The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 119 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0850 May 15. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 2112 Jun 24. The total duration of Saros series 119 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0850 May 15 12:49:29 TD Last Eclipse = 2112 Jun 24 07:09:53 TD Duration of Saros 119 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 119 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 119 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 17 | 23.9% |
| Annular | A | 51 | 71.8% |
| Total | T | 2 | 2.8% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 1 | 1.4% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 119 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 119 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 54 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 52 | 96.3% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 2 | 3.7% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 119: 8P 2T 1H 51A 9P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 119 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 119 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | 1625 Sep 01 | 07m37s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | 1048 Sep 10 | 00m02s | - |
| Longest Total Solar Eclipse | 1012 Aug 20 | 00m32s | - |
| Shortest Total Solar Eclipse | 1012 Aug 20 | 00m32s | - |
| Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 1030 Aug 31 | 00m18s | - |
| Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 1030 Aug 31 | 00m18s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 1968 Mar 28 | - | 0.89901 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 0850 May 15 | - | 0.00660 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 119. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 119.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
06787 -36 0850 May 15 12:49:29 2545 -14219 Pb 1.5295 0.0066 63.2N 138.7W 0
06827 -35 0868 May 25 20:11:13 2411 -13996 P 1.4636 0.1327 64.0N 100.9E 0
06867 -34 0886 Jun 06 03:28:26 2281 -13773 P 1.3944 0.2647 64.8N 18.7W 0
06907 -33 0904 Jun 16 10:45:03 2155 -13550 P 1.3251 0.3964 65.8N 138.4W 0
06947 -32 0922 Jun 27 18:00:27 2034 -13327 P 1.2555 0.5277 66.7N 101.8E 0
06988 -31 0940 Jul 08 01:16:23 1917 -13104 P 1.1868 0.6564 67.7N 18.5W 0
07029 -30 0958 Jul 19 08:34:18 1804 -12881 P 1.1204 0.7797 68.7N 139.8W 0
07069 -29 0976 Jul 29 15:55:20 1696 -12658 P 1.0571 0.8957 69.6N 97.6E 0
07111 -28 0994 Aug 09 23:21:16 1592 -12435 T+ 0.9985 1.0017 70.5N 26.8W 0
07153 -27 1012 Aug 20 06:50:51 1494 -12212 T 0.9437 1.0086 73.0N 143.6E 19 91 00m32s
07195 -26 1030 Aug 31 14:27:31 1399 -11989 H 0.8957 1.0044 64.8N 6.5E 26 34 00m18s
07237 -25 1048 Sep 10 22:09:40 1310 -11766 A 0.8530 0.9995 56.8N 119.9W 31 4 00m02s
07281 -24 1066 Sep 22 05:59:31 1225 -11543 A 0.8173 0.9941 49.7N 115.7E 35 35 00m29s
07325 -23 1084 Oct 02 13:55:25 1144 -11320 A 0.7874 0.9887 43.3N 8.6W 38 64 01m00s
07370 -22 1102 Oct 13 21:59:25 1068 -11097 A 0.7648 0.9833 37.8N 133.9W 40 91 01m35s
07415 -21 1120 Oct 24 06:09:13 996 -10874 A 0.7478 0.9781 33.2N 100.0E 41 117 02m12s
07460 -20 1138 Nov 04 14:24:41 929 -10651 A 0.7362 0.9732 29.4N 27.2W 42 141 02m51s
07505 -19 1156 Nov 14 22:44:29 865 -10428 A 0.7287 0.9687 26.5N 155.2W 43 164 03m28s
07550 -18 1174 Nov 26 07:08:31 806 -10205 A 0.7250 0.9648 24.4N 76.0E 43 185 04m02s
07596 -17 1192 Dec 06 15:33:28 750 -9982 A 0.7228 0.9614 23.1N 52.9W 44 203 04m30s
07642 -16 1210 Dec 17 23:58:47 698 -9759 A 0.7215 0.9585 22.5N 178.1E 44 217 04m51s
07688 -15 1228 Dec 28 08:22:01 649 -9536 A 0.7190 0.9563 22.5N 49.7E 44 227 05m04s
07733 -14 1247 Jan 08 16:43:15 604 -9313 A 0.7154 0.9547 23.1N 78.1W 44 234 05m09s
07777 -13 1265 Jan 19 00:57:35 561 -9090 A 0.7068 0.9538 23.9N 156.0E 45 234 05m08s
07820 -12 1283 Jan 30 09:06:55 521 -8867 A 0.6948 0.9533 25.1N 31.5E 46 232 05m02s
07863 -11 1301 Feb 09 17:06:50 484 -8644 A 0.6757 0.9533 26.4N 90.3W 47 226 04m53s
07905 -10 1319 Feb 21 00:59:44 449 -8421 A 0.6516 0.9537 28.0N 150.1E 49 218 04m42s
07946 -09 1337 Mar 03 08:40:41 417 -8198 A 0.6182 0.9543 29.5N 34.1E 52 207 04m32s
07987 -08 1355 Mar 14 16:13:55 386 -7975 A 0.5792 0.9552 31.2N 79.3W 54 196 04m22s
08028 -07 1373 Mar 24 23:35:23 357 -7752 A 0.5311 0.9561 32.7N 170.9E 58 186 04m15s
08070 -06 1391 Apr 05 06:47:41 330 -7529 A 0.4761 0.9570 33.9N 64.2E 61 176 04m11s
08110 -05 1409 Apr 15 13:49:19 305 -7306 A 0.4130 0.9577 34.6N 39.1W 65 168 04m11s
08150 -04 1427 Apr 26 20:43:40 281 -7083 A 0.3444 0.9583 34.7N 140.2W 70 161 04m15s
08190 -03 1445 May 07 03:29:38 258 -6860 A 0.2692 0.9585 33.8N 121.2E 74 157 04m24s
08230 -02 1463 May 18 10:08:52 236 -6637 A 0.1890 0.9584 31.9N 24.2E 79 154 04m38s
08270 -01 1481 May 28 16:42:59 215 -6414 Am 0.1053 0.9577 28.8N 71.9W 84 155 04m57s
08310 00 1499 Jun 08 23:13:39 196 -6191 A 0.0195 0.9567 24.7N 167.8W 89 158 05m22s
08352 01 1517 Jun 19 05:41:31 178 -5968 A -0.0683 0.9552 19.5N 96.1E 86 164 05m50s
08393 02 1535 Jun 30 12:08:20 162 -5745 A -0.1565 0.9533 13.5N 0.6W 81 173 06m19s
08434 03 1553 Jul 10 18:36:34 147 -5522 A -0.2430 0.9509 6.8N 98.5W 76 185 06m46s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
08475 04 1571 Jul 22 01:07:18 134 -5299 A -0.3266 0.9481 0.5S 162.1E 71 201 07m08s
08516 05 1589 Aug 11 07:41:04 124 -5076 A -0.4072 0.9450 8.2S 61.4E 66 221 07m24s
08557 06 1607 Aug 22 14:20:48 110 -4853 A -0.4824 0.9416 16.1S 41.4W 61 245 07m34s
08601 07 1625 Sep 01 21:06:57 86 -4630 A -0.5520 0.9380 24.2S 146.4W 56 274 07m37s
08646 08 1643 Sep 13 04:01:21 58 -4407 A -0.6145 0.9343 32.3S 106.3E 52 307 07m35s
08691 09 1661 Sep 23 11:02:34 33 -4184 A -0.6711 0.9306 40.3S 3.0W 48 347 07m29s
08737 10 1679 Oct 04 18:13:56 15 -3961 A -0.7191 0.9270 48.0S 114.9W 44 391 07m21s
08782 11 1697 Oct 15 01:33:41 8 -3738 A -0.7603 0.9236 55.5S 131.2E 40 441 07m12s
08827 12 1715 Oct 27 09:02:48 10 -3515 A -0.7939 0.9206 62.5S 15.5E 37 494 07m02s
08872 13 1733 Nov 06 16:40:15 11 -3292 A -0.8208 0.9179 69.0S 101.2W 34 548 06m53s
08918 14 1751 Nov 18 00:26:00 13 -3069 A -0.8411 0.9159 74.9S 142.8E 32 597 06m45s
08963 15 1769 Nov 28 08:18:40 16 -2846 A -0.8559 0.9144 80.0S 32.0E 31 638 06m38s
09009 16 1787 Dec 09 16:15:38 16 -2623 A -0.8675 0.9136 83.4S 62.7W 29 672 06m32s
09055 17 1805 Dec 21 00:17:38 12 -2400 A -0.8751 0.9134 83.1S 143.8W 29 692 06m26s
09100 18 1824 Jan 01 08:21:09 10 -2177 A -0.8821 0.9139 79.9S 116.2E 28 705 06m21s
09144 19 1842 Jan 11 16:25:41 5 -1954 A -0.8882 0.9151 75.8S 1.4E 27 710 06m15s
09187 20 1860 Jan 23 00:27:31 8 -1731 A -0.8969 0.9168 71.8S 117.2W 26 719 06m07s
09229 21 1878 Feb 02 08:27:52 -5 -1508 A -0.9071 0.9191 67.9S 122.4E 24 729 05m59s
09271 22 1896 Feb 13 16:23:13 -6 -1285 A -0.9220 0.9218 64.6S 3.5E 22 761 05m48s
09313 23 1914 Feb 25 00:13:01 16 -1062 A -0.9416 0.9248 62.1S 113.3W 19 839 05m35s
09356 24 1932 Mar 07 07:55:50 24 -839 A -0.9673 0.9277 60.7S 134.4E 14 1083 05m19s
09398 25 1950 Mar 18 15:32:01 29 -616 A- -0.9988 0.9620 60.9S 40.9E 0
09438 26 1968 Mar 28 23:00:30 38 -393 P -1.0370 0.8990 61.0S 79.8W 0
09478 27 1986 Apr 09 06:21:22 55 -170 P -1.0822 0.8236 61.2S 161.4E 0
09517 28 2004 Apr 19 13:35:05 65 53 P -1.1335 0.7367 61.6S 44.3E 0
09557 29 2022 Apr 30 20:42:36 73 276 P -1.1901 0.6396 62.1S 71.5W 0
09597 30 2040 May 11 03:43:02 85 499 P -1.2529 0.5306 62.8S 174.4E 0
09637 31 2058 May 22 10:39:25 110 722 P -1.3194 0.4141 63.5S 61.1E 0
09678 32 2076 Jun 01 17:31:22 149 945 P -1.3897 0.2897 64.4S 51.2W 0
09719 33 2094 Jun 13 00:22:11 190 1168 P -1.4613 0.1618 65.3S 163.6W 0
09760 34 2112 Jun 24 07:09:53 232 1391 Pe -1.5356 0.0282 66.3S 84.4E 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
