592 Jun 09 | 06m11s | - |
| Shortest Total Solar Eclipse | 1358 Jan 10 | 01m38s | - |
| Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 1339 Dec 31 | 01m20s | - |
| Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 1105 Aug 11 | 00m05s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 1664 Jul 23 | - | 0.95806 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 1935 Jan 05 | - | 0.00126 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 111. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 111.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
06010 -34 0528 Aug 30 20:01:34 5401 -18198 Pb 1.5569 0.0164 71.4N 17.5E 0
06055 -33 0546 Sep 11 03:08:22 5226 -17975 P 1.5085 0.0994 71.8N 103.8W 0
06101 -32 0564 Sep 21 10:24:56 5052 -17752 P 1.4676 0.1693 72.0N 132.2E 0
06147 -31 0582 Oct 02 17:50:20 4879 -17529 P 1.4333 0.2276 71.8N 6.0E 0
06192 -30 0600 Oct 13 01:25:21 4708 -17306 P 1.4062 0.2734 71.5N 122.5W 0
06237 -29 0618 Oct 24 09:08:27 4538 -17083 P 1.3853 0.3086 70.8N 107.5E 0
06282 -28 0636 Nov 03 16:57:50 4370 -16860 P 1.3690 0.3360 70.0N 23.5W 0
06328 -27 0654 Nov 15 00:54:10 4203 -16637 P 1.3578 0.3547 69.1N 155.6W 0
06374 -26 0672 Nov 25 08:54:26 4037 -16414 P 1.3490 0.3694 68.0N 72.0E 0
06419 -25 0690 Dec 06 16:57:53 3874 -16191 P 1.3426 0.3801 66.9N 60.6W 0
06463 -24 0708 Dec 17 01:00:57 3713 -15968 P 1.3352 0.3923 65.8N 167.5E 0
06505 -23 0726 Dec 28 09:04:22 3554 -15745 P 1.3278 0.4046 64.8N 35.9E 0
06547 -22 0745 Jan 07 17:04:29 3398 -15522 P 1.3168 0.4226 63.8N 94.4W 0
06589 -21 0763 Jan 19 01:00:28 3244 -15299 P 1.3022 0.4470 63.0N 136.6E 0
06630 -20 0781 Jan 29 08:50:22 3093 -15076 P 1.2820 0.4807 62.2N 9.5E 0
06671 -19 0799 Feb 09 16:34:07 2946 -14853 P 1.2562 0.5241 61.6N 116.0W 0
06712 -18 0817 Feb 20 00:10:20 2801 -14630 P 1.2237 0.5794 61.2N 120.6E 0
06753 -17 0835 Mar 03 07:38:42 2661 -14407 P 1.1839 0.6476 60.9N 0.7W 0
06793 -16 0853 Mar 13 14:59:08 2523 -14184 P 1.1368 0.7290 60.8N 120.0W 0
06833 -15 0871 Mar 24 22:12:34 2390 -13961 P 1.0832 0.8227 60.8N 122.4E 0
06873 -14 0889 Apr 04 05:17:45 2261 -13738 P 1.0218 0.9306 61.0N 6.9E 0
06913 -13 0907 Apr 15 12:17:35 2136 -13515 A 0.9549 0.9550 63.9N 70.9W 17 557 03m04s
06953 -12 0925 Apr 25 19:11:24 2015 -13292 A 0.8822 0.9628 64.2N 156.5W 28 285 02m40s
06994 -11 0943 May 07 02:02:38 1899 -13069 A 0.8059 0.9693 64.0N 114.2E 36 185 02m17s
07035 -10 0961 May 17 08:48:53 1787 -12846 A 0.7245 0.9753 62.8N 25.1E 43 128 01m54s
07075 -09 0979 May 28 15:35:35 1679 -12623 A 0.6424 0.9806 60.5N 65.9W 50 90 01m34s
07117 -08 0997 Jun 07 22:20:33 1577 -12400 A 0.5580 0.9853 56.8N 158.6W 56 63 01m15s
07159 -07 1015 Jun 19 05:08:27 1478 -12177 A 0.4748 0.9894 52.0N 105.3E 61 43 00m57s
07201 -06 1033 Jun 29 11:57:10 1385 -11954 A 0.3912 0.9928 46.2N 6.8E 67 27 00m40s
07244 -05 1051 Jul 10 18:52:23 1296 -11731 A 0.3120 0.9957 39.9N 95.1W 72 16 00m26s
07288 -04 1069 Jul 21 01:51:43 1212 -11508 A 0.2355 0.9979 33.2N 160.5E 76 8 00m13s
07332 -03 1087 Aug 01 08:58:39 1132 -11285 A 0.1644 0.9996 26.2N 53.1E 80 1 00m02s
07378 -02 1105 Aug 11 16:12:35 1056 -11062 H 0.0982 1.0008 19.0N 56.6W 84 3 00m05s
07423 -01 1123 Aug 22 23:36:13 985 -10839 H 0.0391 1.0016 11.9N 169.3W 88 6 00m10s
07468 00 1141 Sep 02 07:08:35 918 -10616 H -0.0136 1.0021 4.9N 75.7E 89 7 00m13s
07513 01 1159 Sep 13 14:50:28 856 -10393 H -0.0591 1.0023 1.9S 41.8W 87 8 00m15s
07558 02 1177 Sep 23 22:42:22 797 -10170 H -0.0971 1.0025 8.3S 161.5W 84 9 00m16s
07603 03 1195 Oct 05 06:44:13 742 -9947 H -0.1277 1.0026 14.3S 76.6E 83 9 00m16s
07648 04 1213 Oct 15 14:54:53 690 -9724 H -0.1519 1.0029 19.8S 47.0W 81 10 00m18s
07694 05 1231 Oct 26 23:14:27 642 -9501 Hm -0.1694 1.0033 24.6S 172.2W 80 12 00m20s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
07740 06 1249 Nov 06 07:41:11 597 -9278 H -0.1817 1.0041 28.7S 61.6E 79 14 00m24s
07784 07 1267 Nov 17 16:14:34 555 -9055 H -0.1891 1.0052 31.8S 65.6W 79 18 00m30s
07827 08 1285 Nov 28 00:51:28 515 -8832 H -0.1943 1.0068 33.9S 167.0E 79 24 00m39s
07870 09 1303 Dec 09 09:32:53 479 -8609 H -0.1964 1.0089 34.9S 39.0E 78 31 00m50s
07912 10 1321 Dec 19 18:15:02 444 -8386 H -0.1987 1.0115 34.9S 89.2W 78 40 01m04s
07953 11 1339 Dec 31 02:57:36 412 -8163 H -0.2011 1.0147 33.9S 142.5E 78 52 01m20s
07994 12 1358 Jan 10 11:37:17 382 -7940 T -0.2065 1.0183 32.0S 14.4E 78 64 01m38s
08035 13 1376 Jan 21 20:15:01 353 -7717 T -0.2141 1.0225 29.5S 113.5W 77 78 01m58s
08076 14 1394 Feb 01 04:47:49 326 -7494 T -0.2268 1.0270 26.6S 119.2E 77 94 02m19s
08116 15 1412 Feb 12 13:15:02 301 -7271 T -0.2446 1.0319 23.5S 7.0W 76 111 02m42s
08156 16 1430 Feb 22 21:35:50 277 -7048 T -0.2685 1.0369 20.5S 131.9W 74 128 03m05s
08196 17 1448 Mar 05 05:49:57 254 -6825 T -0.2984 1.0421 17.7S 104.7E 73 147 03m30s
08236 18 1466 Mar 16 13:57:13 233 -6602 T -0.3348 1.0471 15.3S 17.1W 70 165 03m56s
08276 19 1484 Mar 26 21:56:47 212 -6379 T -0.3782 1.0521 13.5S 137.0W 68 185 04m22s
08317 20 1502 Apr 07 05:49:59 193 -6156 T -0.4276 1.0567 12.6S 104.7E 65 205 04m49s
08359 21 1520 Apr 17 13:36:46 176 -5933 T -0.4825 1.0609 12.6S 12.2W 61 226 05m15s
08400 22 1538 Apr 28 21:17:31 159 -5710 T -0.5432 1.0645 13.7S 127.7W 57 249 05m38s
08441 23 1556 May 09 04:53:36 145 -5487 T -0.6079 1.0673 16.0S 117.8E 52 274 05m58s
08482 24 1574 May 20 12:25:42 132 -5264 T -0.6763 1.0694 19.7S 3.7E 47 305 06m09s
08523 25 1592 Jun 09 19:55:49 122 -5041 T -0.7465 1.0705 24.7S 110.3W 42 344 06m11s
08563 26 1610 Jun 21 03:23:00 107 -4818 T -0.8193 1.0705 31.5S 135.5E 35 400 05m59s
08607 27 1628 Jul 01 10:50:39 81 -4595 T -0.8917 1.0692 40.3S 20.0E 27 501 05m32s
08652 28 1646 Jul 12 18:18:19 54 -4372 T -0.9641 1.0658 53.2S 98.0W 15 834 04m44s
08697 29 1664 Jul 23 01:48:46 29 -4149 P -1.0343 0.9581 68.8S 134.7E 0
08743 30 1682 Aug 03 09:21:11 13 -3926 P -1.1028 0.8246 69.7S 9.5E 0
08788 31 1700 Aug 14 16:59:06 8 -3703 P -1.1668 0.7000 70.6S 117.5W 0
08833 32 1718 Aug 26 00:41:45 10 -3480 P -1.2267 0.5837 71.2S 113.7E 0
08879 33 1736 Sep 05 08:30:26 11 -3257 P -1.2817 0.4775 71.7S 17.1W 0
08925 34 1754 Sep 16 16:25:41 14 -3034 P -1.3314 0.3821 71.9S 149.9W 0
08970 35 1772 Sep 27 00:28:19 16 -2811 P -1.3751 0.2988 72.0S 75.4E 0
09016 36 1790 Oct 08 08:38:52 16 -2588 P -1.4122 0.2287 71.7S 61.3W 0
09061 37 1808 Oct 19 16:55:30 12 -2365 P -1.4443 0.1687 71.3S 160.8E 0
09106 38 1826 Oct 31 01:20:38 9 -2142 P -1.4696 0.1222 70.6S 21.2E 0
09150 39 1844 Nov 10 09:51:45 6 -1919 P -1.4902 0.0847 69.8S 119.3W 0
09193 40 1862 Nov 21 18:29:48 7 -1696 P -1.5052 0.0580 68.8S 99.1E 0
09235 41 1880 Dec 02 03:11:33 -5 -1473 P -1.5172 0.0369 67.8S 42.9W 0
09277 42 1898 Dec 13 11:58:13 -4 -1250 P -1.5253 0.0231 66.8S 174.5E 0
09319 43 1916 Dec 24 20:46:22 19 -1027 P -1.5321 0.0114 65.7S 32.1E 0
09362 44 1935 Jan 05 05:35:46 24 -804 Pe -1.5381 0.0013 64.7S 110.2W 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
