Annular Solar Eclipses with Durations Exceeding 09m 00s

2001 to 3000 ( 2001 CE to 3000 CE )

Introduction

Eclipses of the Sun can only occur during the New Moon phase. It is then possible for the Moon's penumbral, umbral or antumbral shadows to sweep across Earth's surface thereby producing an eclipse. Not all New Moons result in a solar eclipse because the Moon's orbit is tilted about 5 degrees to Earth's about the Sun. Consequently, the Moon's shadows miss Earth at most New Moon's. Nevertheless, there are 2 to 5 solar eclipses every calendar year. There are four types of solar eclipses: partial, annular, total and hybrid[1]. For more information, see Basic Solar Eclipse Geometry.


Solar Eclipses: 2001 to 3000

During the 10 century period 2001 to 3000 ( 2001 CE to 3000 CE[2]), Earth will experience 2388 solar eclipses. The following table shows the number of eclipses of each type over this period.

Solar Eclipses: 2001 - 3000
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 2388100.0%
PartialP 847 35.5%
AnnularA 834 34.9%
TotalT 650 27.2%
HybridH 57 2.4%

Annular and total eclipses can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes during the 30th century CE appears in the following three tables (no Hybrids are included since all are central with two limits).

Annular and Total Eclipses
Classification Number Percent
All 1484100.0%
Central (two limits) 1442 97.2%
Central (one limit) 23 1.5%
Non-Central (one limit) 19 1.3%
Annular Eclipses
Classification Number Percent
All Annular Eclipses 834100.0%
Central (two limits) 803 96.3%
Central (one limit) 15 1.8%
Non-Central (one limit) 16 1.9%
Total Eclipses
Classification Number Percent
All Total Eclipses 650100.0%
Central (two limits) 639 98.3%
Central (one limit) 8 1.2%
Non-Central (one limit) 3 0.5%

Long Annular Solar Eclipses

The longest central[3] solar eclipses of this period are:

          Longest Total   Solar Eclipse:    2186 Jul 16      Duration = 07m29s
          Longest Annular Solar Eclipse:    2010 Jan 15      Duration = 11m08s
          Longest Hybrid  Solar Eclipse:    2013 Nov 03      Duration = 01m40s

Long Annular Solar Eclipses are relatively rare. The following catalog lists concise details and local circumstances for all Annular Solar Eclipses with durations exceeding 09m 00s. The Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipses contains a detailed description and explanation of each item listed in the catalog. For eclipses from -1999 to +3000, the Catalog Number in the first column serves as a link to a global map of Earth showing the geographic visibility of each eclipse. The date and time of the eclipse are given at the instant of greatest eclipse[4] in Terrestrial Dynamical Time. The Saros Number in the sixth column links to a table listing all eclipses in the Saros series. The Key to Solar Eclipse Maps explains the features plotted on each map.

The data presented here are based in part on the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.



Catalog of Long Annular Solar Eclipses: 2001 to 3000


                      TD of
Catalog  Calendar   Greatest          Luna Saros Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Sun  Path Central
Number     Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Num  Type  Gamma    Mag.   Lat.   Long. Alt Azm Width   Dur.
                                  s                                      °      °    °    °   km

09529  2010 Jan 15  07:07:39     66    124  141   A    0.4002  0.9190   1.6N  69.3E  66 165  333  11m08s
09569  2028 Jan 26  15:08:59     82    347  141   A    0.3901  0.9208   3.0N  51.5W  67 161  323  10m27s
09609  2046 Feb 05  23:06:26    103    570  141   A    0.3765  0.9232   4.8N 171.3W  68 157  310  09m42s
09764  2113 Dec 08  09:03:27    209   1409  134   A    0.5049  0.9296   7.1N  48.8E  60 191  304  09m35s
09766  2114 Nov 27  08:24:15    211   1421  144   A   -0.1815  0.9223  31.3S  48.2E  79  17  298  09m15s
09804  2131 Dec 19  17:06:51    245   1632  134   A    0.5165  0.9267   7.6N  72.9W  59 186  321  10m14s
09806  2132 Dec 07  16:18:43    248   1644  144   A   -0.1661  0.9215  32.2S  68.1W  80  13  301  09m33s
09846  2149 Dec 30  01:13:04    285   1855  134   A    0.5253  0.9245   8.6N 164.6E  58 182  334  10m42s
09848  2150 Dec 19  00:17:02    288   1867  144   A   -0.1535  0.9211  32.3S 174.8E  81   8  302  09m46s
09888  2168 Jan 10  09:19:03    329   2078  134   A    0.5337  0.9230  10.3N  42.0E  58 178  344  10m55s

09890  2168 Dec 29  08:19:33    331   2090  144   A   -0.1444  0.9215  31.6S  56.6E  82   2  300  09m52s
09932  2186 Jan 20  17:23:44    375   2301  134   A    0.5426  0.9221  12.8N  80.4W  57 174  350  10m53s
09934  2187 Jan 09  16:23:41    378   2313  144   A   -0.1365  0.9224  30.0S  62.3W  82 358  296  09m51s
09977  2204 Feb 02  01:25:26    424   2524  134   A    0.5535  0.9218  16.0N 157.7E  56 170  353  10m38s
09979  2205 Jan 21  00:27:32    427   2536  144   A   -0.1281  0.9241  27.5S 178.5E  82 353  289  09m42s
10021  2222 Feb 12  09:23:18    474   2747  134   A    0.5669  0.9220  20.0N  36.6E  55 166  355  10m14s
10023  2223 Feb 01  08:29:43    477   2759  144   A   -0.1180  0.9263  24.1S  59.1E  83 349  279  09m26s
10059  2237 Oct 19  19:06:04    519   2941  147   A    0.0295  0.9316   8.6S 107.7W  88 196  256  09m07s
10065  2240 Feb 23  17:14:11    525   2970  134   A    0.5859  0.9228  24.7N  83.0W  54 163  356  09m41s
10067  2241 Feb 11  16:28:39    528   2982  144   A   -0.1046  0.9292  19.9S  60.1W  84 347  267  09m04s

10103  2255 Oct 31  02:32:04    568   3164  147   A   -0.0088  0.9295  14.5S 140.1E  89  11  264  09m24s
10110  2258 Mar 06  00:58:23    574   3193  134   A    0.6101  0.9239  30.2N 158.7E  52 160  359  09m04s
10148  2273 Nov 10  10:07:17    617   3387  147   A   -0.0398  0.9278  19.6S  26.2E  88  10  272  09m34s
10194  2291 Nov 21  17:50:53    669   3610  147   A   -0.0644  0.9263  23.7S  89.0W  86   7  278  09m41s
10239  2309 Dec 03  01:42:05    722   3833  147   A   -0.0832  0.9254  26.9S 154.5E  85   3  282  09m40s
10284  2327 Dec 14  09:39:47    778   4056  147   A   -0.0969  0.9250  28.8S  36.9E  84 358  284  09m34s
10330  2345 Dec 24  17:41:04    836   4279  147   Am  -0.1081  0.9252  29.7S  81.2W  84 353  284  09m21s
10376  2364 Jan 05  01:46:48    895   4502  147   A   -0.1161  0.9259  29.4S 159.6E  83 348  281  09m03s
10604  2458 Dec 06  09:14:46   1242   5676  159   A    0.5280  0.9311   9.5N  44.5E  58 181  303  09m34s
10647  2476 Dec 16  17:15:18   1314   5899  159   A    0.5154  0.9282   7.7N  76.5W  59 176  314  10m04s

10670  2486 Nov 26  11:15:08   1355   6022  150   A    0.3363  0.9294   2.1S  19.0E  70 195  280  09m26s
10689  2494 Dec 28  01:19:29   1389   6122  159   A    0.5061  0.9257   6.9N 161.7E  60 172  323  10m22s
10712  2504 Dec 07  19:10:09   1430   6245  150   A    0.3535  0.9289   2.3S  99.7W  69 191  284  09m46s
10731  2513 Jan 08  09:25:23   1465   6345  159   A    0.4982  0.9240   7.0N  39.5E  60 168  329  10m25s
10753  2522 Dec 19  03:10:40   1508   6468  150   A    0.3668  0.9289   2.0S 140.2E  68 187  286  09m58s
10771  2531 Jan 19  17:31:19   1543   6568  159   A    0.4908  0.9228   7.9N  82.7W  61 163  332  10m17s
10794  2540 Dec 29  11:15:59   1587   6691  150   A    0.3765  0.9295   1.0S  18.7E  68 182  285  09m57s
10811  2549 Jan 30  01:34:51   1623   6791  159   A    0.4815  0.9223   9.4N 155.8E  61 159  331  10m00s
10834  2559 Jan 09  19:24:29   1668   6914  150   A    0.3841  0.9308   0.6N 103.6W  67 178  280  09m43s
10851  2567 Feb 10  09:35:51   1706   7014  159   A    0.4703  0.9223  11.4N  35.0E  62 156  328  09m37s

10874  2577 Jan 20  03:35:00   1752   7137  150   A    0.3901  0.9326   2.8N 133.4E  67 174  273  09m18s
10891  2585 Feb 20  17:31:56   1790   7237  159   A    0.4550  0.9230  13.8N  84.5W  63 153  321  09m11s
11128  2690 Jan 02  18:52:25   2319   8534  162   A   -0.2360  0.9226  36.6S  92.9W  76   1  301  09m17s
11170  2708 Jan 15  02:56:17   2417   8757  162   A   -0.2277  0.9212  34.6S 148.9E  77 356  306  09m38s
11212  2726 Jan 25  10:59:24   2517   8980  162   A   -0.2189  0.9206  31.7S  30.3E  77 351  308  09m52s
11255  2744 Feb 05  19:00:30   2619   9203  162   A   -0.2086  0.9205  28.0S  88.4W  78 348  308  10m01s
11300  2762 Feb 16  02:58:17   2723   9426  162   A   -0.1959  0.9211  23.6S 152.9E  79 345  304  10m04s
11345  2780 Feb 27  10:51:54   2829   9649  162   A   -0.1801  0.9221  18.6S  34.7E  80 343  299  10m03s
11381  2794 Nov 14  20:57:54   2917   9831  165   Am   0.0620  0.9329  14.8S 125.8W  87 189  251  09m02s
11390  2798 Mar 09  18:37:54   2937   9872  162   A   -0.1580  0.9238  13.1S  82.1W  81 343  291  09m57s


Catalog of Long Annular Solar Eclipses: 2001 to 3000


                      TD of
Catalog  Calendar   Greatest          Luna Saros Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Sun  Path Central
Number     Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Num  Type  Gamma    Mag.   Lat.   Long. Alt Azm Width   Dur.
                                  s                                      °      °    °    °   km

11426  2812 Nov 25  04:39:02   3027  10054  165   A    0.0341  0.9292  18.9S 119.6E  88 185  266  09m33s
11428  2813 Nov 14  04:02:23   3033  10066  175   A    0.7331  0.9276  28.6N 135.6E  43 190  398  09m04s
11435  2816 Mar 20  02:17:34   3047  10095  162   A   -0.1307  0.9259   7.2S 162.3E  82 342  281  09m48s
11471  2830 Dec 06  12:27:18   3138  10277  165   A    0.0124  0.9261  21.8S   3.7E  89 181  278  09m57s
11473  2831 Nov 25  11:44:06   3144  10289  175   A    0.7040  0.9270  24.1N  17.7E  45 185  386  09m32s
11480  2834 Mar 31  09:48:16   3159  10318  162   A   -0.0959  0.9284   1.0S  48.7E  84 343  270  09m33s
11517  2848 Dec 16  20:21:20   3252  10500  165   A   -0.0045  0.9233  23.7S 113.1W  90 358  289  10m13s
11519  2849 Dec 05  19:34:20   3258  10512  175   A    0.6814  0.9266  20.7N 101.9W  47 181  377  09m51s
11526  2852 Apr 10  17:12:01   3273  10541  162   A   -0.0555  0.9310   5.4N  63.2W  87 344  258  09m13s
11563  2866 Dec 28  04:18:59   3367  10723  165   A   -0.0184  0.9213  24.4S 129.4E  89 352  298  10m19s

11565  2867 Dec 17  03:31:29   3374  10735  175   A    0.6635  0.9266  18.4N 137.2E  48 176  369  09m55s
11610  2885 Jan 07  12:20:24   3485  10946  165   A   -0.0289  0.9197  23.9S  11.0E  88 348  304  10m20s
11612  2885 Dec 27  11:34:23   3491  10958  175   A    0.6500  0.9270  17.1N  15.1E  49 172  360  09m46s
11657  2903 Jan 19  20:22:19   3605  11169  165   A   -0.0391  0.9189  22.6S 107.7W  88 343  308  10m12s
11659  2904 Jan 08  19:40:31   3611  11181  175   A    0.6386  0.9281  16.7N 107.7W  50 167  348  09m24s
11703  2921 Jan 30  04:24:58   3726  11392  165   A   -0.0482  0.9187  20.3S 133.2E  87 339  309  10m01s
11748  2939 Feb 10  12:23:38   3850  11615  165   A   -0.0607  0.9191  17.6S  14.7E  86 336  307  09m45s
11792  2957 Feb 20  20:20:31   3976  11838  165   A   -0.0746  0.9201  14.5S 103.6W  86 333  303  09m28s
11836  2975 Mar 04  04:11:02   4103  12061  165   A   -0.0939  0.9217  11.3S 139.5E  85 332  297  09m10s
11871  2989 Nov 19  14:25:04   4209  12243  168   A    0.2155  0.9283   7.8S  18.6W  78 198  275  09m23s


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. (See: Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses)

[2] The terms BCE and CE are abbreviations for "Before Common Era" and "Common Era," respectively. They are the secular equivalents to the BC and AD dating conventions. (See: Year Dating Conventions )

[3] Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[4] Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog.

The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"


Eclipse Links

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Ten Millennium Catalog of Long Solar Eclipses

Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series

World Atlas of Solar Eclipse Paths

2007 May 11