The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 135 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1331 Jul 05. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 2593 Aug 17. The total duration of Saros series 135 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 1331 Jul 05 22:46:38 TD Last Eclipse = 2593 Aug 17 21:53:04 TD Duration of Saros 135 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 135 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 135 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 18 | 25.4% |
| Annular | A | 45 | 63.4% |
| Total | T | 6 | 8.5% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 2 | 2.8% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 135 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 135 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 53 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 51 | 96.2% |
| Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.9% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.9% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 135: 10P 45A 2H 6T 8P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 135 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 135 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | 1601 Dec 24 | 10m14s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | 2305 Feb 24 | 00m13s | - |
| Longest Total Solar Eclipse | 2431 May 12 | 02m27s | - |
| Shortest Total Solar Eclipse | 2359 Mar 29 | 01m02s | - |
| Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 2341 Mar 18 | 00m36s | - |
| Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 2323 Mar 08 | 00m11s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 2467 Jun 02 | - | 0.93147 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 1331 Jul 05 | - | 0.00629 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 135. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 135.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
07934 -34 1331 Jul 05 22:46:38 427 -8268 Pb 1.5532 0.0063 67.8N 12.6E 0
07975 -33 1349 Jul 16 05:25:45 396 -8045 P 1.4782 0.1384 68.8N 98.7W 0
08016 -32 1367 Jul 27 12:05:47 366 -7822 P 1.4043 0.2679 69.7N 149.3E 0
08057 -31 1385 Aug 06 18:51:40 339 -7599 P 1.3352 0.3878 70.6N 35.3E 0
08097 -30 1403 Aug 18 01:41:42 313 -7376 P 1.2697 0.5006 71.3N 80.4W 0
08137 -29 1421 Aug 28 08:38:54 288 -7153 P 1.2101 0.6025 71.8N 161.6E 0
08177 -28 1439 Sep 08 15:42:20 265 -6930 P 1.1555 0.6947 72.1N 41.6E 0
08217 -27 1457 Sep 18 22:54:59 243 -6707 P 1.1083 0.7737 72.1N 80.8W 0
08257 -26 1475 Sep 30 06:15:14 222 -6484 P 1.0676 0.8411 71.9N 154.9E 0
08297 -25 1493 Oct 10 13:43:35 202 -6261 P 1.0334 0.8969 71.4N 28.8E 0
08338 -24 1511 Oct 21 21:19:49 184 -6038 A+ 1.0058 0.9416 70.7N 98.6W 0
08380 -23 1529 Nov 01 05:04:11 167 -5815 An 0.9846 0.9119 61.7N 122.8E 9 - 08m09s
08421 -22 1547 Nov 12 12:54:24 152 -5592 A 0.9683 0.9106 55.5N 4.7W 14 1419 08m59s
08462 -21 1565 Nov 22 20:49:55 138 -5369 A 0.9564 0.9092 51.4N 130.5W 16 1220 09m37s
08503 -20 1583 Dec 14 04:48:39 127 -5146 A 0.9471 0.9083 48.5N 104.1E 18 1116 10m03s
08544 -19 1601 Dec 24 12:50:31 116 -4923 A 0.9402 0.9078 46.6N 21.5W 19 1051 10m14s
08586 -18 1620 Jan 04 20:51:05 94 -4700 A 0.9321 0.9081 45.0N 146.5W 21 976 10m13s
08630 -17 1638 Jan 15 04:51:53 67 -4477 A 0.9242 0.9090 44.0N 88.9E 22 907 10m00s
08676 -16 1656 Jan 26 12:48:10 40 -4254 A 0.9122 0.9106 43.2N 34.1W 24 820 09m38s
08722 -15 1674 Feb 05 20:41:35 19 -4031 A 0.8979 0.9129 42.8N 155.7W 26 736 09m09s
08767 -14 1692 Feb 17 04:26:56 8 -3808 A 0.8765 0.9159 42.4N 85.6E 28 644 08m36s
08812 -13 1710 Feb 28 12:07:29 9 -3585 A 0.8509 0.9194 42.5N 31.2W 31 562 08m00s
08857 -12 1728 Mar 10 19:38:56 10 -3362 A 0.8172 0.9233 42.8N 144.6W 35 485 07m25s
08903 -11 1746 Mar 22 03:02:49 12 -3139 A 0.7771 0.9277 43.5N 104.7E 39 419 06m51s
08948 -10 1764 Apr 01 10:17:15 15 -2916 A 0.7288 0.9323 44.2N 2.5W 43 361 06m20s
08994 -09 1782 Apr 12 17:24:47 17 -2693 A 0.6745 0.9370 45.1N 107.1W 47 311 05m51s
09039 -08 1800 Apr 24 00:24:00 13 -2470 A 0.6125 0.9417 45.7N 151.3E 52 269 05m27s
09084 -07 1818 May 05 07:15:49 12 -2247 A 0.5440 0.9464 45.8N 52.5E 57 233 05m05s
09129 -06 1836 May 15 14:01:39 5 -2024 A 0.4700 0.9509 45.1N 44.4W 62 203 04m47s
09173 -05 1854 May 26 20:42:53 7 -1801 A 0.3918 0.9551 43.3N 140.1W 67 178 04m32s
09216 -04 1872 Jun 06 03:20:03 -1 -1578 A 0.3095 0.9590 40.5N 124.8E 72 157 04m20s
09258 -03 1890 Jun 17 09:55:05 -6 -1355 A 0.2246 0.9625 36.5N 29.3E 77 140 04m09s
09300 -02 1908 Jun 28 16:29:51 8 -1132 A 0.1389 0.9655 31.4N 67.2W 82 126 04m00s
09342 -01 1926 Jul 09 23:06:02 24 -909 A 0.0538 0.9680 25.6N 165.1W 87 115 03m51s
09385 00 1944 Jul 20 05:43:13 27 -686 A -0.0314 0.9700 19.0N 95.7E 88 108 03m42s
09425 01 1962 Jul 31 12:25:33 34 -463 Am -0.1130 0.9716 12.0N 5.7W 84 103 03m33s
09465 02 1980 Aug 10 19:12:21 51 -240 A -0.1915 0.9727 4.6N 108.9W 79 100 03m23s
09504 03 1998 Aug 22 02:07:11 63 -17 A -0.2644 0.9734 3.0S 145.4E 75 99 03m14s
09544 04 2016 Sep 01 09:08:02 70 206 A -0.3330 0.9736 10.7S 37.8E 70 100 03m06s
09584 05 2034 Sep 12 16:19:28 81 429 A -0.3936 0.9736 18.2S 72.6W 67 102 02m58s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
09624 06 2052 Sep 22 23:39:10 98 652 A -0.4480 0.9734 25.7S 175.0E 63 106 02m51s
09666 07 2070 Oct 04 07:08:57 136 875 A -0.4950 0.9731 32.8S 60.4E 60 110 02m44s
09707 08 2088 Oct 14 14:48:05 177 1098 A -0.5349 0.9727 39.7S 56.0W 57 115 02m38s
09748 09 2106 Oct 26 22:37:40 219 1321 A -0.5671 0.9725 45.9S 174.1W 55 119 02m32s
09789 10 2124 Nov 06 06:36:34 263 1544 A -0.5921 0.9724 51.6S 66.8E 53 123 02m26s
09830 11 2142 Nov 17 14:43:08 309 1767 A -0.6117 0.9727 56.4S 52.4W 52 124 02m19s
09872 12 2160 Nov 27 22:58:32 351 1990 A -0.6247 0.9734 60.1S 171.6W 51 123 02m12s
09915 13 2178 Dec 09 07:20:02 392 2213 A -0.6338 0.9745 62.4S 69.9E 50 118 02m03s
09959 14 2196 Dec 19 15:47:09 434 2436 A -0.6387 0.9761 63.1S 48.6W 50 111 01m53s
10003 15 2215 Jan 01 00:16:36 478 2659 A -0.6427 0.9783 62.3S 168.0W 50 101 01m41s
10047 16 2233 Jan 11 08:49:17 525 2882 A -0.6447 0.9811 60.0S 70.4E 50 88 01m28s
10092 17 2251 Jan 22 17:21:41 573 3105 A -0.6480 0.9844 56.9S 53.2W 49 72 01m12s
10137 18 2269 Feb 02 01:53:06 624 3328 A -0.6529 0.9883 53.2S 178.2W 49 54 00m54s
10183 19 2287 Feb 13 10:21:25 677 3551 A -0.6613 0.9926 49.4S 56.3E 48 34 00m35s
10228 20 2305 Feb 24 18:46:09 732 3774 A -0.6732 0.9973 45.7S 69.3W 47 13 00m13s
10273 21 2323 Mar 08 03:05:10 788 3997 H -0.6906 1.0023 42.4S 166.1E 46 11 00m11s
10318 22 2341 Mar 18 11:18:20 847 4220 H -0.7137 1.0075 39.8S 42.6E 44 36 00m36s
10364 23 2359 Mar 29 19:24:46 908 4443 T -0.7429 1.0128 37.9S 79.3W 42 64 01m02s
10408 24 2377 Apr 09 03:25:10 971 4666 T -0.7779 1.0180 37.1S 160.2E 39 96 01m28s
10452 25 2395 Apr 20 11:17:15 1037 4889 T -0.8203 1.0230 37.7S 41.9E 35 134 01m52s
10495 26 2413 Apr 30 19:03:57 1104 5112 T -0.8677 1.0274 40.0S 75.0W 30 183 02m13s
10538 27 2431 May 12 02:43:30 1173 5335 T -0.9214 1.0310 44.8S 170.4E 22 267 02m27s
10581 28 2449 May 22 10:19:15 1244 5558 T -0.9790 1.0328 54.4S 59.1E 11 567 02m24s
10624 29 2467 Jun 02 17:48:24 1318 5781 P -1.0425 0.9315 64.5S 50.8W 0
10666 30 2485 Jun 13 01:16:18 1393 6004 P -1.1075 0.8095 65.4S 172.3W 0
10708 31 2503 Jun 25 08:40:22 1471 6227 P -1.1759 0.6800 66.4S 66.7E 0
10749 32 2521 Jul 05 16:04:53 1551 6450 P -1.2445 0.5492 67.4S 54.7W 0
10790 33 2539 Jul 16 23:27:49 1632 6673 P -1.3148 0.4143 68.3S 176.3W 0
10830 34 2557 Jul 27 06:54:08 1716 6896 P -1.3827 0.2835 69.3S 60.9E 0
10870 35 2575 Aug 07 14:21:38 1802 7119 P -1.4499 0.1541 70.1S 62.9W 0
10910 36 2593 Aug 17 21:53:04 1890 7342 Pe -1.5141 0.0303 70.8S 171.9E 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
