The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 167 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 2203 Sep 06. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 3483 Oct 24. The total duration of Saros series 167 is 1280.14 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 2203 Sep 06 14:50:23 TD Last Eclipse = 3483 Oct 24 04:33:10 TD Duration of Saros 167 = 1280.14 Years
Saros 167 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 167 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 72 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 29 | 40.3% |
| Annular | A | 3 | 4.2% |
| Total | T | 26 | 36.1% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 14 | 19.4% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 167 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 167 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 43 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 42 | 97.7% |
| Central (one limit) | 1 | 2.3% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 72 eclipses in Saros 167: 21P 26T 14H 3A 8P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 167 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 167 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | 3339 Jul 28 | 01m01s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | 3303 Jul 07 | 00m06s | - |
| Longest Total Solar Eclipse | 2780 Aug 22 | 06m16s | - |
| Shortest Total Solar Eclipse | 3033 Jan 23 | 01m43s | - |
| Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 3051 Feb 03 | 01m32s | - |
| Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 3285 Jun 24 | 00m17s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 3357 Aug 08 | - | 0.93921 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 2203 Sep 06 | - | 0.00673 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 167. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 167.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
09976 -37 2203 Sep 06 14:50:23 450 2519 Pb 1.5374 0.0067 71.8N 69.4E 0
10020 -36 2221 Sep 16 22:25:14 495 2742 P 1.4775 0.1170 72.1N 58.1W 0
10064 -35 2239 Sep 28 06:09:02 543 2965 P 1.4239 0.2160 72.1N 172.0E 0
10109 -34 2257 Oct 08 14:01:32 592 3188 P 1.3765 0.3034 71.9N 40.0E 0
10154 -33 2275 Oct 19 22:03:12 643 3411 P 1.3358 0.3786 71.4N 93.9W 0
10200 -32 2293 Oct 30 06:13:45 697 3634 P 1.3017 0.4416 70.7N 130.3E 0
10245 -31 2311 Nov 11 14:33:19 753 3857 P 1.2745 0.4919 69.9N 7.1W 0
10290 -30 2329 Nov 21 22:59:20 810 4080 P 1.2521 0.5333 68.9N 145.4W 0
10336 -29 2347 Dec 03 07:33:33 870 4303 P 1.2358 0.5635 67.9N 74.8E 0
10381 -28 2365 Dec 13 16:12:42 932 4526 P 1.2230 0.5872 66.8N 65.6W 0
10425 -27 2383 Dec 25 00:57:04 995 4749 P 1.2144 0.6033 65.8N 153.2E 0
10469 -26 2402 Jan 04 09:42:28 1061 4972 P 1.2064 0.6184 64.7N 12.2E 0
10512 -25 2420 Jan 15 18:30:39 1129 5195 P 1.2004 0.6298 63.8N 129.2W 0
10555 -24 2438 Jan 26 03:17:37 1199 5418 P 1.1929 0.6441 63.0N 90.1E 0
10598 -23 2456 Feb 06 12:03:15 1272 5641 P 1.1843 0.6607 62.3N 50.1W 0
10640 -22 2474 Feb 16 20:44:52 1346 5864 P 1.1720 0.6841 61.7N 171.0E 0
10682 -21 2492 Feb 28 05:22:53 1422 6087 P 1.1568 0.7135 61.4N 33.1E 0
10724 -20 2510 Mar 11 13:54:45 1500 6310 P 1.1362 0.7531 61.1N 103.2W 0
10765 -19 2528 Mar 21 22:20:29 1581 6533 P 1.1103 0.8030 61.1N 122.0E 0
10805 -18 2546 Apr 02 06:39:22 1663 6756 P 1.0785 0.8647 61.2N 11.0W 0
10845 -17 2564 Apr 12 14:51:42 1748 6979 P 1.0412 0.9373 61.5N 142.5W 0
10885 -16 2582 Apr 23 22:55:56 1834 7202 Tn 0.9969 1.0462 62.8N 91.1E 2 - 02m17s
10926 -15 2600 May 05 06:53:54 1923 7425 T 0.9474 1.0552 68.5N 2.2E 18 579 02m57s
10967 -14 2618 May 16 14:44:47 2014 7648 T 0.8919 1.0612 70.9N 97.2W 27 447 03m24s
11008 -13 2636 May 26 22:30:53 2107 7871 T 0.8322 1.0661 71.8N 165.5E 33 392 03m48s
11047 -12 2654 Jun 07 06:09:50 2202 8094 T 0.7665 1.0703 70.6N 70.1E 40 358 04m12s
11088 -11 2672 Jun 17 13:46:16 2299 8317 T 0.6987 1.0735 67.3N 28.6W 45 335 04m36s
11129 -10 2690 Jun 28 21:18:07 2398 8540 T 0.6272 1.0759 62.2N 131.3W 51 317 05m00s
11171 -09 2708 Jul 10 04:49:16 2499 8763 T 0.5551 1.0774 56.1N 121.9E 56 302 05m22s
11213 -08 2726 Jul 21 12:17:48 2602 8986 T 0.4807 1.0780 49.1N 12.9E 61 288 05m43s
11256 -07 2744 Jul 31 19:48:25 2707 9209 T 0.4082 1.0778 41.8N 98.6W 66 276 05m59s
11301 -06 2762 Aug 12 03:19:41 2815 9432 T 0.3366 1.0766 34.2N 148.5E 70 263 06m11s
11346 -05 2780 Aug 22 10:53:34 2924 9655 T 0.2672 1.0747 26.5N 34.2E 74 251 06m16s
11391 -04 2798 Sep 02 18:30:51 3036 9878 T 0.2008 1.0719 18.8N 81.4W 78 238 06m14s
11436 -03 2816 Sep 13 02:13:14 3149 10101 T 0.1390 1.0686 11.1N 161.5E 82 226 06m06s
11481 -02 2834 Sep 24 10:01:22 3265 10324 T 0.0823 1.0647 3.8N 42.9E 85 212 05m51s
11527 -01 2852 Oct 04 17:54:44 3383 10547 Tm 0.0305 1.0604 3.3S 76.9W 88 198 05m31s
11573 00 2870 Oct 16 01:55:41 3502 10770 T -0.0147 1.0557 9.9S 161.9E 89 184 05m07s
11620 01 2888 Oct 26 10:03:09 3624 10993 T -0.0541 1.0509 16.0S 39.5E 87 169 04m42s
11667 02 2906 Nov 07 18:18:03 3748 11216 T -0.0869 1.0461 21.3S 84.1W 85 154 04m15s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
11712 03 2924 Nov 18 02:38:44 3874 11439 T -0.1143 1.0413 25.8S 151.6E 83 139 03m47s
11757 04 2942 Nov 29 11:06:48 4002 11662 T -0.1353 1.0367 29.3S 26.2E 82 124 03m21s
11801 05 2960 Dec 09 19:39:39 4133 11885 T -0.1517 1.0323 31.7S 99.8W 81 111 02m57s
11845 06 2978 Dec 21 04:17:20 4265 12108 T -0.1638 1.0284 32.9S 133.5E 80 98 02m34s
11890 07 2996 Dec 31 12:58:17 4399 12331 T -0.1729 1.0249 32.9S 6.2E 80 86 02m14s
----- 08 3015 Jan 12 21:42:29 4535 12554 T -0.1791 1.0218 31.7S 122.2W 80 76 01m57s
----- 09 3033 Jan 23 06:26:27 4674 12777 T -0.1850 1.0193 29.6S 109.2E 79 67 01m43s
----- 10 3051 Feb 03 15:09:48 4814 13000 H3 -0.1910 1.0172 26.8S 19.8W 79 60 01m32s
----- 11 3069 Feb 13 23:50:23 4957 13223 H -0.1990 1.0157 23.5S 148.6W 78 55 01m23s
----- 12 3087 Feb 25 08:28:22 5102 13446 H -0.2091 1.0145 19.9S 82.8E 78 51 01m17s
----- 13 3105 Mar 08 16:59:16 5248 13669 H -0.2245 1.0137 16.4S 44.2W 77 48 01m13s
----- 14 3123 Mar 20 01:25:14 5397 13892 H -0.2436 1.0131 13.0S 170.2W 76 46 01m11s
----- 15 3141 Mar 30 09:42:12 5548 14115 H -0.2695 1.0127 10.0S 66.1E 74 45 01m10s
----- 16 3159 Apr 10 17:52:34 5701 14338 H -0.3004 1.0124 7.6S 56.0W 72 44 01m10s
----- 17 3177 Apr 21 01:51:45 5856 14561 H -0.3400 1.0120 6.1S 175.2W 70 44 01m09s
----- 18 3195 May 02 09:44:13 6013 14784 H -0.3846 1.0115 5.5S 67.3E 67 42 01m08s
----- 19 3213 May 12 17:25:49 6172 15007 H -0.4372 1.0106 6.1S 47.5W 64 40 01m06s
----- 20 3231 May 24 01:00:02 6333 15230 H -0.4952 1.0095 7.9S 160.7W 60 37 01m01s
----- 21 3249 Jun 03 08:24:31 6497 15453 H -0.5603 1.0078 11.1S 88.2E 56 32 00m51s
----- 22 3267 Jun 14 15:43:08 6662 15676 H -0.6294 1.0056 15.6S 22.0W 51 25 00m37s
----- 23 3285 Jun 24 22:54:08 6830 15899 H -0.7039 1.0027 21.6S 131.0W 45 13 00m17s
----- 24 3303 Jul 07 05:59:42 6999 16122 A -0.7818 0.9990 29.3S 120.4E 38 5 00m06s
----- 25 3321 Jul 17 13:00:57 7171 16345 A -0.8621 0.9944 38.9S 11.4E 30 39 00m33s
----- 26 3339 Jul 28 19:59:30 7344 16568 A -0.9434 0.9883 51.7S 100.2W 19 126 01m01s
----- 27 3357 Aug 08 02:56:15 7520 16791 P -1.0252 0.9392 70.5S 131.6E 0
----- 28 3375 Aug 19 09:52:27 7698 17014 P -1.1063 0.7926 71.2S 15.4E 0
----- 29 3393 Aug 29 16:50:10 7878 17237 P -1.1850 0.6512 71.8S 101.7W 0
----- 30 3411 Sep 10 23:50:10 8060 17460 P -1.2604 0.5171 72.2S 140.2E 0
----- 31 3429 Sep 21 06:52:35 8244 17683 P -1.3327 0.3896 72.3S 21.2E 0
----- 32 3447 Oct 02 14:00:16 8430 17906 P -1.3996 0.2731 72.2S 99.1W 0
----- 33 3465 Oct 12 21:13:11 8618 18129 P -1.4614 0.1668 71.9S 139.5E 0
----- 34 3483 Oct 24 04:33:10 8808 18352 Pe -1.5162 0.0737 71.3S 16.8E 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
