The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 148 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1653 Sep 21. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 2987 Dec 12. The total duration of Saros series 148 is 1334.23 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 1653 Sep 21 15:55:44 TD Last Eclipse = 2987 Dec 12 02:50:04 TD Duration of Saros 148 = 1334.23 Years
Saros 148 is composed of 75 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 148 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 75 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 32 | 42.7% |
| Annular | A | 2 | 2.7% |
| Total | T | 40 | 53.3% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 1 | 1.3% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 148 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 148 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 43 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 42 | 97.7% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 2.3% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 75 eclipses in Saros 148: 20P 2A 1H 40T 12P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 148 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 148 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | 2032 May 09 | 00m22s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | 2032 May 09 | 00m22s | - |
| Longest Total Solar Eclipse | 2609 Apr 26 | 05m23s | - |
| Shortest Total Solar Eclipse | 2068 May 31 | 01m06s | - |
| Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 2050 May 20 | 00m21s | - |
| Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 2050 May 20 | 00m21s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 2789 Aug 13 | - | 0.95798 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 2987 Dec 12 | - | 0.00737 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 148. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 148.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
08671 -35 1653 Sep 21 15:55:44 44 -4283 Pb -1.5450 0.0324 61.0S 149.7W 0
08717 -34 1671 Oct 02 23:13:22 22 -4060 P -1.4952 0.1177 61.0S 92.1E 0
08762 -33 1689 Oct 13 06:40:02 9 -3837 P -1.4517 0.1920 61.2S 28.3W 0
08807 -32 1707 Oct 25 14:17:22 9 -3614 P -1.4161 0.2528 61.6S 151.3W 0
08852 -31 1725 Nov 04 22:02:52 10 -3391 P -1.3861 0.3038 62.1S 83.5E 0
08898 -30 1743 Nov 16 05:58:25 12 -3168 P -1.3634 0.3424 62.8S 44.4W 0
08943 -29 1761 Nov 26 14:00:27 15 -2945 P -1.3451 0.3732 63.7S 174.2W 0
08989 -28 1779 Dec 07 22:08:56 17 -2722 P -1.3315 0.3962 64.6S 54.2E 0
09034 -27 1797 Dec 18 06:21:51 14 -2499 P -1.3208 0.4142 65.6S 79.0W 0
09079 -26 1815 Dec 30 14:38:39 12 -2276 P -1.3129 0.4273 66.7S 146.4E 0
09124 -25 1834 Jan 09 22:55:31 6 -2053 P -1.3043 0.4418 67.8S 11.3E 0
09168 -24 1852 Jan 21 07:12:16 7 -1830 P -1.2948 0.4577 68.9S 124.3W 0
09210 -23 1870 Jan 31 15:26:25 1 -1607 P -1.2829 0.4781 69.9S 100.0E 0
09252 -22 1888 Feb 11 23:38:15 -6 -1384 P -1.2684 0.5029 70.7S 35.7W 0
09294 -21 1906 Feb 23 07:43:20 5 -1161 P -1.2479 0.5386 71.4S 170.3W 0
09336 -20 1924 Mar 05 15:44:20 24 -938 P -1.2232 0.5819 71.9S 55.6E 0
09379 -19 1942 Mar 16 23:37:07 25 -715 P -1.1908 0.6393 72.2S 76.8W 0
09420 -18 1960 Mar 27 07:25:07 33 -492 P -1.1537 0.7058 72.1S 151.9E 0
09460 -17 1978 Apr 07 15:03:47 49 -269 P -1.1081 0.7883 71.9S 23.3E 0
09499 -16 1996 Apr 17 22:38:12 62 -46 P -1.0580 0.8799 71.3S 104.0W 0
09539 -15 2014 Apr 29 06:04:33 69 177 A- -1.0000 0.9868 70.6S 131.3E 0
09579 -14 2032 May 09 13:26:42 79 400 A -0.9375 0.9957 51.3S 7.1W 20 44 00m22s
09619 -13 2050 May 20 20:42:50 94 623 H -0.8688 1.0038 40.1S 123.7W 29 27 00m21s
09660 -12 2068 May 31 03:56:39 131 846 T -0.7970 1.0110 31.0S 123.2E 37 63 01m06s
09701 -11 2086 Jun 11 11:07:14 171 1069 T -0.7215 1.0174 23.2S 12.5E 44 86 01m48s
09742 -10 2104 Jun 22 18:16:21 213 1292 T -0.6438 1.0231 16.6S 96.8W 50 103 02m26s
09783 -09 2122 Jul 04 01:25:31 257 1515 T -0.5649 1.0280 11.0S 154.7E 56 114 02m56s
09824 -08 2140 Jul 14 08:36:11 303 1738 T -0.4861 1.0322 6.7S 46.5E 61 124 03m18s
09866 -07 2158 Jul 25 15:49:17 346 1961 T -0.4087 1.0356 3.4S 61.8W 66 131 03m32s
09909 -06 2176 Aug 04 23:05:55 386 2184 T -0.3333 1.0383 1.3S 170.5W 71 136 03m40s
09953 -05 2194 Aug 16 06:28:08 428 2407 T -0.2616 1.0403 0.2S 79.6E 75 139 03m44s
09998 -04 2212 Aug 27 13:56:17 473 2630 T -0.1940 1.0416 0.1S 31.7W 79 142 03m45s
10042 -03 2230 Sep 07 21:30:39 519 2853 T -0.1309 1.0424 0.7S 144.5W 82 143 03m44s
10086 -02 2248 Sep 18 05:13:07 567 3076 T -0.0738 1.0426 2.0S 100.6E 86 143 03m42s
10131 -01 2266 Sep 29 13:03:57 617 3299 T -0.0233 1.0425 3.7S 16.4W 89 142 03m40s
10176 00 2284 Oct 09 21:03:48 670 3522 T 0.0205 1.0420 5.7S 135.8W 89 140 03m39s
10221 01 2302 Oct 22 05:11:16 724 3745 T 0.0584 1.0413 7.8S 102.9E 87 139 03m38s
10266 02 2320 Nov 01 13:28:19 781 3968 Tm 0.0888 1.0406 9.8S 20.8W 85 136 03m38s
10311 03 2338 Nov 12 21:52:54 840 4191 T 0.1131 1.0399 11.7S 146.4W 84 134 03m38s
10357 04 2356 Nov 23 06:24:55 900 4414 T 0.1317 1.0394 13.2S 86.3E 83 133 03m40s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
10402 05 2374 Dec 04 15:02:56 963 4637 T 0.1455 1.0390 14.1S 42.4W 82 132 03m42s
10446 06 2392 Dec 14 23:46:26 1028 4860 T 0.1550 1.0391 14.5S 172.4W 81 133 03m46s
10490 07 2410 Dec 26 08:33:58 1095 5083 T 0.1613 1.0395 14.1S 56.6E 81 134 03m50s
10533 08 2429 Jan 05 17:22:56 1164 5306 T 0.1666 1.0404 13.0S 74.9W 80 137 03m56s
10576 09 2447 Jan 17 02:14:03 1235 5529 T 0.1703 1.0417 11.1S 152.9E 80 141 04m03s
10619 10 2465 Jan 27 11:03:49 1308 5752 T 0.1751 1.0435 8.3S 20.8E 80 147 04m11s
10661 11 2483 Feb 07 19:51:56 1383 5975 T 0.1817 1.0457 4.8S 111.2W 80 155 04m20s
10703 12 2501 Feb 19 04:35:21 1461 6198 T 0.1925 1.0483 0.6S 117.7E 79 163 04m31s
10744 13 2519 Mar 02 13:15:24 1540 6421 T 0.2062 1.0511 4.2N 12.9W 78 173 04m42s
10785 14 2537 Mar 12 21:49:07 1622 6644 T 0.2254 1.0542 9.5N 142.2W 77 184 04m53s
10825 15 2555 Mar 24 06:16:23 1705 6867 T 0.2502 1.0574 15.2N 90.0E 75 195 05m04s
10865 16 2573 Apr 03 14:36:16 1791 7090 T 0.2815 1.0606 21.4N 35.9W 74 207 05m13s
10905 17 2591 Apr 14 22:49:07 1878 7313 T 0.3189 1.0637 27.7N 160.0W 71 220 05m19s
10947 18 2609 Apr 26 06:54:26 1968 7536 T 0.3627 1.0665 34.2N 78.2E 69 233 05m23s
10988 19 2627 May 07 14:52:04 2060 7759 T 0.4129 1.0688 40.8N 41.0W 65 246 05m22s
11028 20 2645 May 17 22:43:18 2154 7982 T 0.4686 1.0707 47.4N 157.7W 62 261 05m16s
11068 21 2663 May 29 06:28:21 2250 8205 T 0.5295 1.0719 53.7N 88.7E 58 276 05m07s
11109 22 2681 Jun 08 14:07:31 2348 8428 T 0.5953 1.0724 59.7N 21.1W 53 294 04m54s
11151 23 2699 Jun 19 21:42:32 2448 8651 T 0.6645 1.0720 64.9N 126.6W 48 314 04m38s
11193 24 2717 Jul 01 05:13:30 2550 8874 T 0.7368 1.0707 69.2N 133.9E 42 342 04m20s
11235 25 2735 Jul 12 12:43:11 2654 9097 T 0.8101 1.0682 71.7N 40.5E 36 381 03m59s
11278 26 2753 Jul 22 20:10:02 2761 9320 T 0.8853 1.0646 72.2N 46.7W 27 458 03m35s
11323 27 2771 Aug 03 03:38:34 2869 9543 T 0.9590 1.0590 69.6N 129.5W 16 704 03m05s
11368 28 2789 Aug 13 11:07:04 2979 9766 P 1.0325 0.9580 62.1N 146.1E 0
11413 29 2807 Aug 24 18:39:28 3092 9989 P 1.1023 0.8227 61.7N 24.5E 0
11458 30 2825 Sep 04 02:13:41 3207 10212 P 1.1700 0.6920 61.3N 97.3W 0
11504 31 2843 Sep 15 09:54:00 3323 10435 P 1.2325 0.5724 61.2N 139.4E 0
11550 32 2861 Sep 25 17:38:14 3442 10658 P 1.2912 0.4607 61.2N 15.1E 0
11596 33 2879 Oct 07 01:29:04 3563 10881 P 1.3441 0.3612 61.3N 110.8W 0
11643 34 2897 Oct 17 09:25:31 3686 11104 P 1.3918 0.2723 61.6N 121.9E 0
11689 35 2915 Oct 29 17:29:53 3811 11327 P 1.4323 0.1978 62.1N 7.5W 0
11734 36 2933 Nov 09 01:40:31 3938 11550 P 1.4676 0.1339 62.6N 138.6W 0
11778 37 2951 Nov 20 09:57:41 4067 11773 P 1.4970 0.0814 63.4N 88.5E 0
11822 38 2969 Nov 30 18:20:54 4198 11996 P 1.5210 0.0393 64.2N 46.2W 0
11866 39 2987 Dec 12 02:50:04 4331 12219 Pe 1.5396 0.0074 65.2N 177.4E 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
