Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 164

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 164

Solar eclipses of Saros 164 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 2098 Oct 24. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 3523 Mar 10. The total duration of Saros series 164 is 1424.38 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =   2098 Oct 24   10:36:11 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   3523 Mar 10   17:29:59 TD

                      Duration of Saros 164  =  1424.38 Years

Saros 164 is composed of 80 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 164
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 80100.0%
PartialP 37 46.2%
AnnularA 3 3.8%
TotalT 36 45.0%
Hybrid[3]H 4 5.0%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 164 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 164
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 43100.0%
Central (two limits) 42 97.7%
Central (one limit) 0 0.0%
Non-Central (one limit) 1 2.3%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 80 eclipses in Saros 164: 20P 36T 4H 3A 17P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 164 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 164
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 3216 Sep 0401m21s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 3180 Aug 1300m23s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse 2549 Jul 2506m30s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse 3090 Jun 2001m22s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 3108 Jul 0101m05s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 3162 Aug 0300m02s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 2441 May 21 - 0.87947
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 2098 Oct 24 - 0.00562

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 164

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 164. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 164.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 164

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

09730 -46  2098 Oct 24  10:36:11    200   1222   Pb  -1.5407  0.0056  61.8S  95.5W   0             
09771 -45  2116 Nov 04  18:50:09    243   1445   P   -1.5103  0.0613  62.3S 132.3E   0             
09812 -44  2134 Nov 16  03:12:08    288   1668   P   -1.4857  0.1060  63.0S   2.1W   0             
09854 -43  2152 Nov 26  11:41:08    334   1891   P   -1.4665  0.1409  63.8S 138.4W   0             
09896 -42  2170 Dec 07  20:17:08    373   2114   P   -1.4530  0.1653  64.7S  83.1E   0             
09940 -41  2188 Dec 18  04:56:59    415   2337   P   -1.4420  0.1850  65.7S  56.6W   0             
09985 -40  2206 Dec 30  13:40:30    458   2560   P   -1.4337  0.1997  66.8S 162.3E   0             
10028 -39  2225 Jan 09  22:25:24    504   2783   P   -1.4263  0.2125  67.8S  20.4E   0             
10072 -38  2243 Jan 21  07:11:45    552   3006   P   -1.4198  0.2238  68.9S 122.5W   0             
10117 -37  2261 Jan 31  15:55:00    601   3229   P   -1.4107  0.2397  69.9S  94.8E   0             

10162 -36  2279 Feb 12  00:37:06    653   3452   P   -1.4003  0.2581  70.7S  48.3W   0             
10208 -35  2297 Feb 22  09:13:31    707   3675   P   -1.3851  0.2853  71.4S 169.4E   0             
10253 -34  2315 Mar 06  17:46:20    763   3898   P   -1.3668  0.3187  71.9S  27.6E   0             
10298 -33  2333 Mar 17  02:10:53    821   4121   P   -1.3417  0.3651  72.1S 112.5W   0             
10344 -32  2351 Mar 28  10:30:57    881   4344   P   -1.3126  0.4195  72.1S 108.5E   0             
10389 -31  2369 Apr 07  18:42:11    943   4567   P   -1.2763  0.4880  71.8S  28.1W   0             
10433 -30  2387 Apr 19  02:47:06   1007   4790   P   -1.2345  0.5677  71.3S 162.7W   0             
10477 -29  2405 Apr 29  10:43:55   1074   5013   P   -1.1858  0.6613  70.6S  65.3E   0             
10520 -28  2423 May 10  18:35:17   1142   5236   P   -1.1323  0.7647  69.7S  64.8W   0             
10563 -27  2441 May 21  02:20:11   1213   5459   P   -1.0733  0.8795  68.8S 167.3E   0             

10606 -26  2459 Jun 01  09:59:50   1285   5682   T-  -1.0097  1.0038  67.8S  41.3E   0             
10648 -25  2477 Jun 11  17:35:29   1360   5905   T   -0.9423  1.0647  47.8S  80.8W  19  642  04m53s
10690 -24  2495 Jun 23  01:08:06   1436   6128   T   -0.8718  1.0696  37.2S 162.6E  29  464  05m39s
10732 -23  2513 Jul 04  08:38:16   1515   6351   T   -0.7992  1.0729  29.6S  48.0E  37  392  06m09s
10772 -22  2531 Jul 15  16:07:33   1596   6574   T   -0.7256  1.0750  23.8S  65.5W  43  351  06m25s
10812 -21  2549 Jul 25  23:37:26   1679   6797   T   -0.6522  1.0761  19.5S 178.5W  49  322  06m30s
10852 -20  2567 Aug 06  07:09:09   1764   7020   T   -0.5802  1.0762  16.5S  68.5E  54  299  06m26s
10892 -19  2585 Aug 16  14:42:33   1851   7243   T   -0.5094  1.0753  14.7S  44.5W  59  281  06m16s
10933 -18  2603 Aug 28  22:20:26   1940   7466   T   -0.4425  1.0737  13.9S 158.4W  64  264  06m02s
10974 -17  2621 Sep 08  06:02:19   2031   7689   T   -0.3793  1.0713  14.1S  86.8E  68  249  05m45s

11015 -16  2639 Sep 19  13:50:24   2124   7912   T   -0.3212  1.0683  15.0S  29.4W  71  234  05m28s
11055 -15  2657 Sep 29  21:43:07   2219   8135   T   -0.2675  1.0647  16.4S 146.6W  74  219  05m11s
11096 -14  2675 Oct 11  05:43:47   2317   8358   T   -0.2206  1.0608  18.3S  94.2E  77  204  04m54s
11138 -13  2693 Oct 21  13:50:36   2416   8581   T   -0.1793  1.0566  20.3S  26.3W  80  189  04m37s
11180 -12  2711 Nov 02  22:05:02   2518   8804   T   -0.1448  1.0523  22.3S 148.6W  82  175  04m21s
11222 -11  2729 Nov 13  06:26:10   2621   9027   T   -0.1162  1.0480  24.1S  87.7E  83  161  04m05s
11265 -10  2747 Nov 24  14:54:29   2727   9250   T   -0.0940  1.0438  25.7S  37.6W  84  147  03m49s
11310 -09  2765 Dec 04  23:28:46   2835   9473   T   -0.0771  1.0398  26.7S 164.2W  85  134  03m33s
11354 -08  2783 Dec 16  08:07:08   2945   9696   T   -0.0640  1.0362  27.0S  68.3E  86  122  03m18s
11399 -07  2801 Dec 26  16:50:37   3056   9919   T   -0.0555  1.0328  26.6S  60.4W  87  111  03m04s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 164

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

11444 -06  2820 Jan 07  01:36:11   3170  10142   Tm  -0.0495  1.0300  25.4S 170.2E  87  102  02m51s
11489 -05  2838 Jan 17  10:23:36   3286  10365   T   -0.0450  1.0277  23.3S  40.1E  87   94  02m39s
11535 -04  2856 Jan 28  19:09:09   3405  10588   T   -0.0395  1.0258  20.4S  89.9W  88   88  02m30s
11582 -03  2874 Feb 08  03:54:12   3525  10811   T   -0.0340  1.0244  16.9S 139.7E  88   83  02m23s
11629 -02  2892 Feb 19  12:34:51   3647  11034   T   -0.0255  1.0234  12.6S   9.9E  88   80  02m18s
11676 -01  2910 Mar 02  21:10:45   3771  11257   T   -0.0136  1.0228   7.9S 119.0W  89   78  02m15s
11721  00  2928 Mar 13  05:39:54   3898  11480   T    0.0034  1.0225   2.6S 113.3E  90   77  02m13s
11765  01  2946 Mar 24  14:02:24   4026  11703   T    0.0255  1.0224   3.0N  12.9W  89   76  02m13s
11809  02  2964 Apr 03  22:16:19   4157  11926   T    0.0540  1.0224   8.9N 137.0W  87   76  02m13s
11853  03  2982 Apr 15  06:21:40   4289  12149   T    0.0890  1.0223  14.9N 101.1E  85   76  02m12s

11897  04  3000 Apr 26  14:18:06   4424  12372   T    0.1310  1.0222  21.1N  18.4W  82   76  02m11s
-----  05  3018 May 07  22:06:17   4561  12595   T    0.1791  1.0218  27.2N 135.3W  80   75  02m06s
-----  06  3036 May 18  05:44:37   4700  12818   T    0.2350  1.0211  33.3N 110.9E  76   74  02m00s
-----  07  3054 May 29  13:15:59   4840  13041   T    0.2960  1.0199  39.0N   0.2W  73   71  01m50s
-----  08  3072 Jun 08  20:38:54   4983  13264   T    0.3636  1.0183  44.4N 108.0W  68   67  01m37s
-----  09  3090 Jun 20  03:56:54   5128  13487   T    0.4343  1.0161  49.1N 146.9E  64   61  01m22s
-----  10  3108 Jul 01  11:07:05   5276  13710   H    0.5108  1.0132  53.2N  45.4E  59   53  01m05s
-----  11  3126 Jul 12  18:14:52   5425  13933   H    0.5885  1.0097  56.3N  53.9W  54   41  00m45s
-----  12  3144 Jul 23  01:17:26   5576  14156   H    0.6698  1.0054  58.5N 150.3W  48   25  00m24s
-----  13  3162 Aug 03  08:19:34   5729  14379   H    0.7502  1.0004  59.8N 114.4E  41    2  00m02s

-----  14  3180 Aug 13  15:19:01   5885  14602   A    0.8318  0.9946  60.7N  21.0E  33   34  00m23s
-----  15  3198 Aug 24  22:21:10   6042  14825   A    0.9101  0.9878  61.5N  70.9W  24  103  00m50s
-----  16  3216 Sep 04  05:23:49   6202  15048   A    0.9868  0.9786  62.3N 150.2W   8  513  01m21s
-----  17  3234 Sep 15  12:30:20   6363  15271   P    1.0594  0.8754  61.1N 112.6E   0             
-----  18  3252 Sep 25  19:40:20   6527  15494   P    1.1278  0.7523  61.1N   2.8W   0             
-----  19  3270 Oct 07  02:56:27   6693  15717   P    1.1901  0.6414  61.3N 119.8W   0             
-----  20  3288 Oct 17  10:18:17   6861  15940   P    1.2470  0.5412  61.6N 121.7E   0             
-----  21  3306 Oct 29  17:46:27   7030  16163   P    1.2977  0.4527  62.0N   1.6E   0             
-----  22  3324 Nov 09  01:21:55   7202  16386   P    1.3417  0.3768  62.6N 120.4W   0             
-----  23  3342 Nov 20  09:04:29   7376  16609   P    1.3791  0.3131  63.4N 115.5E   0             

-----  24  3360 Nov 30  16:53:43   7553  16832   P    1.4103  0.2606  64.2N  10.4W   0             
-----  25  3378 Dec 12  00:49:28   7731  17055   P    1.4355  0.2188  65.2N 138.2W   0             
-----  26  3396 Dec 22  08:50:22   7911  17278   P    1.4560  0.1852  66.2N  92.3E   0             
-----  27  3415 Jan 03  16:55:57   8093  17501   P    1.4720  0.1592  67.3N  38.9W   0             
-----  28  3433 Jan 14  01:03:03   8278  17724   P    1.4861  0.1364  68.4N 170.9W   0             
-----  29  3451 Jan 25  09:12:47   8464  17947   P    1.4973  0.1183  69.4N  55.8E   0             
-----  30  3469 Feb 04  17:21:26   8653  18170   P    1.5084  0.1004  70.4N  77.9W   0             
-----  31  3487 Feb 16  01:28:50   8843  18393   P    1.5202  0.0810  71.2N 148.0E   0             
-----  32  3505 Feb 27  09:31:19   9036  18616   P    1.5352  0.0559  71.8N  14.6E   0             
-----  33  3523 Mar 10  17:29:59   9231  18839   Pe   1.5527  0.0265  72.2N 118.4W   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to:

Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26