Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 165

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 165

Solar eclipses of Saros 165 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 2145 Oct 16. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 3425 Dec 02. The total duration of Saros series 165 is 1280.14 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =   2145 Oct 16   09:11:28 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   3425 Dec 02   13:38:46 TD

                      Duration of Saros 165  =  1280.14 Years

Saros 165 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 165
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 72100.0%
PartialP 33 45.8%
AnnularA 39 54.2%
TotalT 0 0.0%
Hybrid[3]H 0 0.0%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 165 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 165
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 39100.0%
Central (two limits) 39100.0%
Central (one limit) 0 0.0%
Non-Central (one limit) 0 0.0%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 72 eclipses in Saros 165: 22P 39A 11P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 165 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 165
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 2885 Jan 0710m20s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 2542 Jun 1401m30s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 3245 Aug 14 - 0.90896
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 3425 Dec 02 - 0.01337

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 165

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 165. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 165.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 165

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

09837 -39  2145 Oct 16  09:11:28    317   1803   Pb   1.5190  0.0359  71.4N 101.7E   0             
09879 -38  2163 Oct 27  17:20:52    358   2026   P    1.4919  0.0888  70.8N  33.9W   0             
09923 -37  2181 Nov 07  01:38:23    398   2249   P    1.4718  0.1280  70.0N 170.9W   0             
09967 -36  2199 Nov 18  10:01:01    441   2472   P    1.4564  0.1583  69.1N  51.4E   0             
10011 -35  2217 Nov 29  18:29:51    486   2695   P    1.4464  0.1782  68.1N  87.3W   0             
10055 -34  2235 Dec 11  03:02:34    533   2918   P    1.4400  0.1913  67.1N 133.6E   0             
10099 -33  2253 Dec 21  11:39:39    582   3141   P    1.4374  0.1972  66.1N   6.0W   0             
10144 -32  2272 Jan 01  20:17:51    632   3364   P    1.4365  0.2000  65.1N 145.4W   0             
10190 -31  2290 Jan 12  04:56:33    686   3587   P    1.4365  0.2009  64.1N  75.4E   0             
10235 -30  2308 Jan 24  13:33:40    741   3810   P    1.4358  0.2029  63.3N  63.0W   0             

10280 -29  2326 Feb 03  22:08:49    798   4033   P    1.4340  0.2068  62.6N 159.3E   0             
10325 -28  2344 Feb 15  06:37:58    857   4256   P    1.4280  0.2178  62.0N  23.3E   0             
10371 -27  2362 Feb 25  15:02:03    918   4479   P    1.4190  0.2344  61.6N 111.3W   0             
10415 -26  2380 Mar 07  23:17:52    982   4702   P    1.4039  0.2615  61.3N 116.3E   0             
10459 -25  2398 Mar 19  07:27:08   1047   4925   P    1.3844  0.2965  61.2N  14.4W   0             
10502 -24  2416 Mar 29  15:24:54   1115   5148   P    1.3563  0.3466  61.2N 142.2W   0             
10545 -23  2434 Apr 09  23:15:24   1184   5371   P    1.3232  0.4058  61.4N  91.7E   0             
10588 -22  2452 Apr 20  06:54:27   1256   5594   P    1.2819  0.4797  61.8N  31.5W   0             
10630 -21  2470 May 01  14:25:40   1330   5817   P    1.2347  0.5638  62.3N 152.9W   0             
10673 -20  2488 May 11  21:45:56   1406   6040   P    1.1793  0.6626  62.9N  88.3E   0             

10715 -19  2506 May 24  04:59:35   1484   6263   P    1.1192  0.7695  63.7N  29.1W   0             
10756 -18  2524 Jun 03  12:04:40   1564   6486   P    1.0528  0.8873  64.5N 144.5W   0             
10797 -17  2542 Jun 14  19:03:09   1646   6709   A    0.9815  0.9737  74.8N 113.4E  10  540  01m30s
10837 -16  2560 Jun 25  01:55:50   1730   6932   A    0.9063  0.9754  86.4N  91.3E  25  211  01m35s
10877 -15  2578 Jul 06  08:44:44   1816   7155   A    0.8285  0.9753  78.8N  61.1E  34  159  01m45s
10917 -14  2596 Jul 16  15:30:49   1904   7378   A    0.7487  0.9741  69.4N  32.6W  41  141  02m00s
10958 -13  2614 Jul 28  22:14:49   1995   7601   A    0.6680  0.9721  60.2N 132.0W  48  135  02m21s
10999 -12  2632 Aug 08  04:59:27   2087   7824   A    0.5886  0.9695  51.2N 126.5E  54  136  02m49s
11039 -11  2650 Aug 19  11:45:23   2182   8047   A    0.5110  0.9663  42.4N  23.7E  59  141  03m21s
11080 -10  2668 Aug 29  18:33:48   2278   8270   A    0.4360  0.9627  33.7N  80.2W  64  149  03m59s

11121 -09  2686 Sep 10  01:25:58   2377   8493   A    0.3646  0.9587  25.3N 174.7E  68  160  04m41s
11163 -08  2704 Sep 21  08:23:52   2477   8716   A    0.2985  0.9545  17.3N  68.2E  73  173  05m26s
11205 -07  2722 Oct 02  15:28:06   2580   8939   A    0.2384  0.9501   9.7N  39.7W  76  188  06m12s
11248 -06  2740 Oct 12  22:38:24   2685   9162   A    0.1837  0.9456   2.5N 148.8W  79  204  06m59s
11291 -05  2758 Oct 24  05:56:58   2792   9385   A    0.1364  0.9412   4.0S 100.4E  82  220  07m44s
11336 -04  2776 Nov 03  13:23:19   2901   9608   A    0.0956  0.9369   9.9S  11.8W  85  236  08m25s
11381 -03  2794 Nov 14  20:57:54   3012   9831   Am   0.0620  0.9329  14.8S 125.4W  87  251  09m02s
11426 -02  2812 Nov 25  04:39:02   3125  10054   A    0.0341  0.9292  18.9S 120.0E  88  266  09m33s
11471 -01  2830 Dec 06  12:27:18   3240  10277   A    0.0124  0.9261  21.8S   4.1E  89  278  09m57s
11517  00  2848 Dec 16  20:21:20   3358  10500   A   -0.0045  0.9233  23.7S 112.7W  90  289  10m13s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 165

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

11563  01  2866 Dec 28  04:18:59   3477  10723   A   -0.0184  0.9213  24.4S 129.9E  89  298  10m19s
11610  02  2885 Jan 07  12:20:24   3598  10946   A   -0.0289  0.9197  23.9S  11.5E  88  304  10m20s
11657  03  2903 Jan 19  20:22:19   3722  11169   A   -0.0391  0.9189  22.6S 107.2W  88  308  10m12s
11703  04  2921 Jan 30  04:24:58   3848  11392   A   -0.0482  0.9187  20.3S 133.7E  87  309  10m01s
11748  05  2939 Feb 10  12:23:38   3975  11615   A   -0.0607  0.9191  17.6S  15.2E  86  307  09m45s
11792  06  2957 Feb 20  20:20:31   4105  11838   A   -0.0746  0.9201  14.5S 103.0W  86  303  09m28s
11836  07  2975 Mar 04  04:11:02   4237  12061   A   -0.0939  0.9217  11.3S 140.1E  85  297  09m10s
11880  08  2993 Mar 14  11:55:59   4371  12284   A   -0.1176  0.9238   8.1S  24.5E  83  289  08m53s
-----  09  3011 Mar 26  19:32:21   4506  12507   A   -0.1483  0.9262   5.4S  88.9W  81  280  08m37s
-----  10  3029 Apr 06  03:02:13   4644  12730   A   -0.1845  0.9290   3.0S 159.4E  79  270  08m23s

-----  11  3047 Apr 17  10:23:15   4785  12953   A   -0.2282  0.9320   1.4S  50.0E  77  260  08m10s
-----  12  3065 Apr 27  17:35:46   4927  13176   A   -0.2791  0.9352   0.7S  57.2W  74  250  08m00s
-----  13  3083 May 09  00:40:11   5071  13399   A   -0.3368  0.9383   1.1S 162.4W  70  242  07m50s
-----  14  3101 May 20  07:37:31   5217  13622   A   -0.4003  0.9414   2.7S  94.1E  66  235  07m41s
-----  15  3119 May 31  14:27:29   5366  13845   A   -0.4701  0.9443   5.5S   8.0W  62  232  07m28s
-----  16  3137 Jun 10  21:11:56   5516  14068   A   -0.5449  0.9468   9.7S 109.1W  57  233  07m12s
-----  17  3155 Jun 22  03:51:38   5669  14291   A   -0.6235  0.9490  15.2S 150.3E  51  239  06m49s
-----  18  3173 Jul 02  10:28:58   5823  14514   A   -0.7041  0.9507  22.1S  49.4E  45  255  06m21s
-----  19  3191 Jul 13  17:02:23   5980  14737   A   -0.7881  0.9518  30.6S  51.7W  38  287  05m48s
-----  20  3209 Jul 23  23:37:00   6138  14960   A   -0.8711  0.9520  40.9S 154.7W  29  358  05m12s

-----  21  3227 Aug 04  06:11:22   6299  15183   A   -0.9544  0.9509  54.8S  97.9E  17  614  04m35s
-----  22  3245 Aug 14  12:50:08   6462  15406   P   -1.0345  0.9090  70.9S  28.9W   0             
-----  23  3263 Aug 25  19:30:46   6627  15629   P   -1.1131  0.7727  71.6S 141.6W   0             
-----  24  3281 Sep 05  02:19:15   6794  15852   P   -1.1856  0.6469  72.0S 103.2E   0             
-----  25  3299 Sep 16  09:12:44   6963  16075   P   -1.2544  0.5273  72.2S  13.4W   0             
-----  26  3317 Sep 27  16:14:59   7134  16298   P   -1.3165  0.4192  72.2S 132.4W   0             
-----  27  3335 Oct 08  23:24:26   7308  16521   P   -1.3735  0.3201  72.0S 107.0E   0             
-----  28  3353 Oct 19  06:44:49   7483  16744   P   -1.4222  0.2352  71.5S  16.1W   0             
-----  29  3371 Oct 30  14:13:52   7660  16967   P   -1.4645  0.1617  70.8S 140.8W   0             
-----  30  3389 Nov 09  21:52:35   7840  17190   P   -1.4998  0.1004  70.0S  92.7E   0             

-----  31  3407 Nov 22  05:40:53   8021  17413   P   -1.5281  0.0512  69.0S  35.7W   0             
-----  32  3425 Dec 02  13:38:46   8205  17636   Pe  -1.5498  0.0134  68.0S 165.8W   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to:

Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26