Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 134

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 134

Solar eclipses of Saros 134 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1248 Jun 22. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 2510 Aug 06. The total duration of Saros series 134 is 1262.11 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =   1248 Jun 22   19:09:36 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   2510 Aug 06   00:38:56 TD

                      Duration of Saros 134  =  1262.11 Years

Saros 134 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 134
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 71100.0%
PartialP 17 23.9%
AnnularA 30 42.3%
TotalT 8 11.3%
Hybrid[3]H 16 22.5%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 134 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 134
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 54100.0%
Central (two limits) 53 98.1%
Central (one limit) 1 1.9%
Non-Central (one limit) 0 0.0%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 134: 10P 8T 16H 30A 7P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 134 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 134
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 2168 Jan 1010m55s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 1861 Jul 0800m14s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse 1428 Oct 0901m30s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse 1554 Dec 2400m25s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 1771 May 1400m49s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 1843 Jun 2700m07s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 1410 Sep 28 - 0.97176
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 1248 Jun 22 - 0.02227

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 134

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 134. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 134.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 134

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

07737 -37  1248 Jun 22  19:09:36    600  -9295   Pb  -1.5159  0.0223  65.2S 125.9W   0             
07781 -36  1266 Jul 04  02:38:30    558  -9072   P   -1.4464  0.1578  64.3S 111.8E   0             
07824 -35  1284 Jul 14  10:08:18    518  -8849   P   -1.3779  0.2915  63.4S  10.4W   0             
07867 -34  1302 Jul 25  17:42:30    481  -8626   P   -1.3129  0.4178  62.7S 133.4W   0             
07909 -33  1320 Aug 05  01:20:21    447  -8403   P   -1.2510  0.5375  62.1S 102.9E   0             
07950 -32  1338 Aug 16  09:03:11    414  -8180   P   -1.1933  0.6482  61.6S  21.9W   0             
07991 -31  1356 Aug 26  16:52:10    384  -7957   P   -1.1410  0.7477  61.2S 148.1W   0             
08032 -30  1374 Sep 07  00:48:07    355  -7734   P   -1.0949  0.8345  61.0S  84.0E   0             
08073 -29  1392 Sep 17  08:51:03    328  -7511   P   -1.0548  0.9092  61.0S  45.5W   0             
08113 -28  1410 Sep 28  17:00:48    303  -7288   P   -1.0206  0.9718  61.1S 176.7W   0             

08153 -27  1428 Oct 09  01:18:10    279  -7065   Ts  -0.9930  1.0281  63.0S  61.0E   5   -   01m30s
08193 -26  1446 Oct 20  09:42:45    256  -6842   T   -0.9718  1.0258  65.8S  56.8W  13  386  01m25s
08233 -25  1464 Oct 30  18:13:13    234  -6619   T   -0.9560  1.0225  68.9S 176.0E  17  267  01m14s
08273 -24  1482 Nov 11  02:49:49    214  -6396   T   -0.9457  1.0189  72.5S  44.0E  18  203  01m03s
08313 -23  1500 Nov 21  11:30:31    195  -6173   T   -0.9393  1.0156  76.4S  91.4W  20  159  00m52s
08355 -22  1518 Dec 02  20:14:58    177  -5950   T   -0.9365  1.0124  80.4S 128.7E  20  125  00m41s
08396 -21  1536 Dec 13  04:59:20    161  -5727   T   -0.9343  1.0098  84.5S  17.2W  20   97  00m33s
08437 -20  1554 Dec 24  13:45:21    146  -5504   T   -0.9341  1.0075  87.5S 159.2E  20   75  00m25s
08478 -19  1573 Jan 03  22:28:35    133  -5281   H   -0.9328  1.0058  85.9S  54.1W  21   57  00m20s
08519 -18  1591 Jan 25  07:09:22    123  -5058   H   -0.9298  1.0047  81.9S 150.6E  21   45  00m16s

08560 -17  1609 Feb 04  15:43:43    108  -4835   H   -0.9224  1.0041  77.3S   7.2E  22   37  00m15s
08604 -16  1627 Feb 16  00:13:31     84  -4612   H   -0.9119  1.0040  72.3S 130.9W  24   34  00m15s
08649 -15  1645 Feb 26  08:35:06     56  -4389   H   -0.8956  1.0043  66.7S  94.3E  26   34  00m17s
08694 -14  1663 Mar 09  16:48:41     31  -4166   H   -0.8735  1.0049  60.5S  37.1W  29   35  00m21s
08740 -13  1681 Mar 20  00:52:59     13  -3943   H   -0.8445  1.0057  53.8S 165.3W  32   37  00m26s
08785 -12  1699 Mar 31  08:48:45      8  -3720   H   -0.8089  1.0065  46.8S  69.7E  36   38  00m32s
08830 -11  1717 Apr 11  16:34:40     10  -3497   H   -0.7660  1.0072  39.5S  52.1W  40   39  00m39s
08875 -10  1735 Apr 23  00:11:36     11  -3274   H   -0.7164  1.0077  32.2S 171.0W  44   38  00m44s
08921 -09  1753 May 03  07:39:40     13  -3051   H   -0.6601  1.0079  24.9S  73.0E  49   36  00m48s
08966 -08  1771 May 14  15:00:02     16  -2828   H   -0.5980  1.0076  17.8S  40.4W  53   33  00m49s

09012 -07  1789 May 24  22:11:58     16  -2605   H   -0.5297  1.0068  11.0S 151.0W  58   28  00m46s
09058 -06  1807 Jun 06  05:18:31     12  -2382   H   -0.4577  1.0055   4.7S 100.4E  63   21  00m38s
09103 -05  1825 Jun 16  12:19:03     10  -2159   H   -0.3812  1.0036   1.0N   6.0W  68   13  00m25s
09147 -04  1843 Jun 27  19:17:03      6  -1936   H   -0.3037  1.0011   5.9N 111.0W  72    4  00m07s
09190 -03  1861 Jul 08  02:10:26      8  -1713   A   -0.2231  0.9979  10.0N 145.8E  77    7  00m14s
09232 -02  1879 Jul 19  09:04:32     -5  -1490   Am  -0.1439  0.9942  13.0N  42.9E  82   20  00m39s
09274 -01  1897 Jul 29  15:56:58     -5  -1267   A   -0.0640  0.9899  15.3N  59.0W  86   35  01m05s
09316  00  1915 Aug 10  22:52:25     18  -1044   A    0.0124  0.9853  16.4N 161.4W  89   52  01m33s
09359  01  1933 Aug 21  05:49:11     24   -821   A    0.0869  0.9801  16.9N  95.9E  85   71  02m04s
09401  02  1951 Sep 01  12:51:51     30   -598   A    0.1557  0.9747  16.5N   8.5W  81   91  02m36s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 134

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

09441  03  1969 Sep 11  19:58:59     40   -375   A    0.2201  0.9690  15.6N 114.1W  77  114  03m11s
09481  04  1987 Sep 23  03:12:22     56   -152   A    0.2787  0.9634  14.3N 138.4E  74  137  03m49s
09520  05  2005 Oct 03  10:32:47     65     71   A    0.3306  0.9576  12.9N  28.7E  71  162  04m32s
09560  06  2023 Oct 14  18:00:41     74    294   A    0.3753  0.9520  11.4N  83.1W  68  187  05m17s
09600  07  2041 Oct 25  01:36:22     86    517   A    0.4133  0.9467   9.9N 162.9E  66  213  06m07s
09641  08  2059 Nov 05  09:18:15    113    740   A    0.4454  0.9417   8.7N  47.1E  63  238  07m00s
09682  09  2077 Nov 15  17:07:56    152    963   A    0.4705  0.9371   7.8N  70.8W  62  262  07m54s
09723  10  2095 Nov 27  01:02:57    193   1186   A    0.4903  0.9330   7.2N 169.8E  61  285  08m47s
09764  11  2113 Dec 08  09:03:27    236   1409   A    0.5049  0.9296   7.1N  48.9E  60  304  09m35s
09804  12  2131 Dec 19  17:06:51    281   1632   A    0.5165  0.9267   7.6N  72.8W  59  321  10m14s

09846  13  2149 Dec 30  01:13:04    328   1855   A    0.5253  0.9245   8.6N 164.7E  58  334  10m42s
09888  14  2168 Jan 10  09:19:03    367   2078   A    0.5337  0.9230  10.3N  42.1E  58  344  10m55s
09932  15  2186 Jan 20  17:23:44    408   2301   A    0.5426  0.9221  12.8N  80.3W  57  350  10m53s
09977  16  2204 Feb 02  01:25:26    451   2524   A    0.5535  0.9218  16.0N 157.8E  56  353  10m38s
10021  17  2222 Feb 12  09:23:18    497   2747   A    0.5669  0.9220  20.0N  36.7E  55  355  10m14s
10065  18  2240 Feb 23  17:14:11    544   2970   A    0.5859  0.9228  24.7N  83.0W  54  356  09m41s
10110  19  2258 Mar 06  00:58:23    593   3193   A    0.6101  0.9239  30.2N 158.8E  52  359  09m04s
10155  20  2276 Mar 16  08:34:03    645   3416   A    0.6411  0.9253  36.4N  42.3E  50  362  08m23s
10201  21  2294 Mar 27  16:02:23    698   3639   A    0.6776  0.9269  43.2N  72.6W  47  370  07m42s
10246  22  2312 Apr 07  23:19:32    754   3862   A    0.7231  0.9286  50.8N 174.7E  43  385  07m00s

10291  23  2330 Apr 19  06:29:25    811   4085   A    0.7742  0.9302  59.0N  62.9E  39  412  06m19s
10337  24  2348 Apr 29  13:29:00    871   4308   A    0.8338  0.9315  68.1N  48.8W  33  466  05m40s
10382  25  2366 May 10  20:22:08    933   4531   A    0.8981  0.9323  77.9N 169.5W  26  583  05m03s
10426  26  2384 May 21  03:05:26    997   4754   A    0.9701  0.9317  80.8N   0.8W  13 1115  04m28s
10470  27  2402 Jun 01  09:44:38   1063   4977   P    1.0452  0.8834  67.8N 135.9W   0             
10513  28  2420 Jun 11  16:17:02   1131   5200   P    1.1256  0.7470  66.8N 115.6E   0             
10556  29  2438 Jun 22  22:46:47   1201   5423   P    1.2079  0.6068  65.8N   8.2E   0             
10599  30  2456 Jul 03  05:13:16   1273   5646   P    1.2925  0.4621  64.9N  98.1W   0             
10641  31  2474 Jul 14  11:40:30   1347   5869   P    1.3764  0.3182  64.0N 155.9E   0             
10683  32  2492 Jul 24  18:08:32   1424   6092   P    1.4594  0.1755  63.2N  49.8E   0             

10725  33  2510 Aug 06  00:38:56   1502   6315   Pe   1.5405  0.0362  62.6N  56.5W   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to:

Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26