Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 175

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 175

Solar eclipses of Saros 175 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 2597 Jul 05. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 3841 Jul 31. The total duration of Saros series 175 is 1244.08 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =   2597 Jul 05   17:53:16 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   3841 Jul 31   21:40:43 TD

                      Duration of Saros 175  =  1244.08 Years

Saros 175 is composed of 70 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 175
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 70100.0%
PartialP 15 21.4%
AnnularA 26 37.1%
TotalT 24 34.3%
Hybrid[3]H 5 7.1%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 175 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 175
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 55100.0%
Central (two limits) 53 96.4%
Central (one limit) 1 1.8%
Non-Central (one limit) 1 1.8%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 70 eclipses in Saros 175: 7P 26A 5H 24T 8P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 175 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 175
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 2867 Dec 1709m55s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 3174 Jun 2100m14s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse 3679 Apr 2302m49s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse 3480 Dec 2401m04s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 3264 Aug 1401m45s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 3192 Jul 0100m17s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 3715 May 16 - 0.91925
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 2597 Jul 05 - 0.04371

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 175

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 175. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 175.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 175

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

10920 -33  2597 Jul 05  17:53:16   1909   7390   Pb   1.5370  0.0437  67.4N  99.2E   0             
10961 -32  2615 Jul 18  00:19:58   2000   7613   P    1.4533  0.1869  68.4N   8.1W   0             
11002 -31  2633 Jul 28  06:45:14   2092   7836   P    1.3679  0.3330  69.4N 115.6W   0             
11041 -30  2651 Aug 08  13:13:27   2187   8059   P    1.2844  0.4757  70.3N 135.6E   0             
11082 -29  2669 Aug 18  19:43:41   2283   8282   P    1.2020  0.6161  71.1N  25.7E   0             
11123 -28  2687 Aug 30  02:19:46   2382   8505   P    1.1238  0.7490  71.7N  86.2W   0             
11165 -27  2705 Sep 10  08:59:54   2483   8728   P    1.0484  0.8767  72.2N 160.4E   0             
11207 -26  2723 Sep 21  15:48:55   2586   8951   An   0.9799  0.9291  70.0N  12.0E  11   -   05m24s
11250 -25  2741 Oct 01  22:44:42   2691   9174   A    0.9163  0.9303  58.5N 120.9W  23  652  06m14s
11293 -24  2759 Oct 13  05:50:16   2798   9397   A    0.8601  0.9301  49.0N 122.5E  30  509  07m00s

11338 -23  2777 Oct 23  13:04:19   2907   9620   A    0.8102  0.9294  40.9N   7.9E  36  448  07m45s
11383 -22  2795 Nov 03  20:29:04   3018   9843   A    0.7683  0.9285  34.2N 107.5W  40  416  08m26s
11428 -21  2813 Nov 14  04:02:23   3131  10066   A    0.7331  0.9276  28.6N 136.0E  43  398  09m04s
11473 -20  2831 Nov 25  11:44:06   3247  10289   A    0.7040  0.9270  24.1N  18.1E  45  386  09m32s
11519 -19  2849 Dec 05  19:34:20   3364  10512   A    0.6814  0.9266  20.7N 101.4W  47  377  09m51s
11565 -18  2867 Dec 17  03:31:29   3484  10735   A    0.6635  0.9266  18.4N 137.7E  48  369  09m55s
11612 -17  2885 Dec 27  11:34:23   3605  10958   A    0.6500  0.9270  17.1N  15.6E  49  360  09m46s
11659 -16  2904 Jan 08  19:40:31   3729  11181   A    0.6386  0.9281  16.7N 107.2W  50  348  09m24s
11705 -15  2922 Jan 19  03:50:04   3854  11404   A    0.6295  0.9296  17.2N 129.3E  51  335  08m53s
11750 -14  2940 Jan 30  11:59:57   3982  11627   A    0.6198  0.9319  18.3N   5.8E  52  319  08m15s

11794 -13  2958 Feb 09  20:08:50   4112  11850   A    0.6088  0.9347  20.0N 117.4W  52  301  07m33s
11838 -12  2976 Feb 21  04:15:07   4244  12073   A    0.5951  0.9382  22.1N 120.2E  53  279  06m49s
11882 -11  2994 Mar 03  12:17:48   4378  12296   A    0.5777  0.9422  24.5N   1.0W  55  256  06m06s
----- -10  3012 Mar 14  20:15:28   4514  12519   A    0.5556  0.9469  27.1N 120.6W  56  231  05m24s
----- -09  3030 Mar 26  04:06:54   4652  12742   A    0.5274  0.9519  29.6N 121.9E  58  204  04m45s
----- -08  3048 Apr 05  11:52:11   4792  12965   A    0.4933  0.9575  32.0N   6.6E  60  176  04m06s
----- -07  3066 Apr 16  19:30:46   4934  13188   A    0.4529  0.9632  34.1N 106.4W  63  148  03m31s
----- -06  3084 Apr 27  03:01:50   5079  13411   A    0.4054  0.9692  35.6N 143.3E  66  120  02m56s
----- -05  3102 May 09  10:26:36   5225  13634   A    0.3518  0.9752  36.3N  35.3E  69   94  02m23s
----- -04  3120 May 19  17:44:57   5374  13857   A    0.2920  0.9812  36.1N  70.8W  73   70  01m50s

----- -03  3138 May 31  00:58:59   5524  14080   A    0.2276  0.9870  34.7N 175.7W  77   47  01m18s
----- -02  3156 Jun 10  08:06:40   5677  14303   A    0.1571  0.9927  32.0N  80.7E  81   26  00m46s
----- -01  3174 Jun 21  15:12:22   5831  14526   A    0.0842  0.9978  28.3N  23.2W  85    8  00m14s
-----  00  3192 Jul 01  22:14:22   5988  14749   H    0.0075  1.0026  23.4N 126.9W  89    9  00m17s
-----  01  3210 Jul 13  05:16:37   6147  14972   H   -0.0699  1.0069  17.6N 128.4E  86   24  00m46s
-----  02  3228 Jul 23  12:17:27   6308  15195   Hm  -0.1493  1.0106  11.1N  23.2E  81   37  01m11s
-----  03  3246 Aug 03  19:21:42   6471  15418   H   -0.2267  1.0136   4.0N  83.6W  77   48  01m31s
-----  04  3264 Aug 14  02:28:00   6636  15641   H2  -0.3029  1.0161   3.5S 168.4E  72   58  01m45s
-----  05  3282 Aug 25  09:38:51   6803  15864   T   -0.3761  1.0180  11.3S  58.8E  68   66  01m53s
-----  06  3300 Sep 05  16:54:28   6972  16087   T   -0.4462  1.0192  19.3S  52.3W  63   73  01m55s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 175

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

-----  07  3318 Sep 17  00:17:10   7144  16310   T   -0.5112  1.0200  27.3S 165.4W  59   79  01m53s
-----  08  3336 Sep 27  07:46:54   7317  16533   T   -0.5710  1.0202  35.3S  79.6E  55   84  01m48s
-----  09  3354 Oct 08  15:24:22   7492  16756   T   -0.6252  1.0201  43.1S  37.1W  51   87  01m40s
-----  10  3372 Oct 18  23:10:32   7670  16979   T   -0.6728  1.0196  50.6S 155.7W  47   90  01m32s
-----  11  3390 Oct 30  07:05:43   7849  17202   T   -0.7138  1.0190  57.7S  84.4E  44   93  01m24s
-----  12  3408 Nov 10  15:09:24   8031  17425   T   -0.7485  1.0183  64.4S  36.1W  41   95  01m17s
-----  13  3426 Nov 21  23:21:50   8215  17648   T   -0.7766  1.0177  70.2S 155.8W  39   97  01m11s
-----  14  3444 Dec 02  07:42:07   8400  17871   T   -0.7989  1.0172  75.0S  88.1E  37   99  01m07s
-----  15  3462 Dec 13  16:10:14   8588  18094   T   -0.8153  1.0170  77.8S  21.6W  35  101  01m04s
-----  16  3480 Dec 24  00:43:17   8778  18317   T   -0.8282  1.0171  78.0S 127.8W  34  106  01m04s

-----  17  3499 Jan 04  09:23:01   8970  18540   T   -0.8363  1.0177  75.7S 118.4E  33  111  01m05s
-----  18  3517 Jan 15  18:05:40   9164  18763   T   -0.8428  1.0187  72.1S   3.8W  32  119  01m09s
-----  19  3535 Jan 27  02:51:40   9360  18986   T   -0.8469  1.0203  68.0S 132.1W  32  130  01m15s
-----  20  3553 Feb 06  11:37:00   9559  19209   T   -0.8520  1.0222  63.9S  97.4E  31  144  01m23s
-----  21  3571 Feb 17  20:23:21   9759  19432   T   -0.8569  1.0246  59.9S  34.9W  31  161  01m34s
-----  22  3589 Feb 28  05:06:43   9961  19655   T   -0.8651  1.0274  56.4S 166.7W  30  183  01m46s
-----  23  3607 Mar 11  13:47:16  10166  19878   T   -0.8759  1.0305  53.4S  61.9E  29  210  02m00s
-----  24  3625 Mar 21  22:22:33  10372  20101   T   -0.8917  1.0336  51.3S  67.8W  27  246  02m15s
-----  25  3643 Apr 02  06:53:11  10581  20324   T   -0.9117  1.0368  50.2S 163.8E  24  296  02m30s
-----  26  3661 Apr 12  15:16:58  10791  20547   T   -0.9378  1.0398  50.8S  38.0E  20  380  02m42s

-----  27  3679 Apr 23  23:34:11  11004  20770   T   -0.9697  1.0420  53.9S  84.1W  13  583  02m49s
-----  28  3697 May 04  07:44:22  11219  20993   T-  -1.0079  1.0007  62.6S 165.7E   0             
-----  29  3715 May 16  15:48:06  11436  21216   P   -1.0514  0.9193  63.3S  36.5E   0             
-----  30  3733 May 26  23:44:17  11655  21439   P   -1.1015  0.8244  64.2S  91.0W   0             
-----  31  3751 Jun 07  07:34:51  11876  21662   P   -1.1563  0.7198  65.1S 142.6E   0             
-----  32  3769 Jun 17  15:19:18  12099  21885   P   -1.2161  0.6047  66.0S  17.4E   0             
-----  33  3787 Jun 28  23:00:16  12324  22108   P   -1.2789  0.4831  67.0S 107.3W   0             
-----  34  3805 Jul 10  06:35:31  12551  22331   P   -1.3462  0.3523  68.0S 128.9E   0             
-----  35  3823 Jul 21  14:09:36  12780  22554   P   -1.4144  0.2196  69.0S   4.9E   0             
-----  36  3841 Jul 31  21:40:43  13012  22777   Pe  -1.4848  0.0826  69.9S 118.8W   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to:

Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26