Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 170

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 170

Solar eclipses of Saros 170 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 2344 Aug 09. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 3606 Sep 15. The total duration of Saros series 170 is 1262.11 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =   2344 Aug 09   11:59:05 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   3606 Sep 15   18:02:18 TD

                      Duration of Saros 170  =  1262.11 Years

Saros 170 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 170
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 71100.0%
PartialP 18 25.4%
AnnularA 6 8.5%
TotalT 36 50.7%
Hybrid[3]H 11 15.5%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 170 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 170
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 53100.0%
Central (two limits) 52 98.1%
Central (one limit) 0 0.0%
Non-Central (one limit) 1 1.9%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 170: 11P 36T 11H 6A 7P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 170 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 170
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 3480 Jun 3000m52s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 3390 May 0700m05s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse 2885 Jul 0307m11s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse 2560 Dec 1800m55s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 3192 Jan 0701m36s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 3372 Apr 2500m00s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 2524 Nov 26 - 0.97775
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 3606 Sep 15 - 0.03678

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 170

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 170. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 170.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 170

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

10327 -35  2344 Aug 09  11:59:05    859   4262   Pb  -1.4974  0.0788  62.3S  52.2W   0             
10373 -34  2362 Aug 20  19:18:10    920   4485   P   -1.4239  0.2148  61.8S 170.7W   0             
10417 -33  2380 Aug 31  02:44:39    984   4708   P   -1.3553  0.3422  61.4S  69.2E   0             
10461 -32  2398 Sep 11  10:16:34   1049   4931   P   -1.2902  0.4632  61.2S  52.3W   0             
10504 -31  2416 Sep 21  17:57:51   1117   5154   P   -1.2321  0.5716  61.1S 176.0W   0             
10547 -30  2434 Oct 03  01:46:03   1186   5377   P   -1.1789  0.6705  61.1S  58.6E   0             
10590 -29  2452 Oct 13  09:44:05   1258   5600   P   -1.1334  0.7553  61.3S  69.3W   0             
10632 -28  2470 Oct 24  17:49:29   1332   5823   P   -1.0933  0.8298  61.7S 160.9E   0             
10674 -27  2488 Nov 04  02:04:56   1408   6046   P   -1.0609  0.8898  62.3S  28.4E   0             
10716 -26  2506 Nov 16  10:27:38   1486   6269   P   -1.0340  0.9396  63.0S 106.0W   0             

10757 -25  2524 Nov 26  18:58:09   1566   6492   P   -1.0134  0.9778  63.8S 117.4E   0             
10798 -24  2542 Dec 08  03:35:01   1648   6715   T-  -0.9975  1.0072  64.7S  21.0W   0             
10838 -23  2560 Dec 18  12:17:54   1732   6938   T   -0.9868  1.0184  73.6S 153.6W   8  444  00m55s
10878 -22  2578 Dec 29  21:04:04   1818   7161   T   -0.9781  1.0201  77.9S  61.6E  11  357  01m02s
10918 -21  2597 Jan 09  05:52:34   1907   7384   T   -0.9713  1.0219  80.8S  94.3W  13  334  01m08s
10959 -20  2615 Jan 21  14:42:02   1997   7607   T   -0.9651  1.0241  81.6S  99.5E  14  328  01m17s
11000 -19  2633 Jan 31  23:31:25   2090   7830   T   -0.9592  1.0266  79.9S  64.6W  16  332  01m27s
11040 -18  2651 Feb 12  08:17:28   2184   8053   T   -0.9502  1.0298  76.6S 139.9E  18  332  01m41s
11081 -17  2669 Feb 22  17:00:38   2281   8276   T   -0.9390  1.0333  72.2S   7.0W  20  333  01m58s
11122 -16  2687 Mar 06  01:38:13   2379   8499   T   -0.9230  1.0374  66.9S 148.6W  22  330  02m19s

11164 -15  2705 Mar 17  10:10:57   2480   8722   T   -0.9031  1.0419  61.0S  74.0E  25  327  02m44s
11206 -14  2723 Mar 28  18:35:42   2583   8945   T   -0.8766  1.0465  54.6S  59.8W  28  321  03m13s
11249 -13  2741 Apr 08  02:54:50   2688   9168   T   -0.8453  1.0513  47.9S 169.2E  32  317  03m46s
11292 -12  2759 Apr 19  11:05:50   2795   9391   T   -0.8071  1.0560  41.0S  41.2E  36  311  04m22s
11337 -11  2777 Apr 29  19:10:09   2904   9614   T   -0.7632  1.0607  34.1S  84.2W  40  307  05m00s
11382 -10  2795 May 11  03:06:46   3015   9837   T   -0.7126  1.0649  27.2S 153.0E  44  302  05m37s
11427 -09  2813 May 21  10:57:38   3128  10060   T   -0.6571  1.0688  20.7S  32.4E  49  297  06m11s
11472 -08  2831 Jun 01  18:42:34   3244  10283   T   -0.5964  1.0720  14.6S  86.0W  53  292  06m39s
11518 -07  2849 Jun 12  02:21:56   3361  10506   T   -0.5310  1.0747   9.0S 157.7E  58  286  07m00s
11564 -06  2867 Jun 23  09:57:35   3480  10729   T   -0.4622  1.0766   4.1S  43.0E  62  279  07m10s

11611 -05  2885 Jul 03  17:29:55   3602  10952   T   -0.3905  1.0777   0.1N  70.2W  67  272  07m11s
11658 -04  2903 Jul 16  01:00:45   3725  11175   T   -0.3177  1.0780   3.4N 177.5E  71  265  07m04s
11704 -03  2921 Jul 26  08:29:29   3851  11398   T   -0.2434  1.0775   5.8N  66.2E  76  258  06m50s
11749 -02  2939 Aug 06  15:59:27   3979  11621   T   -0.1702  1.0761   7.3N  45.1W  80  250  06m33s
11793 -01  2957 Aug 16  23:30:11   4108  11844   T   -0.0978  1.0739   8.0N 156.4W  84  241  06m13s
11837  00  2975 Aug 28  07:03:32   4240  12067   Tm  -0.0279  1.0709   8.0N  91.8E  88  231  05m53s
11881  01  2993 Sep 07  14:40:11   4374  12290   T    0.0387  1.0673   7.4N  21.0W  88  220  05m33s
-----  02  3011 Sep 19  22:22:01   4510  12513   T    0.1006  1.0631   6.4N 135.2W  84  208  05m13s
-----  03  3029 Sep 30  06:09:34   4648  12736   T    0.1575  1.0585   5.0N 109.1E  81  195  04m53s
-----  04  3047 Oct 11  14:02:28   4788  12959   T    0.2094  1.0534   3.7N   8.2W  78  180  04m34s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 170

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

-----  05  3065 Oct 21  22:02:28   4931  13182   T    0.2550  1.0482   2.3N 127.4W  75  165  04m14s
-----  06  3083 Nov 02  06:09:18   5075  13405   T    0.2944  1.0428   1.1N 111.5E  73  149  03m53s
-----  07  3101 Nov 13  14:23:09   5221  13628   T    0.3276  1.0375   0.1N  11.4W  71  133  03m32s
-----  08  3119 Nov 24  22:43:30   5370  13851   T    0.3548  1.0323   0.4S 136.1W  69  116  03m09s
-----  09  3137 Dec 05  07:10:06   5520  14074   T    0.3765  1.0274   0.6S  97.5E  68  100  02m46s
-----  10  3155 Dec 16  15:42:37   5673  14297   T    0.3927  1.0228   0.2S  30.4W  67   84  02m22s
-----  11  3173 Dec 27  00:18:29   5827  14520   T    0.4054  1.0186   0.7N 159.3W  66   70  01m58s
-----  12  3192 Jan 07  08:58:32   5984  14743   H    0.4142  1.0149   2.2N  70.7E  66   56  01m36s
-----  13  3210 Jan 17  17:39:31   6143  14966   H    0.4213  1.0117   4.3N  59.7W  65   45  01m15s
-----  14  3228 Jan 29  02:21:39   6304  15189   H    0.4273  1.0091   7.0N 169.5E  65   35  00m58s

-----  15  3246 Feb 08  11:00:42   6467  15412   H    0.4351  1.0069  10.5N  39.2E  64   26  00m43s
-----  16  3264 Feb 19  19:38:39   6632  15635   H    0.4433  1.0051  14.4N  90.9W  64   20  00m32s
-----  17  3282 Mar 02  04:11:21   6799  15858   H    0.4550  1.0038  19.0N 140.2E  63   15  00m23s
-----  18  3300 Mar 13  12:38:49   6968  16081   H    0.4708  1.0028  24.1N  12.4E  62   11  00m17s
-----  19  3318 Mar 24  20:58:34   7139  16304   H    0.4924  1.0020  29.8N 113.4W  60    8  00m11s
-----  20  3336 Apr 04  05:11:35   7312  16527   H    0.5192  1.0014  35.8N 122.5E  59    6  00m08s
-----  21  3354 Apr 15  13:15:34   7488  16750   H    0.5527  1.0008  42.2N   0.9E  56    3  00m04s
-----  22  3372 Apr 25  21:10:41   7665  16973   H    0.5929  1.0000  49.0N 118.1W  53    0  00m00s
-----  23  3390 May 07  04:56:31   7845  17196   A    0.6403  0.9991  56.0N 126.0E  50    4  00m05s
-----  24  3408 May 18  12:34:04   8026  17419   A    0.6939  0.9978  63.2N  13.6E  46   11  00m10s

-----  25  3426 May 29  20:01:37   8210  17642   A    0.7550  0.9960  70.8N  93.3W  41   22  00m17s
-----  26  3444 Jun 09  03:21:41   8395  17865   A    0.8213  0.9935  78.4N 170.0E  34   40  00m26s
-----  27  3462 Jun 20  10:33:39   8583  18088   A    0.8934  0.9901  84.0N 116.7E  26   78  00m37s
-----  28  3480 Jun 30  17:40:21   8773  18311   A    0.9687  0.9850  76.8N  85.2E  14  225  00m52s
-----  29  3498 Jul 12  00:39:45   8965  18534   P    1.0491  0.8967  64.2N   5.2W   0             
-----  30  3516 Jul 23  07:36:43   9159  18757   P    1.1302  0.7507  63.4N 118.0W   0             
-----  31  3534 Aug 03  14:29:30   9355  18980   P    1.2138  0.6009  62.7N 130.5E   0             
-----  32  3552 Aug 13  21:22:23   9553  19203   P    1.2959  0.4548  62.1N  19.1E   0             
-----  33  3570 Aug 25  04:13:00   9754  19426   P    1.3788  0.3085  61.7N  91.5W   0             
-----  34  3588 Sep 04  11:07:03   9956  19649   P    1.4577  0.1702  61.4N 157.0E   0             

-----  35  3606 Sep 15  18:02:18  10160  19872   Pe   1.5347  0.0368  61.2N  45.4E   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to:

Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26