Annular Solar Eclipses with Durations Exceeding 09m 00s

1001 to 2000 ( 1001 CE to 2000 CE )

Introduction

Eclipses of the Sun can only occur during the New Moon phase. It is then possible for the Moon's penumbral, umbral or antumbral shadows to sweep across Earth's surface thereby producing an eclipse. Not all New Moons result in a solar eclipse because the Moon's orbit is tilted about 5 degrees to Earth's about the Sun. Consequently, the Moon's shadows miss Earth at most New Moon's. Nevertheless, there are 2 to 5 solar eclipses every calendar year. There are four types of solar eclipses: partial, annular, total and hybrid[1]. For more information, see Basic Solar Eclipse Geometry.


Solar Eclipses: 1001 to 2000

During the 10 century period 1001 to 2000 ( 1001 CE to 2000 CE[2]), Earth experienced 2385 solar eclipses. The following table shows the number of eclipses of each type over this period.

Solar Eclipses: 1001 - 2000
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 2385100.0%
PartialP 837 35.1%
AnnularA 767 32.2%
TotalT 616 25.8%
HybridH 165 6.9%

Annular and total eclipses can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes during the 20th century CE appears in the following three tables (no Hybrids are included since all are central with two limits).

Annular and Total Eclipses
Classification Number Percent
All 1383100.0%
Central (two limits) 1353 97.8%
Central (one limit) 13 0.9%
Non-Central (one limit) 17 1.2%
Annular Eclipses
Classification Number Percent
All Annular Eclipses 767100.0%
Central (two limits) 745 97.1%
Central (one limit) 10 1.3%
Non-Central (one limit) 12 1.6%
Total Eclipses
Classification Number Percent
All Total Eclipses 616100.0%
Central (two limits) 608 98.7%
Central (one limit) 3 0.5%
Non-Central (one limit) 5 0.8%

Long Annular Solar Eclipses

The longest central[3] solar eclipses of this period are:

          Longest Total   Solar Eclipse:    1062 Jun 09      Duration = 07m20s
          Longest Annular Solar Eclipse:    1955 Dec 14      Duration = 12m09s
          Longest Hybrid  Solar Eclipse:    1423 Jul 08      Duration = 01m45s

Long Annular Solar Eclipses are relatively rare. The following catalog lists concise details and local circumstances for all Annular Solar Eclipses with durations exceeding 09m 00s. The Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipses contains a detailed description and explanation of each item listed in the catalog. For eclipses from -1999 to +3000, the Catalog Number in the first column serves as a link to a global map of Earth showing the geographic visibility of each eclipse. The date and time of the eclipse are given at the instant of greatest eclipse[4] in Terrestrial Dynamical Time. The Saros Number in the sixth column links to a table listing all eclipses in the Saros series. The Key to Solar Eclipse Maps explains the features plotted on each map.

The data presented here are based in part on the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.



Catalog of Long Annular Solar Eclipses: 1001 to 2000


                      TD of
Catalog  Calendar   Greatest          Luna Saros Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Sun  Path Central
Number     Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Num  Type  Gamma    Mag.   Lat.   Long. Alt Azm Width   Dur.
                                  s                                      °      °    °    °   km

07141  1007 Nov 12  20:00:23   1549 -12271  107   A    0.1855  0.9233   8.8S 115.5W  79 188  294  10m49s
07183  1025 Nov 23  03:59:16   1459 -12048  107   A    0.1758  0.9211  11.5S 124.5E  80 184  303  11m14s
07185  1026 Nov 12  03:05:07   1455 -12036  117   A    0.8527  0.9208  39.0N 145.4E  31 190  573  09m08s
07225  1043 Dec 04  12:01:48   1370 -11825  107   A    0.1691  0.9196  13.4S   3.8E  80 179  309  11m28s
07227  1044 Nov 22  11:07:50   1365 -11813  117   A    0.8426  0.9213  36.0N  20.5E  32 185  555  09m24s
07269  1061 Dec 14  20:03:51   1280 -11602  107   A    0.1623  0.9187  14.3S 116.5W  81 175  312  11m29s
07271  1062 Dec 03  19:13:41   1275 -11590  117   A    0.8342  0.9223  33.8N 104.9W  33 180  534  09m26s
07313  1079 Dec 26  04:06:10   1190 -11379  107   A    0.1559  0.9185  14.4S 123.1E  81 170  313  11m18s
07315  1080 Dec 14  03:22:42   1185 -11367  117   A    0.8281  0.9239  32.4N 129.1E  34 174  512  09m16s
07358  1098 Jan 05  12:04:49   1100 -11156  107   A    0.1464  0.9189  13.8S   3.7E  82 166  311  10m56s

07404  1116 Jan 16  20:00:57   1027 -10933  107   A    0.1350  0.9200  12.4S 115.1W  82 161  306  10m27s
07449  1134 Jan 27  03:49:21    955 -10710  107   A    0.1170  0.9217  10.6S 127.9E  83 158  298  09m54s
07494  1152 Feb 07  11:32:55    885 -10487  107   A    0.0950  0.9238   8.4S  12.0E  85 155  288  09m19s
07530  1166 Oct 25  21:19:40    842 -10305  110   A    0.0477  0.9253  12.2S 139.1W  87 205  282  09m05s
07576  1184 Nov 05  05:09:12    788 -10082  110   A    0.0659  0.9224  14.4S 103.7E  86 202  294  09m45s
07621  1202 Nov 16  13:02:26    734  -9859  110   A    0.0809  0.9201  16.2S  14.1W  85 198  303  10m23s
07667  1220 Nov 26  21:01:31    680  -9636  110   A    0.0907  0.9185  17.4S 133.3W  85 193  311  10m57s
07713  1238 Dec 08  05:02:16    627  -9413  110   A    0.0988  0.9175  17.9S 107.1E  84 188  315  11m23s
07758  1256 Dec 18  13:04:38    576  -9190  110   A    0.1055  0.9172  17.5S  12.8W  84 184  317  11m39s
07802  1274 Dec 29  21:04:54    529  -8967  110   A    0.1138  0.9175  16.2S 132.3W  84 179  316  11m44s

07845  1293 Jan 09  05:03:32    482  -8744  110   A    0.1233  0.9185  13.9S 108.4E  83 175  312  11m36s
07887  1311 Jan 20  12:57:37    445  -8521  110   A    0.1365  0.9200  10.6S  10.2W  82 171  306  11m18s
07928  1329 Jan 30  20:45:47    413  -8298  110   A    0.1543  0.9222   6.5S 127.8W  81 168  297  10m51s
07961  1343 Oct 19  06:39:25    386  -8116  113   A   -0.2873  0.9247  29.0S  73.3E  73  16  296  09m12s
07969  1347 Feb 11  04:27:03    380  -8075  110   A    0.1778  0.9248   1.5S 115.9E  80 165  287  10m17s
08003  1361 Oct 29  14:21:52    357  -7893  113   A   -0.3101  0.9219  34.1S  42.1W  72  13  310  09m22s
08010  1365 Feb 21  12:00:58    351  -7852  110   A    0.2074  0.9279   4.1N   1.1E  78 164  276  09m38s
08044  1379 Nov 09  22:10:29    328  -7670  113   A   -0.3275  0.9195  38.3S 158.1W  71  10  323  09m29s
08085  1397 Nov 20  06:04:18    299  -7447  113   A   -0.3407  0.9178  41.6S  85.7E  70   5  333  09m32s
08125  1415 Dec 01  14:02:32    274  -7224  113   A   -0.3503  0.9166  43.7S  30.8W  69 359  339  09m31s

08165  1433 Dec 11  22:03:44    249  -7001  113   A   -0.3579  0.9162  44.6S 147.4W  69 353  342  09m25s
08205  1451 Dec 23  06:05:20    225  -6778  113   A   -0.3651  0.9164  44.3S  95.9E  68 347  342  09m16s
08244  1470 Jan 02  14:05:56    207  -6555  113   A   -0.3733  0.9173  43.1S  20.8W  68 341  339  09m02s
08401  1538 Oct 22  23:38:41    147  -5704  116   A    0.5572  0.9214  16.6N 164.1W  56 205  351  09m41s
08442  1556 Nov 02  07:22:13    134  -5481  116   A    0.5798  0.9190  15.5N  78.9E  54 201  370  10m24s
08462  1565 Nov 22  20:49:55    129  -5369  135   A    0.9564  0.9092  51.4N 130.5W  16 184 1220  09m37s
08483  1574 Nov 13  15:12:17    123  -5258  116   A    0.5970  0.9171  14.8N  40.0W  53 197  387  11m03s
08503  1583 Dec 14  04:48:39    118  -5146  135   A    0.9471  0.9083  48.5N 104.1E  18 177 1116  10m03s
08524  1592 Dec 03  23:07:16    113  -5035  116   A    0.6102  0.9159  14.5N 160.2W  52 193  401  11m36s
08544  1601 Dec 24  12:50:31    107  -4923  135   A    0.9402  0.9078  46.6N  21.6W  19 171 1051  10m14s

08564  1610 Dec 15  07:06:48     99  -4812  116   A    0.6195  0.9153  14.7N  78.2E  52 188  409  11m56s
08586  1620 Jan 04  20:51:05     92  -4700  135   A    0.9321  0.9081  45.0N 146.5W  21 165  976  10m13s
08608  1628 Dec 25  15:08:47     84  -4589  116   A    0.6265  0.9153  15.4N  44.0W  51 184  413  12m02s
08630  1638 Jan 15  04:51:53     65  -4477  135   A    0.9242  0.9090  44.0N  88.9E  22 159  907  10m00s
08653  1647 Jan 05  23:10:59     50  -4366  116   A    0.6336  0.9161  16.9N 166.5W  51 179  413  11m50s
08676  1656 Jan 26  12:48:10     41  -4254  135   A    0.9122  0.9106  43.2N  34.1W  24 154  820  09m38s
08699  1665 Jan 16  07:11:51     31  -4143  116   A    0.6420  0.9174  19.1N  71.2E  50 175  409  11m24s
08722  1674 Feb 05  20:41:35     21  -4031  135   A    0.8979  0.9129  42.8N 155.7W  26 149  736  09m09s
08745  1683 Jan 27  15:10:09     13  -3920  116   A    0.6526  0.9195  22.1N  50.6W  49 171  401  10m44s
08790  1701 Feb 07  23:04:53      8  -3697  116   A    0.6663  0.9219  25.9N 171.7W  48 167  393  09m55s


Catalog of Long Annular Solar Eclipses: 1001 to 2000


                      TD of
Catalog  Calendar   Greatest          Luna Saros Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Sun  Path Central
Number     Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Num  Type  Gamma    Mag.   Lat.   Long. Alt Azm Width   Dur.
                                  s                                      °      °    °    °   km

08835  1719 Feb 19  06:52:57     10  -3474  116   A    0.6856  0.9250  30.5N  68.6E  47 163  384  09m01s
09200  1865 Oct 19  16:21:14      5  -1660  141   A    0.5366  0.9263  21.3N  60.2W  57 196  326  09m27s
09242  1883 Oct 30  23:50:54     -6  -1437  141   A    0.5030  0.9238  15.6N 174.9W  60 193  331  10m17s
09284  1901 Nov 11  07:28:21     -0  -1214  141   A    0.4758  0.9216  10.8N  68.9E  62 190  336  11m01s
09327  1919 Nov 22  15:14:12     21   -991  141   A    0.4549  0.9198   6.9N  48.9W  63 186  341  11m37s
09370  1937 Dec 02  23:05:45     24   -768  141   A    0.4389  0.9184   4.0N 167.8W  64 182  344  12m00s
09411  1955 Dec 14  07:02:25     31   -545  141   A    0.4266  0.9176   2.1N  72.2E  65 178  346  12m09s
09451  1973 Dec 24  15:02:44     44   -322  141   A    0.4171  0.9174   1.1N  48.5W  65 174  345  12m02s
09490  1992 Jan 04  23:05:37     58    -99  141   A    0.4091  0.9179   1.0N 169.7W  66 169  340  11m41s


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. (See: Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses)

[2] The terms BCE and CE are abbreviations for "Before Common Era" and "Common Era," respectively. They are the secular equivalents to the BC and AD dating conventions. (See: Year Dating Conventions )

[3] Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[4] Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog.

The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"


Eclipse Links

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Ten Millennium Catalog of Long Solar Eclipses

Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series

World Atlas of Solar Eclipse Paths

2007 May 11