The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 147 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1624 Oct 12. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 3049 Feb 24. The total duration of Saros series 147 is 1424.38 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 1624 Oct 12 08:53:55 TD Last Eclipse = 3049 Feb 24 08:48:07 TD Duration of Saros 147 = 1424.38 Years
Saros 147 is composed of 80 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 147 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 80 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 40 | 50.0% |
| Annular | A | 40 | 50.0% |
| Total | T | 0 | 0.0% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 0 | 0.0% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 147 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 147 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 40 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 39 | 97.5% |
| Central (one limit) | 1 | 2.5% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 80 eclipses in Saros 147: 21P 40A 19P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 147 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 147 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | 2291 Nov 21 | 09m41s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | 2688 Jul 19 | 00m41s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 2724 Aug 11 | - | 0.87969 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 1624 Oct 12 | - | 0.00894 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 147. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 147.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
08599 -35 1624 Oct 12 08:53:55 87 -4641 Pb 1.5466 0.0089 71.5N 109.9E 0
08644 -34 1642 Oct 23 16:48:36 60 -4418 P 1.5221 0.0551 71.0N 22.5W 0
08689 -33 1660 Nov 03 00:50:39 34 -4195 P 1.5038 0.0898 70.3N 156.2W 0
08735 -32 1678 Nov 14 08:58:14 15 -3972 P 1.4908 0.1148 69.4N 69.4E 0
08780 -31 1696 Nov 24 17:10:41 8 -3749 P 1.4822 0.1318 68.4N 65.6W 0
08825 -30 1714 Dec 07 01:27:09 10 -3526 P 1.4772 0.1420 67.4N 159.0E 0
08870 -29 1732 Dec 17 09:46:57 11 -3303 P 1.4751 0.1470 66.3N 23.4E 0
08916 -28 1750 Dec 28 18:06:51 13 -3080 P 1.4737 0.1506 65.3N 111.8W 0
08961 -27 1769 Jan 08 02:26:42 16 -2857 P 1.4728 0.1530 64.3N 113.5E 0
09007 -26 1787 Jan 19 10:43:13 17 -2634 P 1.4697 0.1591 63.4N 20.1W 0
09052 -25 1805 Jan 30 18:57:01 12 -2411 P 1.4651 0.1675 62.7N 152.8W 0
09097 -24 1823 Feb 11 03:03:02 11 -2188 P 1.4546 0.1856 62.0N 76.7E 0
09141 -23 1841 Feb 21 11:03:56 5 -1965 P 1.4406 0.2095 61.5N 52.4W 0
09184 -22 1859 Mar 04 18:54:49 7 -1742 P 1.4192 0.2461 61.2N 178.8W 0
09226 -21 1877 Mar 15 02:38:09 -4 -1519 P 1.3924 0.2917 61.0N 56.7E 0
09268 -20 1895 Mar 26 10:09:33 -6 -1296 P 1.3565 0.3531 61.0N 64.8W 0
09310 -19 1913 Apr 06 17:33:07 15 -1073 P 1.3147 0.4244 61.2N 175.7E 0
09353 -18 1931 Apr 18 00:45:35 24 -850 P 1.2643 0.5107 61.5N 58.9E 0
09396 -17 1949 Apr 28 07:48:53 29 -627 P 1.2068 0.6092 61.9N 55.7W 0
09436 -16 1967 May 09 14:42:48 38 -404 P 1.1422 0.7201 62.5N 168.1W 0
09476 -15 1985 May 19 21:29:38 55 -181 P 1.0720 0.8406 63.2N 81.1E 0
09515 -14 2003 May 31 04:09:22 64 42 An 0.9960 0.9384 66.6N 24.5W 3 - 03m37s
09555 -13 2021 Jun 10 10:43:07 72 265 A 0.9152 0.9435 80.8N 66.8W 23 527 03m51s
09595 -12 2039 Jun 21 17:12:54 84 488 A 0.8312 0.9454 78.9N 102.1W 33 365 04m05s
09635 -11 2057 Jul 01 23:40:15 108 711 A 0.7455 0.9464 71.5N 176.2W 41 298 04m22s
09676 -10 2075 Jul 13 06:05:44 147 934 A 0.6583 0.9467 63.1N 95.2E 49 262 04m45s
09717 -09 2093 Jul 23 12:32:04 187 1157 A 0.5717 0.9463 54.6N 1.3E 55 241 05m11s
09758 -08 2111 Aug 04 19:00:22 230 1380 A 0.4867 0.9455 46.0N 95.3W 61 230 05m42s
09799 -07 2129 Aug 15 01:33:05 275 1603 A 0.4055 0.9442 37.4N 165.8E 66 225 06m15s
09841 -06 2147 Aug 26 08:09:15 322 1826 A 0.3271 0.9425 29.0N 65.2E 71 224 06m49s
09883 -05 2165 Sep 05 14:52:45 362 2049 A 0.2549 0.9406 20.7N 37.5W 75 227 07m22s
09927 -04 2183 Sep 16 21:42:37 403 2272 A 0.1877 0.9384 12.8N 141.9W 79 233 07m53s
09971 -03 2201 Sep 28 04:41:51 446 2495 A 0.1281 0.9361 5.2N 111.4E 83 240 08m21s
10015 -02 2219 Oct 09 11:48:35 491 2718 A 0.0744 0.9338 2.0S 3.0E 86 248 08m46s
10059 -01 2237 Oct 19 19:06:04 538 2941 A 0.0295 0.9316 8.6S 107.6W 88 256 09m07s
10103 00 2255 Oct 31 02:32:04 587 3164 A -0.0088 0.9295 14.5S 140.2E 89 264 09m24s
10148 01 2273 Nov 10 10:07:17 638 3387 A -0.0398 0.9278 19.6S 26.3E 88 272 09m34s
10194 02 2291 Nov 21 17:50:53 691 3610 A -0.0644 0.9263 23.7S 88.9W 86 278 09m41s
10239 03 2309 Dec 03 01:42:05 746 3833 A -0.0832 0.9254 26.9S 154.6E 85 282 09m40s
10284 04 2327 Dec 14 09:39:47 804 4056 A -0.0969 0.9250 28.8S 37.0E 84 284 09m34s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
10330 05 2345 Dec 24 17:41:04 863 4279 Am -0.1081 0.9252 29.7S 81.1W 84 284 09m21s
10376 06 2364 Jan 05 01:46:48 925 4502 A -0.1161 0.9259 29.4S 159.7E 83 281 09m03s
10420 07 2382 Jan 15 09:53:22 988 4725 A -0.1241 0.9274 28.1S 40.1E 83 275 08m40s
10464 08 2400 Jan 26 18:00:10 1054 4948 A -0.1322 0.9295 26.0S 79.9W 82 267 08m13s
10507 09 2418 Feb 06 02:04:04 1122 5171 A -0.1431 0.9322 23.3S 160.5E 82 256 07m43s
10550 10 2436 Feb 17 10:05:24 1192 5394 A -0.1567 0.9355 20.2S 41.1E 81 243 07m12s
10593 11 2454 Feb 27 18:01:47 1264 5617 A -0.1750 0.9393 17.0S 77.3W 80 228 06m40s
10635 12 2472 Mar 10 01:52:11 1338 5840 A -0.1989 0.9436 13.9S 165.6E 78 212 06m08s
10677 13 2490 Mar 21 09:36:11 1414 6063 A -0.2288 0.9482 11.1S 50.0E 77 195 05m36s
10719 14 2508 Apr 01 17:13:22 1492 6286 A -0.2648 0.9532 8.7S 63.9W 75 177 05m06s
10760 15 2526 Apr 13 00:43:02 1572 6509 A -0.3077 0.9583 7.1S 175.8W 72 158 04m35s
10801 16 2544 Apr 23 08:05:34 1654 6732 A -0.3575 0.9635 6.3S 74.0E 69 140 04m05s
10841 17 2562 May 04 15:21:29 1739 6955 A -0.4133 0.9686 6.5S 34.5W 66 123 03m35s
10881 18 2580 May 14 22:32:12 1825 7178 A -0.4743 0.9735 7.9S 141.9W 62 107 03m04s
10922 19 2598 May 26 05:36:09 1914 7401 A -0.5415 0.9782 10.6S 112.1E 57 91 02m34s
10963 20 2616 Jun 06 12:37:18 2004 7624 A -0.6115 0.9824 14.5S 6.3E 52 78 02m04s
11004 21 2634 Jun 17 19:34:22 2097 7847 A -0.6854 0.9862 19.8S 99.1W 47 67 01m36s
11043 22 2652 Jun 28 02:31:12 2191 8070 A -0.7603 0.9892 26.5S 154.7E 40 58 01m11s
11084 23 2670 Jul 09 09:25:19 2288 8293 A -0.8379 0.9915 35.0S 48.0E 33 55 00m52s
11125 24 2688 Jul 19 16:22:31 2387 8516 A -0.9136 0.9926 45.6S 61.4W 24 64 00m41s
11167 25 2706 Jul 31 23:20:38 2488 8739 A -0.9889 0.9911 63.0S 178.8W 7 240 00m41s
11209 26 2724 Aug 11 06:23:26 2591 8962 P -1.0610 0.8797 70.5S 56.2E 0
11252 27 2742 Aug 22 13:29:55 2696 9185 P -1.1308 0.7534 71.2S 63.0W 0
11296 28 2760 Sep 01 20:44:19 2803 9408 P -1.1947 0.6372 71.7S 175.4E 0
11341 29 2778 Sep 13 04:05:03 2912 9631 P -1.2541 0.5291 72.0S 51.8E 0
11386 30 2796 Sep 23 11:33:43 3024 9854 P -1.3078 0.4310 72.1S 74.0W 0
11431 31 2814 Oct 04 19:10:43 3137 10077 P -1.3554 0.3440 71.9S 158.2E 0
11476 32 2832 Oct 15 02:57:22 3252 10300 P -1.3962 0.2695 71.6S 28.3E 0
11522 33 2850 Oct 26 10:52:49 3370 10523 P -1.4306 0.2068 71.0S 103.5W 0
11568 34 2868 Nov 05 18:57:09 3489 10746 P -1.4586 0.1556 70.2S 123.1E 0
11615 35 2886 Nov 17 03:10:24 3611 10969 P -1.4801 0.1162 69.3S 12.0W 0
11662 36 2904 Nov 28 11:32:06 3735 11192 P -1.4959 0.0874 68.3S 148.6W 0
11707 37 2922 Dec 09 19:59:54 3861 11415 P -1.5074 0.0662 67.3S 73.9E 0
11752 38 2940 Dec 20 04:34:38 3988 11638 P -1.5142 0.0534 66.2S 64.9W 0
11796 39 2958 Dec 31 13:13:25 4118 11861 P -1.5186 0.0450 65.2S 155.8E 0
11840 40 2977 Jan 10 21:56:20 4250 12084 P -1.5202 0.0413 64.3S 15.9E 0
11884 41 2995 Jan 22 06:39:24 4384 12307 P -1.5225 0.0363 63.5S 123.8W 0
----- 42 3013 Feb 02 15:24:30 4521 12530 P -1.5238 0.0326 62.8S 96.3E 0
----- 43 3031 Feb 14 00:07:22 4659 12753 P -1.5280 0.0236 62.2S 42.8W 0
----- 44 3049 Feb 24 08:48:07 4799 12976 Pe -1.5342 0.0104 61.7S 178.7E 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
