The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 113 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0586 Jul 22. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1848 Aug 28. The total duration of Saros series 113 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0586 Jul 22 01:07:19 TD Last Eclipse = 1848 Aug 28 19:18:22 TD Duration of Saros 113 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 113 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 113 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 31 | 43.7% |
| Annular | A | 40 | 56.3% |
| Total | T | 0 | 0.0% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 0 | 0.0% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 113 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 113 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 40 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 40 | 100.0% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 113: 23P 40A 8P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 113 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 113 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | 1397 Nov 20 | 09m32s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | 1037 Apr 18 | 02m21s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 0983 Mar 17 | - | 0.93174 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 1848 Aug 28 | - | 0.00899 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 113. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 113.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
06157 -36 0586 Jul 22 01:07:19 4843 -17482 Pb 1.4880 0.0869 68.6N 15.5W 0
06202 -35 0604 Aug 01 08:37:51 4672 -17259 P 1.4301 0.1981 69.5N 140.7W 0
06247 -34 0622 Aug 12 16:12:43 4502 -17036 P 1.3763 0.3006 70.3N 92.4E 0
06292 -33 0640 Aug 22 23:54:28 4334 -16813 P 1.3287 0.3906 71.0N 36.8W 0
06338 -32 0658 Sep 03 07:42:11 4168 -16590 P 1.2866 0.4693 71.5N 167.9W 0
06384 -31 0676 Sep 13 15:37:12 4003 -16367 P 1.2509 0.5352 71.8N 58.7E 0
06428 -30 0694 Sep 24 23:39:10 3840 -16144 P 1.2216 0.5889 71.8N 76.6W 0
06471 -29 0712 Oct 05 07:48:54 3679 -15921 P 1.1989 0.6297 71.6N 146.2E 0
06514 -28 0730 Oct 16 16:04:50 3521 -15698 P 1.1824 0.6590 71.2N 7.8E 0
06556 -27 0748 Oct 27 00:26:16 3365 -15475 P 1.1709 0.6789 70.5N 131.5W 0
06598 -26 0766 Nov 07 08:52:52 3212 -15252 P 1.1644 0.6897 69.6N 88.5E 0
06639 -25 0784 Nov 17 17:23:51 3062 -15029 P 1.1619 0.6934 68.7N 52.0W 0
06680 -24 0802 Nov 29 01:56:35 2915 -14806 P 1.1616 0.6933 67.6N 167.8E 0
06721 -23 0820 Dec 09 10:30:28 2771 -14583 P 1.1629 0.6904 66.5N 27.9E 0
06761 -22 0838 Dec 20 19:02:58 2631 -14360 P 1.1638 0.6885 65.5N 111.2W 0
06801 -21 0856 Dec 31 03:34:01 2495 -14137 P 1.1642 0.6875 64.5N 110.5E 0
06841 -20 0875 Jan 11 11:59:11 2363 -13914 P 1.1603 0.6941 63.6N 25.9W 0
06881 -19 0893 Jan 21 20:20:19 2234 -13691 P 1.1538 0.7054 62.8N 161.0W 0
06921 -18 0911 Feb 02 04:32:54 2110 -13468 P 1.1410 0.7279 62.1N 66.3E 0
06961 -17 0929 Feb 12 12:38:40 1990 -13245 P 1.1233 0.7590 61.5N 64.5W 0
07003 -16 0947 Feb 23 20:33:12 1875 -13022 P 1.0972 0.8049 61.2N 167.6E 0
07044 -15 0965 Mar 06 04:19:59 1764 -12799 P 1.0655 0.8607 60.9N 41.8E 0
07084 -14 0983 Mar 17 11:55:18 1657 -12576 P 1.0251 0.9317 60.9N 81.1W 0
07126 -13 1001 Mar 27 19:20:56 1556 -12353 A 0.9775 0.9637 61.1N 178.0W 11 642 02m26s
07168 -12 1019 Apr 08 02:36:00 1458 -12130 A 0.9222 0.9663 60.6N 87.3E 22 311 02m23s
07210 -11 1037 Apr 18 09:42:40 1366 -11907 A 0.8607 0.9679 60.7N 9.9W 30 225 02m21s
07253 -10 1055 Apr 29 16:40:32 1278 -11684 A 0.7927 0.9687 60.8N 105.2W 37 183 02m22s
07296 -09 1073 May 09 23:30:35 1195 -11461 A 0.7189 0.9690 60.3N 161.7E 44 160 02m27s
07340 -08 1091 May 21 06:14:32 1116 -11238 A 0.6408 0.9687 58.7N 69.9E 50 146 02m37s
07386 -07 1109 May 31 12:53:47 1041 -11015 A 0.5596 0.9678 55.9N 21.8W 56 140 02m51s
07432 -06 1127 Jun 11 19:28:58 971 -10792 A 0.4756 0.9664 51.8N 114.2W 61 138 03m10s
07477 -05 1145 Jun 22 02:02:44 905 -10569 A 0.3909 0.9645 46.6N 151.7E 67 140 03m35s
07522 -04 1163 Jul 03 08:36:04 843 -10346 A 0.3064 0.9620 40.5N 55.9E 72 145 04m06s
07568 -03 1181 Jul 13 15:11:38 785 -10123 A 0.2244 0.9590 33.9N 42.0W 77 153 04m42s
07613 -02 1199 Jul 24 21:48:31 730 -9900 A 0.1439 0.9557 26.8N 141.4W 82 163 05m21s
07658 -01 1217 Aug 04 04:30:50 679 -9677 Am 0.0686 0.9520 19.4N 117.0E 86 176 06m01s
07704 00 1235 Aug 15 11:17:23 632 -9454 A -0.0027 0.9481 11.9N 13.7E 90 191 06m40s
07749 01 1253 Aug 25 18:11:53 588 -9231 A -0.0671 0.9440 4.4N 91.8W 86 207 07m16s
07793 02 1271 Sep 06 01:12:00 546 -9008 A -0.1263 0.9398 3.0S 161.0E 83 225 07m48s
07836 03 1289 Sep 16 08:22:02 507 -8785 A -0.1768 0.9357 10.1S 51.5E 80 243 08m15s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
07878 04 1307 Sep 27 15:39:04 471 -8562 A -0.2211 0.9317 16.9S 59.6W 77 261 08m39s
07920 05 1325 Oct 07 23:05:32 437 -8339 A -0.2574 0.9281 23.2S 172.5W 75 279 08m57s
07961 06 1343 Oct 19 06:39:25 405 -8116 A -0.2873 0.9247 29.0S 73.3E 73 296 09m12s
08003 07 1361 Oct 29 14:21:52 375 -7893 A -0.3101 0.9219 34.1S 42.1W 72 310 09m22s
08044 08 1379 Nov 09 22:10:29 347 -7670 A -0.3275 0.9195 38.3S 158.0W 71 323 09m29s
08085 09 1397 Nov 20 06:04:18 321 -7447 A -0.3407 0.9178 41.6S 85.7E 70 333 09m32s
08125 10 1415 Dec 01 14:02:32 296 -7224 A -0.3503 0.9166 43.7S 30.7W 69 339 09m31s
08165 11 1433 Dec 11 22:03:44 272 -7001 A -0.3579 0.9162 44.6S 147.3W 69 342 09m25s
08205 12 1451 Dec 23 06:05:20 249 -6778 A -0.3651 0.9164 44.3S 96.0E 68 342 09m16s
08244 13 1470 Jan 02 14:05:56 228 -6555 A -0.3733 0.9173 43.1S 20.7W 68 339 09m02s
08284 14 1488 Jan 13 22:03:45 208 -6332 A -0.3840 0.9188 41.0S 137.4W 67 333 08m45s
08325 15 1506 Jan 24 05:58:07 189 -6109 A -0.3979 0.9209 38.3S 106.1E 66 325 08m26s
08367 16 1524 Feb 04 13:45:35 172 -5886 A -0.4176 0.9235 35.4S 9.3W 65 315 08m05s
08409 17 1542 Feb 14 21:27:23 156 -5663 A -0.4424 0.9265 32.5S 123.8W 64 305 07m44s
08450 18 1560 Feb 26 05:00:44 142 -5440 A -0.4741 0.9299 29.9S 123.5E 62 294 07m22s
08491 19 1578 Mar 08 12:26:52 130 -5217 A -0.5120 0.9336 27.7S 12.3E 59 284 07m01s
08532 20 1596 Mar 28 19:43:19 120 -4994 A -0.5583 0.9373 26.3S 96.5W 56 275 06m41s
08573 21 1614 Apr 09 02:52:58 102 -4771 A -0.6103 0.9411 25.7S 156.2E 52 268 06m22s
08617 22 1632 Apr 19 09:54:30 76 -4548 A -0.6694 0.9447 26.4S 50.8E 48 267 06m03s
08662 23 1650 Apr 30 16:48:49 49 -4325 A -0.7347 0.9481 28.5S 52.9W 43 274 05m43s
08708 24 1668 May 10 23:37:24 25 -4102 A -0.8049 0.9510 32.3S 155.4W 36 296 05m21s
08753 25 1686 May 22 06:21:20 10 -3879 A -0.8791 0.9533 38.6S 103.3E 28 353 04m56s
08798 26 1704 Jun 02 13:02:36 9 -3656 A -0.9561 0.9542 49.1S 3.4E 16 578 04m26s
08843 27 1722 Jun 13 19:40:19 10 -3433 P -1.0364 0.9083 65.2S 93.5W 0
08889 28 1740 Jun 24 02:18:54 12 -3210 P -1.1163 0.7697 66.2S 156.7E 0
08935 29 1758 Jul 05 08:57:44 14 -2987 P -1.1961 0.6302 67.2S 46.4E 0
08980 30 1776 Jul 15 15:39:29 17 -2764 P -1.2739 0.4935 68.2S 65.1W 0
09026 31 1794 Jul 26 22:24:27 15 -2541 P -1.3496 0.3599 69.1S 178.0W 0
09071 32 1812 Aug 07 05:15:50 12 -2318 P -1.4205 0.2343 70.0S 67.0E 0
09116 33 1830 Aug 18 12:13:35 7 -2095 P -1.4866 0.1171 70.7S 50.2W 0
09160 34 1848 Aug 28 19:18:22 7 -1872 Pe -1.5475 0.0090 71.3S 169.6W 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
